Objective:To evaluate the curative effect and safety of fasudil hydrochloride injection in the prevention and treatment of aneurysm postoperative cerebral vasospasm by meta-analysis. Methods: The randomized controlled trials were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, VIP, Wangfang, CNKI and so on. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5. 0 software. Results:Totally 418 reference studies were screened, from which 11 ones were chosen including 786 patients in all. In the treatment of cerebral vasospasm (CVS), there was no significant difference between the groups (OR=1. 56, 95%CI:0. 95-2. 58, P>0. 05). While in the prevention of CVS, the incidence rate of CVS in fasudil group was significantly lower than that in nimodipine group ( OR=0. 43, 95%CI:0. 23-0. 81, P=0. 008). However, the incidence rate of ADR in fasudile group was higher than that in nimodipine group (OR=0. 43, 95%CI:0. 25-0. 75,P=0. 003). Conclusion:In the prevention of CVS, fasudil may be better than nimodipine, while the incidence of ADR is higher.

BACKGROUND:Whether determination of tacrolimus blood concentration by different immunoassay methods can influence predictive ability to immunosuppressive effects and toxicity, and whether it can be more sensitive to reflect blood concentration in patients with renal dysfunction are worthy of studying.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation of tacrolimus (FK506) concentrations determined by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in combination with renal function parameters.
METHODS:133 clinical blood samples were col ected. EMIT and ELISA techniques were used to determine the FK506 concentration. The correlation of two determination methods were analyzed, combined with renal function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In patients with renal dysfunction, the mean results and standard deviation mensurated by ELISA were higher than those by EMIT. For blood concentration in 5-20μg/L by ELISA, the incidence of renal dysfunction occurred less than by EMIT. The overal mean results of blood concentration for two methods appeared no significant difference (r=0.904 5, P>0.05). When the concentration was less than 2.0μg/L, the concentration results by EMIT were higher than those by ELISA (P<0.01). When the concentration was more than 2.0μg/L, there was no significant difference between two determination methods (P>0.05). These findings indicate that EMIT and ELISA has good correlation, which are both suitable for clinical routine determination of plasma concentration. It is not recommended for applying EMIT method to determine low blood concentrations (<2.0μg/L). The reference range of concentration should be compartmentalized depending on combination of determination methods and renal function.

Objective To explore the pharmaceutical care plan of clinical pharmacist for elderly patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency. Methods To develop the therapeutic schedule in cooperation with clinicians through clinical rounds, in order to offer specific pharmaceutical care and further develop individualized care plan during patient ' s hospitalization. Results Clinical pharmacists paid close attention to the indicators and adjusted administration time when the adverse reactions such as lower blood pressure, leukopenia, and deterioration of renal function occurred, and finally avoided further potential adverse reactions. Conclusion The incidence of adverse drug reactions were reduced, the safety and efficacy of drugs used were guaranteed, which can promote rational and effective use of drugs in clinic. The overall quality of healthcare was improved with pharmacist involvement.

Objective To study the relationship between interleukin-6(IL-6) and the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with Dampness-Heat Encumbering the Spleen syndrome and the relationship between overweight and IL-6. Methods The plasma levels of IL-6 were detected by radio immunoassay in 40 patients with the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (Dampness-Heat Encumbering the Spleen syndrome 10 cases and the deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome 10 cases)and 10 healthy adults. The changes of body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were observed and analyzed in each group. Results The level of IL-6 in blood plasma of patients with the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were obviously higher than that in normal group (P< 0.01); IL-6 level in patients with Dampness-Heat Encumbering the Spleen syndrome and overweight were obviously higher than those with the deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome (P< 0.01). Conclusion Interaction between the high level of cytokines and (or) overweight may affect the normal immune function, and promote the development of diabetes, especially in patients with Dampness-Heat Encumbering the Spleen syndrome. The high level of IL-6 may indicate the large possibility of future T2DM and can be considered as a new diagnosis of T2DM syndrome differentiation.

Objective: To discuss the pharmaceutical care experience of clinical pharmacists in the antibacterial agents application in one patient with infection after coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG) . Methods:The clinical pharmacist participated in the treatment of the patient after CABG. According to the relevant laboratory indices and the extent of the infection combined with the vital signs of the patient, the pharmacist formulated and adjusted the anti-infection therapeutic regimen. The therapeutic effects and adverse reactions were observed as well. Results: Safte and high-quality individualized pharmaceutical service was provided to the patient by the pharmaceutical care of the clinical pharmacist in anti-infection treatment. Conclusion:Through the above practice, clinical pharmacists have played a positive role in reasonable using of anti-infective drugs in patients with cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of dabigatran and warfarin respectively used in atrial fibrillation patients after radiofrequency ablation(RFCA). METHODS:Data of 141 nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients,who scheduled for RFCA,were retrospectively analyzed and divided into warfarin group(71 cases)and dabigatran group(70 cases)by different med-ication. Patients in warfarin group should stop warfarin if they took before,then changed to Low molecular weight heparin calcium injection 100 U/kg,subcutaneous injection,taking RFCA when INR was lower than 1.5,stopping low molecular weight heparin 12 h before surgery;Low molecular weight heparin calcium injection 100 U/kg was intravenously injected when surgery;orally tak-ing Warfarin sodium tablet 4.5 mg after 4-6 h,once a day,meanwhile bridged overlapping treated at least 3-5 d with low molecu-lar weight heparin;monitoring once INR every 3 d after surgery,maintaining INR 2.0-3.0,taking warfalin at least 3 months. Pa-tients in dabigatran group stopped taking the anticoagulant drugs when admission,then changed to Dabigatran etexilate capsule 110 mg(age≥70 years old or body mass<60 kg)or 150 mg(age<70 years old or body mass≥60 mg),twice a day;stopping dabig-atran 24 h before surgery,the same medication as warfalin group when surgery;orally taking dabigatran after 6 h,taking at least 3 months. The total mortality rate,incidence of stroke(transient cerebral ischemia,ischemic encephalopathy),peripheral thrombosis rate and incidence of bleeding after 1 and 3 month(s)in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:There were no significant differences in the total mortality rate,incidence of stroke,peripheral thrombosis rate and incidence of bleeding after 1 and 3 month(s) in 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Dabigatran has similar anticoagulant efficacy and safety with warfarin in atrial fibrillation pa-tients after RFCA.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of western routine treatments combined with Tongxinluo capsule for angina pectoris .Methods The randomized controlled trials(RCTs ) of western routine treatments combined with tongxinluo capsule for angina pectoris were collected through searching on computer from the following databases ,CNKI (2000 -2011 ) ,WanFang Data (2000 -2011) ,WeiPu Data(2000-2011) ,PubMed(2000-2011) and manual search relevant journals ,conference papers .Results A total of 11 studies were included and improvement rate of abnormal ECG were estimated in 9 studies and improvement rate of symptoms of angina were estimated in 11 studies .ECG clinical evaluation of the treatment group relative to the control group ,relative risk (RR) value was 1 .40 (95% CI:1 .28‐1 .54) ,P<0 .01 ,symptoms of angina clinical evaluation ,treatment group relative to the control group RR value of 1.25 (95% CI:1 .18‐1 .32) ,P<0 .01 .Only slight gastrointestinal discomfort were found in treatment group .Conclusion Tongxinluo capsule in combination on the basis of conventional western treatment could effectively improve the clinical efficacy and drug safety .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in a community which did not use iodized salt.

METHODSThe survey was conducted in Panshan, Liaoning Province. 1 103 inhabitants aged 14 years or more attended the examinations, which included questionnaire, physical examination and serum analysis. Iodine in the urine and thyroid B ultrasound examination were also conducted.

RESULTSThe prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was 16.3 per thousand and 2.7 per thousand, respectively. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were detected in 37.2 per thousand and 9.1 per thousand of the subjects, respectively. Serum autoantibodies to thyroid were detected in 10.9% of the entire population. The prevalence of goiter was 20.7% (diffuse goiter 16.8% and nodular goiter 3.9%).

CONCLUSIONIn the iodine deficient areas, perhaps autoimmununization is not only related to the development of goiter but is also the main cause of subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Goiter ; epidemiology ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; epidemiology ; Hypothyroidism ; epidemiology ; Iodine ; deficiency ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Residence Characteristics ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Thyroid Diseases ; epidemiology ; immunology ; metabolism ; Thyroid Nodule ; epidemiology

Objective To clarify the effect of iodine intake on serum thyroglobulin (Tg). Methods A 5-year prospective study was conducted in the 3 different iodine intake areas in China [Panshan (miht deficiency) ,Zhangwu (more than adequate) and Huanghua (excess)]. A total of 3 099 people with normal serum levels of Tg in 1999 were followed and 2 448 of these participants were feasible to be observed in 2004 and included in the present study. The serum levels of Tg, thyraglobulin antibody(TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) and TSH, thyroid volume, family and personal histories of thyroid diseases were measured and inquried. The general linear model (GLM) was used to explore the determinants of Tg. Results Among the study population at baseline, serum Tg were significantly different in three areas [7.5 (4.4-13. 1) μg/L at Panshan, 6.8 (3.6-11.2)μg/L at Huanghua, 5.9 (3.2-10.7) μg/L at Zhangwu, P<0.01]. They were associated with age, sex and the rate of positive TgAb, abnormal thyroid volume, abnormal TSH and positive personal history of thyroid diseases, in order to control the effects of confounding factors, the data from 1856 subjects with thyroid-related indexes all in normal range and without personal history of thyroid diseases were analyzed to clarify the effect of iodine intake on Tg. The serum Tg among three areas were significantly different in both 1999 and 2004, they were all increased in 5 years with significant augment (△ Tg) among the three areas[3.1 (-0.2-8.0) μg/L at Panshan, 3.5 (0.5-9.0)μg/L at Huanghua vs 2. 5(0.3-6.1) μg/L at Zhangwu,P<0.01]. The GLM analysis revealed that age, Tg and TSH levels at baseline were the determinants of △Tg in addition to iodine intake. Conclusion Iodine intake is a dominant determinant of serum Tg. Age and TSH should also be considered while indicating iodine intake by serum Tg.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.