Objective To investigate the effects of periodontitis induced by Prevotella nigrescens(Pn)combined with ligation on cognitive functions in mice.Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group,ligation group,and ligation+Pn treatment(P+Pn)group.Experimental periodontitis was induced by silk ligation of the first molars followed by topical application of Pn for 6 weeks.After modeling,alveolar bone resorption was assessed using micro-CT and histological analysis.Learning and memory abilities of the mice were evaluated using open field test(OFT),novel object recognition test(NORT),and Morris water maze test(MWM).Seven weeks after the start of modeling,the mice were sacrificed for examining histopathological changes in the hippocampus using HE and Nissl staining.Results After 6 weeks of molar ligation,micro-CT revealed horizontal alveolar bone resorption and furcation exposure in the mice,and histological analysis showed apical migration of the junctional epithelium,epithelial ridge hyperplasia,and lymphocyte infiltration,and these changes were obviously worsened in P+Pn group.Alveolar bone height decreased significantly in both ligation groups compared to the control group.Cognitive tests showed that the mice in both of the ligation groups traveled shorter distances in OFT,showed reduced novel object preference in NORT,and exhibited longer escape latencies in MWM,and the mice in P+Pn group had significantly poorer performances in the tests.Histologically,obvious neuronal cytoplasmic degeneration,necrosis,nuclear pyknosis,vacuolation,and reduced Nissl bodies and viable neurons were observed in the hippocampal regions of the mice in the two ligation groups.Conclusion Pn infection aggravates alveolar bone destruction,accelerates necrosis and causes morphological abnormalities of neuronal cells in the hippocampus to reduce cognitive functions of mice with periodontitis.

Objective To compare the short-term efficacy and safety of transanal natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(Ta-NOSES)and conventional laparoscopic surgery in left-sided colon cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 35 patients with left-sided colon cancer admitted to the anorectal department of the hospital from January 2018 to December 2019.According to the different surgical methods,the patients were divided into experimental group(15 cases)and control group(20 cases).The observation group underwent Ta-NOSES,and the control group underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery.The perioperative related indicators,postoperative complications,postoperative pain scores,postoperative defecation control,short-term postoperative quality of life scores and 5-year postoperative follow-up of the two groups of patients were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss,stoma status and the number of lymph node dissections between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).Moreover,no permanent stoma occurred in either group of patients.The operation time of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group,the first time to get out of bed and move around,the time of the first anal exhaust,the time of the first diet intake and the hospital stay were shorter than those of the control group,the hospitalization cost was significantly lower than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).On 1 and 3 days after operation,the VAS scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group.At 3 days after operation,the VAS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those at 1 day after operation,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative Kirwan anal function grading between two groups of patients(P<0.05),with the experimental group having a better grading(higher proportion of grade Ⅰ),the control group had poor grading(with a higher proportion of grades Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ).There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).The scores of each item on the Short Form-36(SF-36)in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group at 10 and 20 days after surgery(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of each item on the SF-36 between the two groups at 30 days after surgery(P>0.05).The distant recurrence rate after surgery in the experimental group was 26.7％,compared with 25.0％in the control group,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).There were no tumor recurrence cases with the original incision site,rectal and intestinal cavity,pelvic cavity and other specimen removal routes in both groups.The 5-year survival rate of the experimental group was 73.3％,which was not statistically significantly different from that of the control group(70.0％)(P>0.05).Conclusion Ta-NOSES in the treatment of left-sided colon cancer can alleviate postoperative pain compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery,promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function,improve the utilization rate of medical resources,reduce the economic burden of patients,improve the short-term quality of life after surgery,and does not increase the risks of postoperative complications and tumor metastasis and recurrence.It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To investigate the stiffness of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon complex at different ankle joint an-gles and its correlation with foot arch morphology in healthy subjects using shear wave elastography(SWE).Method:Forty healthy subjects were recruited and divided into standard,low-arch,and high-arch groups based on arch height index under load(AHIload).The arch stiffness index was calculated from both loaded and non-loaded arch height.The stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius,lateral gastrocnemius,and achilles tendon were measured by SWE at natural and neutral ankle positions.Result:The stiffness of medial gastrocnemius increased in the low-arch group at the neutral position compared with the high-arch group(P=0.021).The correlation coefficients between the stiffness of medial and lateral gas-trocnemius and the arch stiffness index were 0.355 and 0.484,respectively.The correlation coefficients be-tween passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion were ﹣0.331 for the medial gastrocnemius and ﹣0.276 for the lateral gastrocnemius.The medial and lateral gastrocnemius stiffness at the natural position did not change with arch height(P>0.05).The stiffness of the achilles tendon at any ankle position showed no significant cor-relation with arch height,arch stiffness index,or passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion(P>0.05).Conclusion:Individuals with low arches exhibited higher medial gastrocnemius stiffness.Increased arch stiff-ness and decreased passive ankle dorsiflexion were associated with higher medial gastrocnemius stiffness.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of periodontitis induced by Prevotella nigrescens (Pn) combined with ligation on cognitive functions in mice. METHODS: Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, ligation group, and ligation + Pn treatment (P+Pn) group. Experimental periodontitis was induced by silk ligation of the first molars followed by topical application of Pn for 6 weeks. After modeling, alveolar bone resorption was assessed using micro-CT and histological analysis. Learning and memory abilities of the mice were evaluated using open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NORT), and Morris water maze test (MWM). Seven weeks after the start of modeling, the mice were sacrificed for examining histopathological changes in the hippocampus using HE and Nissl staining. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of molar ligation, micro-CT revealed horizontal alveolar bone resorption and furcation exposure in the mice, and histological analysis showed apical migration of the junctional epithelium, epithelial ridge hyperplasia, and lymphocyte infiltration, and these changes were obviously worsened in P+Pn group. Alveolar bone height decreased significantly in both ligation groups compared to the control group. Cognitive tests showed that the mice in both of the ligation groups traveled shorter distances in OFT, showed reduced novel object preference in NORT, and exhibited longer escape latencies in MWM, and the mice in P+Pn group had significantly poorer performances in the tests. Histologically, obvious neuronal cytoplasmic degeneration, necrosis, nuclear pyknosis, vacuolation, and reduced Nissl bodies and viable neurons were observed in the hippocampal regions of the mice in the two ligation groups. CONCLUSIONS Pn infection aggravates alveolar bone destruction, accelerates necrosis and causes morphological abnormalities of neuronal cells in the hippocampus to reduce cognitive functions of mice with periodontitis.
Animals ; Periodontitis/microbiology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cognition ; Alveolar Bone Loss ; Hippocampus/pathology* ; Male ; Inflammation ; Maze Learning

Objective To compare the short-term efficacy and safety of transanal natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(Ta-NOSES)and conventional laparoscopic surgery in left-sided colon cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 35 patients with left-sided colon cancer admitted to the anorectal department of the hospital from January 2018 to December 2019.According to the different surgical methods,the patients were divided into experimental group(15 cases)and control group(20 cases).The observation group underwent Ta-NOSES,and the control group underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery.The perioperative related indicators,postoperative complications,postoperative pain scores,postoperative defecation control,short-term postoperative quality of life scores and 5-year postoperative follow-up of the two groups of patients were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss,stoma status and the number of lymph node dissections between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).Moreover,no permanent stoma occurred in either group of patients.The operation time of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group,the first time to get out of bed and move around,the time of the first anal exhaust,the time of the first diet intake and the hospital stay were shorter than those of the control group,the hospitalization cost was significantly lower than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).On 1 and 3 days after operation,the VAS scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group.At 3 days after operation,the VAS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those at 1 day after operation,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative Kirwan anal function grading between two groups of patients(P<0.05),with the experimental group having a better grading(higher proportion of grade Ⅰ),the control group had poor grading(with a higher proportion of grades Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ).There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).The scores of each item on the Short Form-36(SF-36)in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group at 10 and 20 days after surgery(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of each item on the SF-36 between the two groups at 30 days after surgery(P>0.05).The distant recurrence rate after surgery in the experimental group was 26.7％,compared with 25.0％in the control group,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).There were no tumor recurrence cases with the original incision site,rectal and intestinal cavity,pelvic cavity and other specimen removal routes in both groups.The 5-year survival rate of the experimental group was 73.3％,which was not statistically significantly different from that of the control group(70.0％)(P>0.05).Conclusion Ta-NOSES in the treatment of left-sided colon cancer can alleviate postoperative pain compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery,promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function,improve the utilization rate of medical resources,reduce the economic burden of patients,improve the short-term quality of life after surgery,and does not increase the risks of postoperative complications and tumor metastasis and recurrence.It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To investigate the stiffness of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon complex at different ankle joint an-gles and its correlation with foot arch morphology in healthy subjects using shear wave elastography(SWE).Method:Forty healthy subjects were recruited and divided into standard,low-arch,and high-arch groups based on arch height index under load(AHIload).The arch stiffness index was calculated from both loaded and non-loaded arch height.The stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius,lateral gastrocnemius,and achilles tendon were measured by SWE at natural and neutral ankle positions.Result:The stiffness of medial gastrocnemius increased in the low-arch group at the neutral position compared with the high-arch group(P=0.021).The correlation coefficients between the stiffness of medial and lateral gas-trocnemius and the arch stiffness index were 0.355 and 0.484,respectively.The correlation coefficients be-tween passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion were ﹣0.331 for the medial gastrocnemius and ﹣0.276 for the lateral gastrocnemius.The medial and lateral gastrocnemius stiffness at the natural position did not change with arch height(P>0.05).The stiffness of the achilles tendon at any ankle position showed no significant cor-relation with arch height,arch stiffness index,or passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion(P>0.05).Conclusion:Individuals with low arches exhibited higher medial gastrocnemius stiffness.Increased arch stiff-ness and decreased passive ankle dorsiflexion were associated with higher medial gastrocnemius stiffness.

Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swal-lowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evalua-tion and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of ex-perts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evalua-tion and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.

Background In recent years, regional high-temperature weather in summer occurs frequently in China. Heat stroke is the most representative meteorological disease caused by high temperature. In order to improve monitoring, early warning, prevention, and control of heat stroke, it is of great significance to understand the epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke and the associated impact of heatwave. Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke cases in Jinan City, and to explore the effects of heatwave exposure on heat stroke. Methods Case reports of heat stroke and daily data of meteorological factors in Jinan City from 2017 to 2022 were collected. We described the temporal, population, and regional distribution characteristics of heat stroke cases in Jinan City, and used a time-stratified case-crossover design combined with conditional logistic regression model to explore the effects of heatwave exposure on heat stroke under 12 heatwave definitions (different combinations of intensity and duration). The cut-off percentiles used for heatwave definitions were the 90th (P₉₀), 95th (P₉₅), 97.5th (P_97.5), and 99th (P₉₉) percentiles of daily mean temperature; the durations were ≥ 2 d, ≥ 3 d, and ≥ 4 d, respectively. P_i(k), where i is temperature threshold, and k is duration. For example, the definition of a heatwave was notated as P₉₀(2), indicating that the daily mean temperature is ≥ P₉₀ and lasts for ≥ 2 d. Alternatively, lag01 denotes the cumulative lag effect with a 1 d lag, and so on. Results A total of 1394 cases of heat stroke were reported in Jinan City from 2017 to 2022, including 581 mild cases and 813 severe cases, and 85 deaths were reported, with a cumulative fatality rate of 6.10%. The cases of heat stroke reported each year during the study period were concentrated from June to August and peaked in July (665 cases, 47.70%). The sex ratio of males to females in heat stroke cases was 2.02:1. A high incidence of heat stroke was in 50-89 years, with a smaller peak occurring in the age group of 50-59 years and a larger peak in the age group of 70-79 years, respectively. The high-incidence areas of heat stroke were distributed in the western part of Jinan City where city centers situated (Tianqiao District, 274 cases, 19.66%; Huaiyin District, 223 cases, 16.00%) and in the surrounding rural areas (Pingyin County, 254 cases, 18.22%). The effect of heatwave exposure on heat stroke was statistically significant during the study period. The largest effect estimates for the effect on heat stroke occurred under the heatwave definitions of P₉₉(2), P_97.5(3), and P_97.5(4) at lag04, lag03, and lag04, where corresponding OR (95%CI) values were 9.27 (4.71, 14.24), 8.95 (6.17, 12.98), and 8.22 (4.91, 13.78), respectively. The exposure-response curve showed that the risk of heat stroke tended to increase with the increase of average daily temperature. Conclusion July is the key period for the occurrence of heat stroke among Jinan City residents, while male cases are predominant, more serious cases, age concentration in the 50-89 years. The occurrence of heatwave can further increase the risk of heat stroke with a significant lag effect.

ObjectiveSerum metabolomics of acute lung injury（ALI） in rats was conducted using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） to explore the similarities and differences in the mechanism of Qingqiao（harvested when the fruits of Forsythiae Fructus were initially ripe and still green in color） and Laoqiao（harvested when the fruits of Forsythiae Fructus were ripe） in the treatment of ALI. MethodA total of 24 SD male rats were acclimatized and fed for 1 week， 6 of them were randomly selected for the blank group and 18 for the experimental group. The ALI model was induced in the experimental group by tracheal intubation with lipopolysaccharide（LPS）. After successfully constructing the ALI model， these rats was randomly divided into model group， Qingqiao group and Laoqiao group， with 6 rats in each group. The Qingqiao and Laoqiao groups were administered orally once a day at a dose of 1.5 g·kg^-1， while the blank and model groups received an equivalent volume of saline for 3 consecutive days. The pathological conditions of rat lung tissues were comprehensively assessed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， wet-to-dry mass ratio（W/D） of lung tissues， and protein concentration in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF）. The levels of interleukin（IL）-6， IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α in BALF were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify and analyze the chemical compositions of Qingqiao and Laoqiao， and serum metabolomics of rats in each group was analyzed， combined with multivariate statistical analysis with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1， P<0.05 from t-test， and fold change（FC）≥1.5 or FC≤0.5 to screen the differential metabolites Qingqiao and Laoqiao for the treatment of ALI. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database was used in combination with MetaboAnalyst for the metabolic pathway analysis of the screened differential metabolites. ResultCompared with the blank group， rats in the model group exhibited enlarged alveolar lumen， ruptured alveoli， interstitial hemorrhage， bronchial exudation of a large number of neutrophils and erythrocytes， and a significant increase in the protein concentration in the BALF and the W/D value of the lung tissues（P<0.01）. In contrast， compared with the model group， rats in the Qingqiao group and the Laoqiao group showed reduced bronchial hemorrhage in the lungs， and the protein concentration in the BALF and the W/D value of the lung tissues were significantly decreased（P<0.01）， the lung injury was significantly alleviated， but more obvious in the Qingqiao group. Compared with the blank group， the expression levels of IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α in the BALF of the model group were significantly higher（P<0.01）. Additionally， compared with the model group， the expression levels of IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α in the Qingqiao and Laoqiao groups were significantly lower（P<0.01）. The chemical composition analysis of Qingqiao and Laoqiao revealed that 63 components were detected in Qingqiao and 55 components were detected in Laoqiao， with 47 common components， 16 components unique to Qingqiao and 8 components unique to Laoqiao. Characterizing the differences in serum metabolomics in rats， 19 and 12 metabolites were called back by Qingqiao and Laoqiao， respectively. The metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that Qingqiao exerted its therapeutic effects by affecting 6 key metabolic pathways， including linoleic acid metabolism， phenylalanine metabolism， phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis， glycerophospholipid metabolism， α-linolenic acid metabolism， and arachidonic acid metabolism， and Laoqiao exerted therapeutic effects by affecting 6 key metabolic pathways， including linoleic acid metabolism， arachidonic acid metabolism， sphingolipid metabolism， phenylalanine metabolism， ascorbate and aldarate metabolism， and glycerophospholipid metabolism. ConclusionQingqiao and Laoqiao have therapeutic effects on ALI， and Qingqiao is more effective. Both of them can play a therapeutic role in ALI by regulating amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism， but the metabolic pathways affected by them are different.

Breast cancer is one of the major cancers affecting women globally. Although the five-year survival rate is very high, it is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths. Surgery, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy are the three pillars of radical treatment of breast cancer. However, for breast cancer patients who have undergone initial radiotherapy, many experience relapse or develop secondary cancers in the previously treated areas. These patients need to be treated again, and re-irradiation and hyperthermia are important treatment methods for recurrent breast cancer. Radiotherapy can be combined with local hyperthermia to make tumor cells sensitive to radiation, thereby reducing the required radiation dose. The combination of mild local hyperthermia and re-irradiation with reduced total dose is a treatment option for breast cancer patients who have previously received radiation. The combination of re-irradiation and hyperthermia is currently a hotspot of comprehensive tumor treatment. This article summarizes the research progress on the sequence of recurrent breast cancer and the optimal temperature of hyperthermia in treatment with re-irradiation and hyperthermia. Specifically, this article reviews the definition and type of re-irradiation and hyperthermia, the common radiotherapy methods for various types of recurrent breast cancer, and the effect of radiotherapy, hyperthermia, or their combination on the immune phenotype of tumor cells and its mechanism. Our results provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the optimal efficacy of re-irradiation combined with hyperthermia in treating recurrent breast cancer.