ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the long-term prognosis for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） of yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 371 DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. The yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was defined as the exposure factor. Patients were categorized into exposure group （186 cases） and non-exposure group （185 cases） according to whether they received yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy combined with conventional western medicine for 6 months or longer. The follow-up period was set at 48 months， and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） in both groups. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the risk of MACE， and subgroup analysis was performed. Changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS）， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） score were compared between groups at the time of first combined use of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy （before treatment） and 1 year after receiving the therapy （after treatment）. ResultsMACE occurred in 31 cases （16.67%） in the exposure group and 47 cases （25.41%） in the non-exposure group. The cumulative incidence of MACE in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the non-exposure group ［HR=0.559， 95%CI（0.361，0.895）， P=0.014］. Cox regression analysis showed that yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was an independent factor for reducing the risk of MACE in DCM patients ［HR=0.623， 95%CI（0.396，0.980）， P=0.041］， and consistent results were observed in different subgroups. Compared with pre-treatment， the exposure group showed decreased TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score， reduced LVEDD， and increased LVEF and LVFS after treatment （P＜0.05）； in the non-exposure group， TCM syndrome score decreased， LVEF and LVFS increased， and LVEDD reduced after treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the exposure group had higher LVEF and LVFS， smaller LVEDD， and lower TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score compared with the non-exposure group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionCombining yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy with conventional western medicine can reduce the risk of MACE in DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， meanwhile improving their clinical symptoms， cardiac function， and quality of life.

Objective: To develop a health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese high school students, providing a tool for dynamic monitoring of health literacy among high school students and evaluating the effectiveness of health school construction. Methods: Through theoretical research, an evaluation index system for health literacy of Chinese high school students was constructed. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultations were conducted to quantitatively screen the items, and the item pool was revised based on expert opinions to compile the health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese students. Two focus group interviews were held to collect suggestions from health educators, high school teachers, and high school students regarding optimized scale length, question types, difficulty and wording of the scale. The scale was revised accordingly. A pilot survey was conducted in Beijing and Tianjin in November 2024, and the reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated based on the pilot survey data. Results: The response rate in both rounds of Delphi expert consultations was over 80%, and the expert authority coefficient was over 0.70. The expert opinions were highly concentrated, and the dispersion was small. The revised item pool based on expert opinions contained 39 items. The revised scale based on the suggestions and opinions collected from the focus group interviews had a moderate number of questions and difficulty level. The pilot survey obtained 800 valid responses, with the response rate of 89.39%. The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was 0.911, χ 2/df =3.321, the root mean square error of approximation was 0.054, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.991 , and the factor loadings of some items were less than 0.40. Conclusion The health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese high school students demonstrates scientific rigor and practical applicability, with good internal consistency and structural validity.

Objective: To develop and validate a health literacy assessment scale for junior high school students, providing an effective tool for evaluating and monitoring health literacy among Chinese adolescents. Methods: Based on school health education policy documents, a health literacy assessment framework was constructed, comprising five horizontal and four vertical dimensions. From May to June and August to September in 2024, the framework was refined through Delphi expert consultations and focus group discussions, leading to the development of the Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Junior High School Students. In September 2024, a convenience sample of 625 students from three junior high schools in Beijing and Tianjin completed the questionnaire. Item analysis, reliability, and validity tests were conducted to evaluate the scale. Results: The recovery rate for two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100%. The expert authority coefficients ( Cr ) were 0.86 and 0.87 respectively (both >0.70), with Kendall W values of 0.34 and 0.27 ( P <0.05). The focus group discussions followed a rigorous structure, and after multiple rounds of item screening and revision, the version 3.0 of the junior high school students health literacy assessment scale was developed, comprising 57 items. Three items that failed to meet the comprehensive screening criteria were preliminarily removed, and the final scale contained 54 items. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability, with an overall Cronbach s α coefficient of 0.92 and split half reliability of 0.93. Confirmatory factor analysis [ χ 2/df =2.094, root mean square error of approximation ( RMSEA )=0.042, comparative fit index ( CFI )=0.911, Tucker Lewis index ( TLI )=0.907] indicated good model fit indices. Conclusions The preliminary development of the health literacy assessment scale for junior high school students follows a rigorous item screening process with well designed dimensions, demonstrating good reliability and validity, thus serving as an appropriate evaluation tool for adolescent health literacy.

Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with sinusoidal waves. However, little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity. We applied a randomized, single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS, sinusoidal wave tACS, or sham stimulation into three groups. Participants performed n-back tasks, and electroencephalograms were recorded before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Compared to the baseline, working memory performance (accuracy and response time) improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions. According to drift-diffusion model analysis, triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing. In addition, compared with sham conditions, triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period, while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period. The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage, and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point. Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage, demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing. In contrast, sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage, suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Single-Blind Method

Glycosylation modification is an important post-translational modification of proteins, which participates in regulating protein half-life, biological activity, and immunogenicity, thereby affecting their functions. Glycoproteins expressed in Pichia pastoris predominantly carry high-mannose type glycans, primarily composed of mannose residues, which starkly contrasts with the complex-type glycans synthesized by mammalian cells. This study aims to transform the high mannose glycosylation modification of P. pastoris into a hybrid glycosylation modification similar to that of mammalian cells through genetic engineering technology. We introduced the mannosidase Ⅰ gene (MDSⅠ) from Trichoderma viride and the human β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I gene (GnTⅠ) into a previously constructed P. pastoris strain (∆och1) capable of producing Man₈GlcNAc₂ glycans. To precisely regulate the expression of MDSⅠ and GnTⅠ, we designed various promoter combinations, including the strong inducible AOX promoter and the constitutive GAP promoter. The receptor-binding domain (RBD, residues 377-588) of the spike protein from the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was selected as the reporter protein for this investigation (MERS-RBD). The N-glycosylation profile of MERS-RBD was systematically analyzed using PNGase F digestion coupled with mass spectrometry. The results showed that after the knockout of och1 and the introduction of MDSⅠ and GnTⅠ genes with different promoter combinations, P. pastoris strains capable of producing GlcNAcMan₅GlcNAc₂ glycans were successfully generated. When the AOX promoter was used to control the MDSⅠ gene and the GAP promoter was used to control the GnTⅠ gene, the engineered strain exhibited the highest proportion of hybrid-type GlcNAcMan₅GlcNAc₂ glycans, which accounted for 68.38% of the total N-glycosylation. In conclusion, we successfully engineered a P. pastoris strain capable of synthesizing hybrid-type GlcNAcMan₅GlcNAc₂ glycans, establishing a foundation for subsequent research on the biosynthesis of complex-type N-glycans in P. pastoris.
Glycosylation ; Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Polysaccharides/metabolism* ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism* ; Pichia/metabolism* ; Humans ; Mannosidases/metabolism* ; Genetic Engineering ; Trichoderma/genetics* ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics* ; Saccharomycetales

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Naozhenning granules on the memory function and neuron cells in the rat model of post-concussion syndrome based on mitochondrial biosynthesis. MethodSPF-grade Wistar rats were used to establish the multiple cerebral concussion （MCC） model by the weight-drop method. The successfully modeled rats were assigned into model， piracetam （0.324 g·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.25， 4.5， and 9 g·kg^-1， respectively） Naozhenning groups. The rats were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage and those in the blank group and model group were administrated the same volume of normal saline once a day for 14 days. The general state of rats was observed before and after treatment. The open field test and new object recognition test were conducted to examine the motor and memory abilities of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes of cortical neurons in rats. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels， respectively， of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator-1α （PGC-1α）， nuclear respiratory factor-1 （NRF-1）， and transcription factor A mitochondrial （TFAM） in rat cortex. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed anxious and manic mental status， yellow and messy fur， and reduced food intake. In the open field experiment， the model group showed reduced total movement distance， times of entering the central grid， and times of rearing decreased and increased resting time compared with the blank group （P<0.01）. The model group had lower recognition index of new objects than the blank group （P<0.01）. In addition， the modeling caused reduced neurons with sparse distribution and deformed， broken， and irregular nucleoli and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1α， NRF-1， and TFAM in the cortex （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， piracetam and Naozhenning improved the mental state， coat color， food intake， and activities of rats. In the open field test， piracetam and Naozhenning increased the total movement distance， the times of entering the central grid， and the times of rearing and shortened the resting time （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The piracetam and Naozhenning groups had higher recognition index of new objects than the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the piracetam and Naozhenning groups showed increased neurons with tight arrangement and large and round nuclei， and some cells with irregular morphology and turbid cytoplasm. Furthermore， piracetam and medium-dose Naozhenning upregulated the protein levels of PGC-1α， NRF-1， and TFAM （P<0.01）. Low-dose Naozhenning upregulated the protein levels of NRF-1 and TFAM （P<0.01）， and high-dose Naozhenning upregulated the protein levels of PGC-1α and TFAM in the cortex （P<0.01）. The mRNA levels of PGC-1α， NRF-1， and TFAM in the cortex were upregulated in the piracetam group and Naozhenning groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionNaozhenning granules can improve the motor， memory， and learning， repair the neuronal damage， and protect the nerve function in the rat model of MCC by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitos combined with Fuzheng Kang'ai Decoction in patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify factors that influence progression and prognosis in real world.Methods:Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS), total survival time (OS) and adverse events of patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC who received PD-1 inhibitors for the first time in the Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and was prospectively followed up until September 2022. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves and evaluate median PFS and median OS, while Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariate analysis.Results:The final 66 patients were included in the study, with an ORR of 33.3% (22/66), a DCR of 86.4% (57/66), a median PFS of 9.90 months, and a median OS of 31.83 months. Univariate analysis showed that median PFS was associated with TNM stage, liver metastasis, PD-L1 expression level, lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types ( P values were 0.004, 0.033, 0.040, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that TNM stage [ HR (95% CI)=4.179 (1.781, 9.804)], PD-L1 expression level 1%-49% [ HR (95% CI)=0.346 (0.127, 0.940)] or ≥ 50% [ HR (95% CI)=0.074 (0.019, 0.288)], LIPI [ HR (95% CI)=14.515 (2.939, 71.681)], and TCM characteristics of deficiency of yang qi [ HR (95% CI)=5.954 (2.093, 16.940)] were independent influencing factors for PFS. The overall and grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events were 68.2% (45/66) and 9.1% (6/66), respectively. Conclusions:Fuzheng Kang'ai Decoction combined with PD-1 inhibitors is an effective and tolerable therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. TNM stage, liver metastasis, PD-L1 expression, LIPI and TCM characteristics are early predictors of clinical efficacy for patients with stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ NSCLC that receive traditional Chinese medicine combined with immunotherapy .

Objective·To explore the effect of continuous nursing based on EMS[environment management(E),medicine direction(M)and self monitoring(S)]management mode on the preschool children with asthmatic diseases.Methods·A total of 67 children aged 0 to 6 years with asthmatic diseases admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine,Shanghai Children's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from December 2019 to November 2020 were selected and divided into observation group(33 cases)and control group(34 cases)according to the random number table method,with 3 cases lost,and finally 32 cases in each group.The observation group received continuous nursing care based on EMS management mode,while the control group received routine care and discharge follow-up through the telephone.The children in the two groups were followed up at 1,3,and 6 months after discharge to evaluate the results of Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids(TRACK)and wheezing recurrence;Medication Adherence Report Scale for Asthma(MARS-A)and Nursing Job Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to evaluate medication adherence and nursing job satisfaction 6 months after discharge.Results·There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics and clinical baseline characteristics between the two groups.Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that effects of time,groups and the interaction of groups×time on the total score of TRACK were statistically significant.The total scores of TRACK in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 1,3,and 6 months after discharge(P=0.000).The total scores of TRACK in the two groups gradually increased with time(P=0.000).The recurrence rates of wheezing in the observation group were 25.0%,18.7%,and 9.4%at 1,3,and 6 months after discharge,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(50.0%,43.7%,and 31.3%,respectively,P<0.05).Generalized estimating equation analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.013),and the intervention effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group(OR=0.292).The MARS-A score of the observation group was 4.519±0.395 at 6 months after discharge,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(3.994±0.739,P=0.001).The nursing job satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P=0.000).There was a moderate positive correlation between the MARS-A score and the nursing job satisfaction(r=0.389,P=0.001).Conclusion·Continuous nursing based on EMS management mode can significantly improve the medication compliance and wheezing control level of the preschool children with asthmatic diseases,significantly reduce the recurrence rate of wheezing,and improve the nursing satisfaction.

Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swal-lowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evalua-tion and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of ex-perts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evalua-tion and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of liver cancer occurrence in liver cirrhosis,and to construct a risk prediction model.Methods A total of 307 patients with liver cirrhosis admitted and treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 2019 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects,among them 175 patients with simple liver cirrhosis were included in the control group and 132 patients with liver cirrhosis complicating liver cancer were included in the observation group.The lev-els of various indicators were detected by the automatic immunofluorescence analyzer and dry biochemical ana-lyzer.The influencing factors of liver cancer occurrence in liver cirrhosis were analyzed by univariate and mult-ivariate logistic regression.The diagnostic efficiency of single detection and combined detection of various in-fluencing factors for liver cancer occurrence in liver cirrhosis was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The univariate analysis results showed that the age,smoking history,drinking history,family history of liver cancer,AFP,PIVKA-Ⅱ,ApoA1 and ApoB levels had statistical differences between the two groups (P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression results showed that PIVKA-Ⅱ (OR=1.240,95％CI:1.064-1.445),ApoA1 (OR=26.154,95％CI:1.224-558.648) and ApoB (OR=23.289,95％CI:2.940-184.520) were the independent risk factors for liver cancer occurrence in liver cirrhosis (P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve of PIVKA-Ⅱ,ApoA1 and ApoB combined detec-tion for predicting the liver cancer occurrence in liver cirrhosis was 0.853 (95％CI:0.756-0.874),and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.33％ and 65.47％,respectively.Conclusion PIVKA-Ⅱ,ApoA1 and ApoB levels are the independent risk factors for liver cancer occurrence in liver cirrhosis,and their combined detec-tion has a good predictive value for liver cancer occurrence in liver cirrhosis.