Coxsackievirus A(CV-A)is a common virus associated with a number of serious human diseases,including menin-gitis,myocarditis,herpangina,conjunctivitis and hand,foot and mouth syndrome. In recent years,with the increase of epidemics events with CV-A as the main pathogen,the studies focusing on the CV-A infection have attracted more attention. In this paper,we comprehensively review the basic characteristics,pathogenesis and potential antiviral drugs of CV-A.

Coronary heart disease is a kind of heart disease that is caused by atherosclerosis. The lipid deposition in the vessel wall results in occlusion of coronary artery and stenosis, which could induce myocardial ischemia and oxygen deficiency. Intervention therapies like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary stent improve myocardial perfusion using catheter angioplasty to reduce stenosis and occlusion of coronary artery lumen. Accordingly, intervention therapies are widely applied in clinic to treat ischemic cardiovascular disease, arterial intima hyperplasia and other heart diseases, which could save the patients' life rapidly and effectively. However, these interventions also damage the original endothelium, promote acute and subacute thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, and thus induce in-stent restenosis (ISR) eventually. Studies indicated that the rapid reendothelialization of damaged section determined postoperative effects. In this review, reendothelialization of implants after intervention therapy is discussed, including the resource of cells contributed on injured artery, the influences of implanted stents on hemodynamic, and the effects of damaged degree on reendothelialization.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Endothelium, Vascular ; pathology ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; prevention & control ; Stents ; Thrombosis ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of MDR1 (P-gp) and ABCG2 on the drug resistance in Hep 2 cells. METHOD: Flow cytometry was used to detect the variations of the antitumor drugs accumulation and discharging, and activity variations when MDR1 and ABCG2 inhibitors were used in Hep-2. RESULT: The accumulation and discharging of mitoxantrone was significantly higher than the control group when ABCG2 inhibitor FTC was used in Hep-2 (P<0. 05). In contrast, P-gp did not appear similar case; To the mitoxantrone and cisplatin, there was no statistical correlation about activity of Hep-2 between P-gp or ABCG2 antagonist and the control; To the doxorubicin, combining FTC and P-gp, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than the control and difference was significant (P<. 05), In contrast, FTC and P-gp did not appear similar case when used alone; To the 5-FU, when PGP used, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than that in the control and difference was significant (P<0. 05), In con- trast, FTC and FTC+P-gp did not appear similar case; To the paclitaxel, when P-gp or FTC+P-gp used, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than that in the control and difference was significant(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION ABCG2 may lead to drug resistance mainly by changing the ability of cell in accumulating and discharging chemotherapy drugs. P-gp has other way. P-gp and ABCG2 play different roles in different drug resistance.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B ; metabolism ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Mitoxantrone ; pharmacology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology

Objective: To study the biological characteristics of tumor cells infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing hTNF-?, investigate the antitumor effect of recombinant adenovirus. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line Anip973 was infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing hTNF-?. Cell growth assay, colone formation test, flowcytometry assay and morphology were used to observe the effects on tumor cells. The hTNF-a gene, which was transduced into cancer cells mediated by recombinant adenovirus, was detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis and its products were detected by ELISA assay. The intratumoral injection of rAd-LacZ and rAd-hTNF-? was carried out to evaluate their antitumor effects. Results: The liter of rAd reached 1010 PFU/ml and more than 90% Anip973 cells could be infected by 30MOI rAd. Except the surface structure and ultrastructure of tumor cells infected with rAd had a light change, cell growth abillity assay, colone formation test, flow cytometry assay showed no significant difference compared with that of the control cells. The TNF-? gene expression at 24 h increased greatly. Antitumor study indicated that on the tumor-bearing mice treated with rAd the tumor grew slowly. Tumor volume was significantly smaller and survive time was prolonged than that of controls. Conclusion: There was no significantly changes occurred on tumoral cells after infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing hTNF-?. The intratumoral injection of rAd-LacZ and rAd-hTNF-? could inhibit the growth of solid tumor.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of neck point Bailao injection as main therapy plus acupuncture for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Method Two hundred patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were randomly allocated to treatment (neck point Bailao injection as main therapy plus acupuncture) and control (oral administration of Western medicines, e.g. nonsteroid diclofenac sodium as a main drug and meanwhile, mecobalamin tablets) groups. The therapeutic effects and pre-/post-treatment changes in clinical symptoms and signs, TCM syndrome, pains and numbness were observed in the two groups. Result The total efficacy rate was 86.0%in the treatment group and 75.0%in the control group;there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was higher in the treatment group than in the control group. There were statistically significant differences in pre-/post-treatment clinical symptom and sign score difference values between the treatment and control groups (P<0.01), indicating that the symptoms and signs improved more in the treatment group than in control group. Conclusion Both treatments can improve the clinical symptoms and signs and relieve pains in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, but neck point Bailao injection as main therapy plus acupuncture is more effective than oral administration of Western medicines.

Objective To investigate the combined biological effects of low dose radiation,carbon monoxide,benzene and noise on rats.Methods Sixteen male SD rats were randomly divided into experiment group and control group.The experiment group was exposed to carbon monoxide,benzene,low dose radiation and noise daily,the control group was in common environment.Peripheral blood,organ index,and marrow DNA content were detected.Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed on serum protein analysis.Differential expressed proteins were identified by a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MAIDI-TOF-MS).Results Compared to control group,the liver index,spleen index,thymus index,leukocytes,platelets count,and marrow DNA content of the experiment group were decreased significantly (t =2.732,4.141,3.053,2.211,2.668,11.592,P ＜0.05).12 altered proteins were detected and through identification,3 proteins were definite in terms of serum amyloid A-4 protein (SAA4),trichoplein keratin filament-binding protein (TCHP) and tubulin alpha-4A chain (TUBA4A).Conclusions The hematopoietic system and immune system of rats are damaged significantly with the changes of several serum protein expressions by the combined exposure of low dose radiation,carbon monoxide,benzene and noise.This study may provide new information for the mechanism of the combination effects.

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trophocytes,in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Methods Sixty-one pregnant women who were hospitalized in Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University from January to December 2015 were recruited.Thirty-one women who were diagnosed as ICP were defined as the ICP group and 30 healthy pregnant women were defined as the control group.The localization and expression intensity of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP-78) in placental tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry technique.Electronic microscope was used to observe ultra-microstructure change of the endoplasmic reticulum in trophocytes and cell line Swan71.Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot were used to investigate the expression of GRP-78 mRNA and protein in Swan 71 cell.Results (1) GRP-78 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts.The protein expression of GRP-78 in placentas of the ICP group (13.2±2.4) was significantly higher than that in the control group (7.8±1.3,P＜0.01).(2) The volume of endoplasmie reticulum did not increase and the microvilli developed well,with no swelling and no expansion of endoplasmic reticulum in the control group.In the ICP group,microvilli injury,endoplasmic reticulum edema were found;the volume of endoplasmic reticulum increased,with dilation,vacuolation and significant degranulation.After treated with 100 μmol/L cholyglycine for 24 hours,universal dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum were seen in the Swan71 cells.(3) In Swan71 cells,cholylglycine displayed a concentration-dependent up-regulation on the expression of GRP-78.The expressions of GRP-78 mRNA in 0,25,50,100 μmol/L cholylglycine experimental group were 1.01±0.17,2.17±0.16,5.47±0.36,5.65 ± 0.82,respectively.The expression of GRP-78 protein in 0,25,50,100 μmol/L cholylglycine experimental group were 1.01±0.04,1.17±0.15,1.33±0.13,1.73±0.13,respectively.The expression of GRP-78 mRNA and protein in 100 and 50 μ mol/L cholylglycine experimental group were significantly higher than 0 μmol/L (all P＜0.01).Conclusion The obvious expansion of endoplasmic reticulum and the increased expression of GRP-78 in trophocytes indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress of trophocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of ICP.

Objective·To describe the level of multiple symptom distress and physical activity in children and adolescents with cancer,analyze symptom distress profiles,and explicit the relationship between latent profiles and physical activity.Methods·From November 2021 to March 2023,the convenient sample method was used to recruit children and adolescents with cancer aged 10-18 years old,who had been treated for more than 1 month in the Departments of Hematology/Oncology,Shanghai Children's Medical Center and Xin Hua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.The questionnaires,including General Information Questionnaire,Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 10-18(MSAS 10-18)and Modified Chinese Version of Children's Leisure Time Activities Study Survey(CLASS-C),were used.Latent profile analysis was used to identify whether the level of multiple symptom distress in children and adolescents with cancer was population heterogeneity and its explicit characteristics.Whether there were differences in physical activity levels among different profiles of symptom distress was also analyzed.Results· A total of 165 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 91.7％.The symptom distress scores of the top five occurrence rates of symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer were lack of energy with a median of 1(1,2)point,nausea 1(1,2)point,lack of appetite 2(2,3)points,sweat 1(1,2)point,and pain 1(1,2)point.The physical activity level of the patients was mainly light,with a median of 2 530.00(1 577.50,3 721.00)min/week,and moderate to vigorous physical activity was relatively lower[70.00(10.00,197.50)min/week].The patients with cancer could be divided into two latent profiles:"high fatigue-high nausea-high hair loss-high sleepy"and"high fatigue-low nausea-low vomiting-low sleepy",which were named as high symptom distress(n=47,30.6％)and low symptom distress(n=l 18,69.4％)separately.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were more likely to be classified as high symptom distress group,and outpatients in the latest hospital visit were more likely to classified as low symptom distress group(both P＜0.05).In addition,patients with high symptom distress had a higher level of light physical activity(P＜0.05),and had a lower level of moderate to vigorous physical activity,but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion·There is population heterogeneity in the multiple symptom distress in children and adolescents with cancer.Disease type(acute leukemia)and the way of the latest hospital visit(through outpatient department)are the predictors of symptoms profiles of patients with cancer.Patients who experience high symptom distress have higher level of light physical activity,and perhaps lower level of moderate to vigorous physical activity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of macrophages (MCs) on the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). MethodsA total of 24 C57BL/6N mice were used to obtain MCs by peritoneal irrigation, and the supernatant was collected to obtain the conditioned medium of MCs (MC-CDM). Activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and fibroblast growth factor were used to induce the differentiation of mouse iPSCs into HPCs. The differentiation of HPCs were randomly divided into control group (normal medium) and experimental group (MC group; use of MC-CDM medium on day 5 of induction). Morphology, immunofluorescence assay, and Western blot were used to compare the morphology of HPCs and the expression of related proteins between the control group and the MC group. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. ResultsHPCs derived from iPSCs were established in vitro, and HPCs had the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence assay showed that compared with the D12 control group, the D12 MC group had a significant increase in the protein expression of the HPC-specific protein CK19 (0.901±0.072 vs 0.686±0.097, t=-3.093, P＜0.05). Western blot showed that compared with the D12 control group, the D12 MC group had a significant increase in the protein expression of the HPC-related protein CK19 (1.922±0.103 vs 1.448±0.012, t =-7.881, P ＜005), as well as a significant increase in the protein expression of the autophagy-related protein LC3 (1.392±0.042 vs 1.101±0048, t =-5.978, P＜005). ConclusionMCs can promote the differentiation of mouse iPSCs into HPCs, possibly by increasing the autophagy level of HPCs.

Objective:To assess possible risk factors and their respective levels in the whole process of investigator initiated trial(IIT)projects proposed in the proposal stage, for reference in formulation of risk management plans.Methods:Through literature analysis and research group discussions, the risk factors of IIT projects and risk level assessment criteria were preliminarily identified, and a consultation questionnaire was developed as a result. Delphi method was used to further optimize the risk factors and determine their risk levels. Data obtained from the consulfation were analysied by descriptive.Results:The recovery rates of two rounds of expert consultation were both 100%, and the degree of expert authority was 0.942. The survey finalized 38 risk factors, including extremely high risk, high risk, medium risk, low risk and very low risk factors of 17(44.7%), 15(39.5%), 3(7.9%), 2(5.3%) and 1(2.6%) respectively.Conclusions:This study determined a risk evaluation system of IIT projects in the proposal stage. This system can identify risks of IIT projects at an early stage, facilitating early intervention of problems existing in such projects, and minimize risks to the rights and safety of patients.