Objective This study aims to understand the characteristics of the time sequence of ICR mouse first mandibular molar tooth germ development through dynamic observation.Methods Tooth germ of Embryos (E11.5,E12.5,E13.5,E14.5,E15.5,E16.5,E17.5 and E18.5) and postnatal (PN1,PN2) mice were obtained.The heads (E11.5-E15.5) and mandibles (E16.5-PN2) of mice were dissected,fixed and embedded for serial sections and HE staining.All the results were assessed under light microscopy.Results The tooth germ underwent various development stages including the bud,cap and bell stages.Mouse odontogenesis was initiated at E11.5.Proliferation of oral epithelium formed the bud stage at E13.5.Then the cap stage was observed at E14.5-E15.5 and the bell stage was appeared beginning from E16.5.The pre-dentin was observed at PN1,as well as the dentin at PN2.Conclusions Establishing the regular development pattern of the first mandibular molar of ICR mice will provide a reliable basis for the future use in the specific tooth germ developmental research.

Objective To compare the difference among DNA damages in physics processes caused by protons with different energies around Bragg peak.Methods By constructing the nucleus and DNA model using Geant4 and simulating the transportation processes of protons with different energies around Bragg peak in nucleus model based on Geant4-DNA,the information of interaction points were recorded.16％ of them were picked randomly to use as the points at which protons interact with DNA.After finding out the points which broke the DNA and writing their information to new files,these new files were treated with density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN),so as to analyze and calculate the difference of DNA damages caused by protons with different energies.Results With the protons with energies from 20.0 to 0.6 MeV,the numbers of damage points and damage clusters increased from 49.86 to 549.88 and from 2.92 to 82.46,respectively;the numbers of clusters with different sizes had a remarkable increase,and the number of clusters with size not less than 5 increased by 400 times.The average cluster size increased slightly.Simple single strand breaks (SSSBs),complex single strand breaks (CSSBs),simple double strand breaks (SDSBs) and complex double strand breaks (CDSBs) of DNA increased by about 8,26,24 and 64 times,respectively.The proportion of single strand breaks (SSBs) decreased from 96.69％ to 89.37％,and the double strand breaks (DSBs) increased from 3.31％ to 10.63％.Conclusions The lower proton energy would result in the more complex damage to DNA and the harder repair of DNA damage.

Objective To investigate the psychological experiences of young uremic patients during different periods waiting for renal donor .Methods The phenomenology study method was adopted to conduct the semi-structure interviews in young uremic patients waiting for renal donor .Results The four themes were summarized:(1) having hope at the early stage (0—6 months);(2) ineffective coping at the middle stage(7—12 months);(3)uncertainty at the late stage(13—24 months);(4)serious negative emo-tion(more than 2 years) .Conclusion The young uremic patients patients waiting for renal donors have complex and changeable psychological experience .Medical staff should provide the pertinent professional support for promoting the living quality of patients by aiming at the psychological characteristics in young uremic patients .

Objective To evaluate the value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) technique in differential diagnosis of renal tumors.Methods Totally 86 patients with 86 renal tumors underwent conventional ultrasound and ultrasound with ARFI technique.The shear wave velocity (SWV),virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) score between tumors and the surrounding renal parenchyma,benign and malignant tumors were compared.Results In 86 patients with renal tumors,32 cases were renal benign tumors and all them were angiomyolipomas (AML),54 cases were renal malignant tumors,inculding 26 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC),8 cases of renal color cell carcinoma (cRCC),5 cases of renal papillary carcinoma (pRCC),15 cases of invasive urothelial carcinoma (IUC).The difference of SWV and VTI scores between lesions and the surrounding renal parenchyma were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The SWV and VTI score renal benign tumors were lower than those of malignant tumors (both P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve with SWV＞1.37 m/s or VTI score＞3.83 to distinguish benign and malignant renal tumors were 0.898,0.847,sensitivity were 88.9％,83.3％,specificity were 84.4％,78.1％,respectively (P＜0.05).Among renal malignant tumors,SWV and VTI score of ccRCC significantly higher than those of other malignant tumors,and the area under the ROC curve with SWV＞2.06 m/s or VTI score＞4.31 to distinguish ccRCC and other renal malignant renal tumors were 0.766,0.729,sensitivity were 65.4％,57.7％,specificity was 82.1％,78.6％,respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusion ARFI has important value in differential diagnosis of renal tumors,and can help to distinguish ccRCC with other renal malignant tumors.

Objective Applyingthe traditional Chinese medical knowledge service and sharing system, to explore the medication rules of ankylosing spondylitis in the medical records.Methods The ankylosing spondylitis medical records in the traditional chinese medical knowledge service and sharing system has been searched and 149 prescriptions were identified. The medication frequency, association rules, herbal combination and the cluster analyses were explored.Results Among the 149 prescriptions with 210 drugs, the use of high frequency drugs wereGouji, Baishao, Danggui, Duzhong, Weilingxian, and other medication whose frequency was more than 20 times were good at tonifying liver and kidney, activating blood circulation, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, dispelling cold and removing dampness. The high frequency of drug combinations included Sangjisheng and Gouji, Duzhong and Gouji, Baishao and Gouji, Guizhi and Baishao, Gancao and Danggui.Conclusions The treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with Chinese medicine is mainly based on tonifying liver and kidney, supplemented with drugs for warming Kidney Yang, dispelling cold and dehumidification, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, dispelling wind and cold.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of MDR1 (P-gp) and ABCG2 on the drug resistance in Hep 2 cells. METHOD: Flow cytometry was used to detect the variations of the antitumor drugs accumulation and discharging, and activity variations when MDR1 and ABCG2 inhibitors were used in Hep-2. RESULT: The accumulation and discharging of mitoxantrone was significantly higher than the control group when ABCG2 inhibitor FTC was used in Hep-2 (P<0. 05). In contrast, P-gp did not appear similar case; To the mitoxantrone and cisplatin, there was no statistical correlation about activity of Hep-2 between P-gp or ABCG2 antagonist and the control; To the doxorubicin, combining FTC and P-gp, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than the control and difference was significant (P<. 05), In contrast, FTC and P-gp did not appear similar case when used alone; To the 5-FU, when PGP used, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than that in the control and difference was significant (P<0. 05), In con- trast, FTC and FTC+P-gp did not appear similar case; To the paclitaxel, when P-gp or FTC+P-gp used, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than that in the control and difference was significant(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION ABCG2 may lead to drug resistance mainly by changing the ability of cell in accumulating and discharging chemotherapy drugs. P-gp has other way. P-gp and ABCG2 play different roles in different drug resistance.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B ; metabolism ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Mitoxantrone ; pharmacology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the potential mechanism of Fasudil hydrochloride pharmacologic postconditioning that alleviated acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats,narrowed the scope of infacted myocardium,and inhibited cell apoptosis.Methods Ninety rats were randomly and averagely divided into 5 groups:sham group,ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group,ischemic postconditioning (IPost) group,fasudil hydrochloride (FH) group,and FH and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) (FH + I) group.The expressions of Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase-1 (ROCK-1),Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,Akt,and P-Akt in rat myocardial cells were determined.Results Compared to I/R group (ROCK1:2.94 ± 0.13),ROCK1 expression was not changed in IPost group (ROCK1:2.79 ± 0.11),FH group (ROCK1:2.83 ± 0.10),and FH + I group (ROCK1:2.85 ± 0.26).Compared to I/R group (Bcl-2:1.11 ± 0.12,P-Akt:1.09 ± 0.06,Bax:1.74 ± 0.06,and caspase-3:1.32 ± 0.12),the expressions of Bcl-2 and P-Akt in FH group (Bcl-2:1.76 ± 0.08,and P-Akt:1.73 ± 0.05) and IPost group (Bcl-2:1.74 ± 0.06,and P-Akt:1.37 ± 0.05) were all significantly higher than those in I/R group (P ＜ 0.05),while the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 in FH group (Bax:0.98 ±0.14,and caspase-3:0.97 ±0.06) and IPost group (Bax:0.97 ±0.11,and caspase-3:1.07 ±0.08) were all significantly lower than those in I/R group (P ＜0.05).Compared to FH group,the expressions of Bcl-2 and P-Akt in FH + I group (Bcl2:1.05 ±0.12,and P-Akt:1.21 ±0.06) were decreased (P ＜0.05),while the levels of Bax and caspase-3 (Bax:1.61 ±0.11,and caspase-3:1.42 ± 0.11) were increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The mechanism of FH postconditioning was associated with the inhibition of ROCK activity,and the activation of PI3K-Akt pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chaenomeles speciosa total extract shikimic acid(SA) on the degranulation of compound 48/80(C48/80) stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells and the anti-inflammatory.Methods: Qualitative analysis of shikimic acid in the total extract of Chaenomeles speciosa by high performance liquid phase;RPMC were identified by toluidine blue,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy;CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of RPMC in each concentration group.The release rate of β-hexosidase was determined by substrate method.The content of histamine in supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results: SA had no significant effect on the growth of RPMC at the concentration of 0-90 μg/ml.Compared with the positive control group,SA could effectively inhibit the release of β-hexosidase and inhibit the secretion of histamine.Conclusion: SA inhibits the release of histamine in inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the degranulation of RPMC stimulated by C48/80,and then exerts anti-inflammatory effects.

Purpose To investigate the relationship of infundibular bladder neck formation with pelvic floor support structure injury and urethral sphincter defect and its significance in female stress urinary incontinence.Materials and Methods The pelvic floor images of seventy-four female patients with stress urinary incontinence treated in the outpatient Department of Lanzhou University Second Hospital from April 2015 to August 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.The location of the bladder neck,posterior vesicourethral angle and the infundibular bladder neck formation were observed by the transperineal ultrasound under the resting state and the maximum Valsalva status.Meanwhile the thickness of middle urethral sphincter was measured under resting state.At the same time,eighty-one women visiting our hospital for regular physical examination were enrolled as control group.Results The infundibular urinary bladder neck formation rate (66.2％) in the stress urinary incontinence group was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.9％) under maximum Valsalva state,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The extent of the bladder neck descending and posterior vesicourethral angle in the stress urinary incontinence group were notably higher than those in the control group,both of the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Stress urinary incontinence was confirmed with urethral sphincter defect by urodynamics in nine patients,in whom the infundibular bladder neck occurred.The thickness of the middle urethral sphincter in these nine patients showed no obvious difference with that in patients without sphincter defect and subjects in normal control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The infundibular bladder neck formation,which is closely related to the pelvic floor support structure dysfunction and urethral sphincter defect,is an important indication of stress urinary incontinence.However,the assessment of urethral sphincter defect through urethral sphincter thickness need to be further studied.

Objective To study the immunologic mechanism of electroacupuncture at Sanyin points on chronic abacterial prostatitis rats. Methods Forty-eight male rats were divided randomly into normal group, model group, drug group and electroacupuncture group, 12 rats in each group. The animal model was made by SC purified prostate protein twice with immunologic adjuvant, and the rats in electroacupuncture group and drug group were treated by electroacupuncture at Sanyin points and feeding Cernilton for 15 days. The changes of prostate weight, index, pathology and contents of IgG, expressions of IL-2 and IL-8 in prostate homogenate were observed. Results Compared with normal group, the prostate weight and index were significantly increased in model group (P<0.05), the content of IgG was significantly increased (P<0.05), cytokine IL-2 and IL-8 were highly expressed (P<0.05, P<0.01), prostate tissue’s morphology and structure were significantly impaired in model group. Compared with model group, the prostate weight and index were significantly decreased in electroacupuncture group after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), pathological changes reduced significantly, the content of IgG decreased significantly (P<0.05), the expressions of cytokine IL-2 and IL-8 were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the pathological manifestation of chronic inflammation was significantly improved. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Sanyin points can reduce the secretion of local prostate antibody IgG, regulate the expression of cytokine IL-2 and IL-8, protect the morphology and structure of prostate tissue from damage. Electroacupuncture at Sanyin points can adjust local immunologic function and promote the recovery of prostate.