Objective To discuss the safety and curative effect of superior rectal artery chemoembolization in treating rectal cancer complicated by hepatic metastasis.Methods A total of 17 patients with rectal cancer complicated by hepatic metastases were treated with hepatic arterial chemoembolization together with subsequent superior rectal artery chemoembolization.Super-selective catheterization of superior rectal artery with a 3-F microcatheter was performed first,which was followed by perfusion of 5-Fu and oxaliplatin through the microcatheter,and then irinotecan and Lipiodol emulsion was injected.Results Technical success was obtained in all 17 patients.In 2-7 days after the treatment,the amount of faeces containing mucus,blood and pus was significantly increased,besides,obvious necrotic tissues could be observed in the faeces in some patients.Among the 3 patients who had complained of abdominal pain,the pain disappeared in 3 days (n=2) or in 5 days (n=1) after the treatment.One week after the treatment,anal pain disappeared in 5 patients and was remarkably improved in 2 patients;tenesmus feeling was significantly relieved in 7 patients although the improvement of tenesmus feeling was not obvious in other 4 patients.During the long period following-up,no intestinal perforation or local infection was observed.Conclusion For the treatment of rectal cancer associated with hepatic metastasis,superior rectal artery chemoembolization is safe and effective.It can quickly cause rectal tumor necrosis,which is an important therapeutic response in treating rectal cancer with comprehensive therapy.

Objective: To explore the role of ROCK1 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced podocyte injury and its possible mechanism. Methods: The conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to 20 μg/ml ox-LDL for 24 h. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression level of p-MYPT, nephrin, LC3-Ⅱ, p62, p-ULK1 in groups of control, ox-LDL, ROCK1 siRNA with ox-LDL, wtROCK1 with ox-LDL. Podocytes were incubated with DiI labeled ox-LDL for 4 h and fluorescence microscope was used to analyze lipid distribution. Results: Compared with control group, ox-LDL increased cell cholesterol accumulation, activated ROCK along with decreased nephrin, LC3-Ⅱ(P<0.05), and increased p62, and p-ULK1 expression (P<0.05). Over-expression of ROCK1 significantly decreased the expression of nephrin and LC3-Ⅱ, but up-regulated the levels of p62, p-ULK1 and cell cholesterol accumulation in ox-LDL stimulated podocytes (P<0.05). In contrast, Inhibition of ROCK1 protected podocyte by improved lipophagy. Conclusion ROCK1 mediated disfunction of lipophagy contributes to the ox-LDL induced podocyte injury.

Objective To evaluate the effect of over-expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog does on chromosome ten (PTEN) in podocytes on kidney under high fat diet (HFD) in vivo and clarify the mechanism how PTEN regulates scavenger receptor A (SR-A) expression exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in podocytes in vitro.Methods The podocyte-specific PTEN knockin (PPKI) mice were fed with HFD to establish mouse model of lipid-induced renal injury.Mice were divided into four groups:ND+Ctrl group,ND+PPKI group,HFD+Ctrl group and HFD+PPKI group.After 24 weeks of dietary intervention,all mice were tested for clinical and biochemical parameters,including serum creatinine (Scr) as well as urine albumin excretion rate (UAER);renal lipid content was measured by oil red O staining and cholesterol quantitative analysis;the pathological changes of glomeruli were observed by PAS staining and electron microscope.Podocyte injury was induced by ox-LDL in vitro.Western blotting was used to detect the changes of SR-A expression induced by ox-LDL after YAP-siRNA interfering (si-YAP),as well as YAP phosphorylation induced by ox-LDL after interfering by PTEN-siRNA (si-PTEN) and PTEN phosphatase inhibitor (Bpv-PTEN),and overexpressing by recombinant adenovirus (ad-PTEN).Results Compared with ND+Ctrl group,HFD+ Ctrl group significantly aggravated the levels of Scr and UAER,the expression of SR-A in podocytes,renal lipid content,mesangial matrix expansion,effacement of podocyte foot processes,and incrassation of glomerular basement membrane (all P ＜ 0.05).Conversely,compared with HFD+Ctrl group,HFD+ PPKI group obviously alleviated the above lipid-induced renal damage (all P ＜ 0.05).In vitro,the expression of SR-A in podocytes was up-regulated when stimulated with ox-LDL (P ＜ 0.05),and the knockout of YAP significantly down-regulated the expression of SR-A induced by ox-LDL (P ＜ 0.05).Exposed to ox-LDL,the expression of p-YAP increased in podocytes (P ＜ 0.05);over-expression of PTEN inhibited p-YAP up-regulation induced by ox-LDL (P ＜ 0.05),while either knockdown of PTEN or inhibition of PTEN phosphatase activity displayed opposite effect (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Over-expression of PTEN in podocytes protected the kidney against damage from HFD in vivo and PTEN might suppress SR-A mediated lipid uptake via dephosphorylating p-YAP to prevent podocyte injury from ox-LDL.

Inherent complexity of plant metabolites necessitates the use of multi-dimensional information to accomplish comprehensive profiling and confirmative identification. A dimension-enhanced strategy, by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spec-trometry (2D-LC/IM-QTOF-MS) enabling four-dimensional separations (2D-LC, IM, and MS), is proposed. In combination with in-house database-driven automated peak annotation, this strategy was utilized to characterize ginsenosides simultaneously from white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG). An offline 2D-LC system configuring an Xbridge Amide column and an HSS T3 column showed orthogonality 0.76 in the resolution of ginsenosides. Ginsenoside analysis was performed by data-independent high-definition MSE (HDMSE) in the negative ESI mode on a Vion TM IMS-QTOF hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometer, which could better resolve ginsenosides than MSE and directly give the CCS information. An in-house ginsenoside database recording 504 known ginsenosides and 58 reference compounds, was estab-lished to assist the identification of ginsenosides. Streamlined workflows, by applying UNIFI TM to auto-matedly annotate the HDMSE data, were proposed. We could separate and characterize 323 ginsenosides (including 286 from WG and 306 from RG), and 125 thereof may have not been isolated from the Panax genus. The established 2D-LC/IM-QTOF-HDMSE approach could also act as a magnifier to probe differ-entiated components between WG and RG. Compared with conventional approaches, this dimension-enhanced strategy could better resolve coeluting herbal components and more efficiently, more reli-ably identify the multicomponents, which, we believe, offers more possibilities for the systematic exposure and confirmative identification of plant metabolites.