Objective To propose the nursing measures with the analysis of free tissue transplant donor site poor healing.Methods 19 cases which suffered wound poor healing were analysed and gived donor site expansion training strengthen,nutrition support,reduce the tension of incision to reduce the incidence of complications.Results 19 cases which suffered wound poor healing with free tissue transplantation were all delayed healed.The reasons could be summed up in four aspects as high tension incision,incision liquefaction,incision hematoma,infection of incision.Conclusions Predictive nursing intervention,postoperative close observation of incision condition,early treatment can effectively prevent complications of donor site.

Objective To study the intestinal bacterial overgrowth(IBO)and bacterial translocation(BT)in cirrhotic rats,and the effect of microecologics on it.Methods In order to induce cirrhosis model the rats were given 40%CCl4 elaeo-solution by subcutaneous injection,then were treated by microecologics(prebiotics and probiotics).The rats were randomly divided into normal control group(13 rats),cirrhosis model group(10 rats),prebiotics therapy group(19 rats),probiotics therapy group(19 rats)and therapy control group(20 rats).To detect endotoxin,cultivate and count enteric bacilli.mesenteric lymph nodes,tissue of liver and spleen were taken to cultivate bacteria.Results ① the counts of small intestinal bacilli in cirrhosis rats were obviously higher than normal rats(P

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is widely used in clinical due to its multiple pharmacological effects. Recently, dexamethasone is increasingly utilized in anti-cancer therapy. It is frequently used to prevent side effects of chemotherapy such as nausea, vomiting and pain, as well as to increase the anti-tumor activity of the cancer chemotherapeutic agents as a chemosensitizer and to inhibit tumor growth as an anti-cancer agent in some certain cancers. Dexamethasone produces the effects in anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, control of estrogen activity and so on, by binding to glucocorticoid receptor to regulate gene expression of some important bio-signal molecules. Those signal pathways could interfere with the transcription of various factors which can regulate proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumors.

Objective To study clinical efficacy and toxicity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib combined with whole brain radiotherapy in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases and to evaluate its effectiveness and safety.Methods In accordance with the random digital number method, Sixty-three NSCLC patients with brain metastases were divided into erlotinib combined with whole brain radiation therapy group (33 cases) and whole brain radiotherapy alone group (30 cases), each patient received the whole brain radiotherapy, DT (3 000-3 600)cGy/(10-12) F.Erlotinib combined with whole brain radiotherapy group received oral erlotinib, at a dose of 150 mg per day from the beginning of the whole brain radiotherapy, at least two months until after the completion of radiation therapy.All patients were evaluated in the efficacy of radiotherapy at the end of two months.Results The metastases objective response rate and disease control rate of erlotinib combined with whole brain radiation therapy group and whole brain radiotherapy alone group were respectively 54.6％, 13.3％ (x2 =11.744, P =0.001) and 91.0％ , 60.0％ (x2 =8.276, P =0.004).The objective response rate and disease control rate in the two groups were respectively 39.3％, 10.0％ (x2 =7.166, P =0.007) and 84.8％, 40.0％ (x2 =7.759, P =0.005).Stratified analysis showed that in erlotinib combined with whole brain radiotherapy group, the objective response rate and disease control rate of EGFR mutation positive and negative subgroup were respectively 76.5％, 33.3％ (x2 =6.248, P=0.012) and 100％, 77.7％ (x2 =4.093, P=0.043).The 1-year sur vival and progression-free survival rates of the two groups were 57.6％, 30.0％ and 42.4％, 16.7％, the differences were statistically significant (x2 =4.840, P =0.028;x2 =4.950, P =0.026).The main adverse events of erlotinib combined with whole brain radiotherapy group were mild to moderate rash, diarrhea, and no treatment-related deaths occurred.Conclusion Erlotinib combined with whole brain radiotherapy for the NSCLC patients with brain metastases has some effect, and the adverse reactions are mild, which can be used as a treatment option for NSCLC brain metastases.

Objective To explore the clinical character istics of bile reflux gastritis. Methods We observed 1328 patients with bile reflux gastritis(excluding gastritis of the remnant stomach),and selected 425 superficial gastritis as control group.All the patients took helicobacter pylori(Hp) rapid urease examination. 664 cases in observed group and all in patients of control group were examined for bile disease by UB. Results In 1328 patients,there were 797 male and 531 female,and the ratio of male and female was 1.5/1.The detecting rate of bile reflux gastritis was decreased along with aging. Among all the patients,there were 651 simple superficial gastritis(49%),86 gastric ulcer(6.5%),412 duodenal ulcer (31%),122 combined ulcer(9.2%) and 57 other disease(4.7%).In observed group,1030 HP(77.56%) were regative; 298 Hp(22.44%) were positive,and in control group,282 Hp(66.35%) were regative,147 Hp(33.65%) were positive.The amount of gallbladder disease resection was 221(33.3%),which was more than that of control group(16.9%). Conclusion The detecting rate of bile reflux gastritis was decreased along with aging.Bile reflux gastritis is more often combined with ulcer disease or gallbladder disease. The Hp infection rate of bile reflux gastritis is significant lower than that of non-bile reflux gastritis.

The objective of this study is to compare the normalized prediction distribution errors (NPDE) and the visual predictive check (VPC) on model evaluation under different study designs. In this study, simulation method was utilized to investigate the capability of NPDE and VPC to evaluate the models. Data from the false models were generated by biased parameter typical value or inaccurate parameter inter-individual variability after single or multiple doses with the same sampling time or multiple doses with varied sampling time, respectively. The results showed that there was no clear statistic test for VPC and it was difficult to make sense of VPC under the multiple doses with varied sampling time. However, there were corresponding statistic tests for NPDE and the factor of study design did not affect NPDE significantly. It suggested that the clinical data and model which VPC was not fit for could be evaluated by NPDE.

A poly(amino black 10B)/Nafion modified glassy carbon(GC) electrode for the detection of dopamine(DA) has been developed. The modified electrode showed an excellent electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of DA. In cyclic votammetric measurements, the redox peak current increased linearly with the concentration of DA in the range of 2.0×10~(-7) 3.0×10~(-5) mol/L in PBS of pH 6.0, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993 and 0.9991, respectively. The detection limit(S/N=3) was 1.0×10~(-7) mol/L. Moreover, the modified electrode exhibited good repeatability and long-time stability, and avoided the interference of ascorbic acid. The modified electrode has been used for the determination of DA in the injections and calf serum with good recovery and reproducibility.

Palladium nanoparticle/carbon nanofibers(Pd/CNFs) were prepared by electrospinning technique with subsequent thermal treatments and were employed to modify glassy carbon electrode (Pd/CNF-GCE/ CME). Pd/CNF-GCE/CME exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities towards catechol and hydroquinone,and the reversibility of catechol and hydroquinone were significantly improved. The effects of pH value on the oxidation peak current and potential of catechol and hydroquinone were studied by differential pulse voltamme-try(DPV),and 0. 1 mol/L PBS(pH 8.0) was selected as the supporting electrolyte. Under the optimized conditions,the oxidation peak current of catechol was linearly with the concentration of catechol in the range of 1-90μmol/L in the presence of 50 μmol/L hydroquinone with the detection limit of 0.3μmol/L(S/V =3) and the oxidation peak current of hydroquinone was linearly with the concentration of hydroquinone in the range of 2 - 100μmol/L in the presence of 50 μmol/L catechol with the detection limit of 1. 0μmol/L. Furthermore,the modified electrode exhibited good reproducibility and selectivity. The modified electrode has been used for the determination of catechol and hydroquinone in imitative water samples with satisfactory results.

Objective To investigate the effects of Xanthoceraside on the learning and memory impairment induced in mire by innacere-broventricular injection of aggregated amyloid β peptide _(1-42)(Aβ_(1-42)). Methods Learning and memory functions in mice were examined us-ing step-through test and water maze test. Biochemical determination of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) were measured with spectrophotometric melhod. Results Administration of Xanthoceraside reduced number of error and prolonged the laten-cy in step-through test in mice impaired by Aβ_(1-42) (P < 0.05,P< 0.01,respectively). In water maze test,the swimming time decreased in mice treated with Xanthoceraside compared with the model mice impaired by Aβ_(1-42) (P< 0.05,P< 0.01,respectively). The results of bio-chemical determination showed that decrease level of AchE and ChAT in mice impaired by Aβ_(1-42) were significantly ameliorated by Xantho-ceraside administration (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Conclusion Xanthoceraside has the effect of improving learning and memory impairment in mice inducel by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ_(1-42) via enhancing the cholinergic system functions.

Pharmacometrics,developed from the conventional pharmacokinetics,is the science of applying mathe-matical and statistical methods to characterize,understand,and predict a drug's pharmacokinetic,phannacodyna-mic,and biomarker-outcome behaviors.Pharmacometrics has been widely valued for its utility of modeling and simulation in drug research and development,therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized therapy.This paper reviewed the advances of pharmacometrics employed in new drug research and development and therapeutic drug monitoring both at home and abroad.