Objective To analyze domestic and foreign papers on H5N1 virus research using literature metrology and visualized knowledge mapping.Methods Pajek, Bibexcel,and VoSviewer software were used based on Web of Knowledge platform.Results Study on H5N1 virus has been a research focus wide since 2005 and a series of institutions and investi-gators have appeared, with US being the leader in this area and followed by China.The most popular topics of studies on H5N1 included its virology, epidemiology, basic research, anti-virus drugs and vaccines.Conclusion Studies on H5N1 have received more attention, which suggests that more efforts have to be made in China in terms of communication and co-operation with key institutions and famous researchers so as to achieve more success in key areas.

Objective To evaluate the CT features and pathologic findings of MTC. Methods The CT features of 28 patients with MTC confirmed pathologically were analyzed retrospectively and correlated with pathologic findings. Results The tumor invaded one lobe of the thyroid in 22 cases(78.6%), two lobe in 6 cases(21.4%). 5(17.9%) of them presented with heterogeneous hypodense masses and 23(82.1%) of them presented with homogeneous hypodense solitary masses . 20 patients had metastatic lymph nodes. The thyroid masses were enhanced slightly, while the lymph nodes were enhanced obviously. Correlating with pathologic findings, the heterogeneous lesions composed of cystic areas and/or necrosis, while the homogeneous lesions composed of homogeneously distributed tumor cells with no cystic areas or necrosis. The metastatic lymph nodes were hypervascular. Conclusion The CT features of MTC may be described as homogeneous diffuse hypodense mass, with slight enhancement,and invasion of one thyroid lobe in most cases. The metastatic lymph nodes are characterized with enhancement.

Objective To explore the development of the anthrax research field in order to provide information and strategies for anti-bioterrorism in China.Methods Pajek, Vosviewer, Bibexcel running on Web of Knowledge platform, and Excel running on CSCD platform were used.Results According to the results of anthrax literature metrology,the USA is by far the leader in research while the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other in-stitutions are our main anthrax research institutions in China, but there is a gap between China and international research institutions.Conclusion We should strengthen anthrax research, improve the overall research strength, and provide the necessary protection to respond to potential bioterrorism incidents.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of mechanism Glasgow age blood pressure score (MGAPS), revised trauma score (RTS) and modified rapid emergency medicine score (mREMS) in predicting the mortality risk of patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) within 24 hours.Methods:A case control study was performed for clinical data of 1 156 patients with acute TBI admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Hospital from January to December of 2020, including 745 males and 411 females; aged 18-100 years [(59.9±15.1)years]. Glasgow coma score (GCS) was 3-15 points [15(9, 15)points]. The patients were divided into death group ( n=87) and survival group ( n=1 069) according to death or not within 24 hours. Vital signs, general data, MGAPS, RTS and mREMS were documented at emergency visit. Differences in the specific scores and severity levels of the patients using the three scoring systems were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for the three scoring systems based on the specific scores and severity levels of the patients. While the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, optimal threshold and Youden index were determined to estimate the value of the three scoring systems in predicting death risk in patients with acute TBI within 24 hours. Results:Death group showed significantly decreased scores in MGAPS [17(12, 19)points] and RTS [5.0(4.1, 6.0)points] and significantly increased score in mREMS [9(7, 12)points] when compared with survival group (all P<0.01). The proportion of moderate- and high-risk patients for MGAPS and proportion of high-risk patients for RTS and mREMS in death group were significantly higher than those in survival group (all P<0.01). As indicated by the ROC curve plotted based on the specific scores, mREMS had the maximum AUC (0.88), followed by MGAPS (0.86) and RTS (0.86); the sensitivity of mREMS, MGAPS and RTS was similar (80.5%, 86.2% and 82.8%, respectively), while mREMS showed the highest specificity (83.4%) compared to MGAPS (78.0%) and RTS (82.3%); the optimum threshold of mREMS, MGAPS and RTS, was 6 points, 6.08 points and 20 points; the Youden index of MGAPS, RTS and mREMS was 0.64, 0.64 and 0.65. As indicated by the ROC curve plotted based on the injury severity, MGAPS had the highest AUC (0.84), followed by RTS (0.70) and mREMS (0.59); MGAPS also had the highest sensitivity (92.0%), higher than RTS (47.1%) and RTS (18.4%); when mREMS showed the highest specificity(98.8%) compared to RTS (93.7%) and MGAPS (68.8%); the optimal threshold of MGAPS, RTS and mREMS was 22 points, 4 points and 13 points; the Youden index of MGAPS, RTS and mREMS was 0.61, 0.41 and 0.17. Conclusions:MGAPS, RTS and mREMS can be predictive in assessing the mortality risk of patients with acute TBI within 24 hours. mREMS has the highest prediction value, with an optimal threshold of 6 points when the risk assessment is made in accordance with specific scores of the patients. MGAPS has the highest prediction value when the risk assessment is assessed by the injury severity.

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular catabolic process used to degrade cytoplasmic components. In recent years, it has attracted much attention because of its importance in the pathogenesis and targeted therapy of acute and chronic kidney disease. Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining renal homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. The study of conditional autophagy related gene knockout specific to various renal cells has gradually revealed the role of autophagy in renal diseases. Recent studies have found that autophagy deficiency may play a key role in different pathological states of the kidney. Activated autophagy shows cytoprotective function in both glomerulus and renal tubulointerstitium, suggesting that the up regulation of autophagy may become a potential therapeutic strategy. However, there is also contrary evidence that autophagy may be harmful, which poses a great challenge to the development of therapeutic strategies for up-regulated autophagy.