Objective:To describe the current situation of gastric lavage operation and put forward measures for improvement by analyzing the clinical characteristics of 294 patients with gastric lavage in Poisoning Treatment Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.Methods:The clinical data of 294 patients with acute poisoning and gastric lavage from 2019 to 2021 were collected and analyzed retrospectively, and the related parameters (poison type, gastric lavage volume, poisoning to gastric lavage time, etc.) of each year were compared.Results:A total of 653 poisoning patients underwent gastric lavage from 2019 to 2021, with an average age of (44.2 ±20.1) years, and 134 (45.6%) were male. The main causes of gastric lavage were pesticide poisoning (52.72%) and drug poisoning (42.86%). The volume of gastric lavage was less than 10 L for 43.8% of patients and 10-20 L for 32.7% of patients. Patients with gastric lavage within 60 min after ingestion of poison accounted for 45.3%, followed by 25.8% within 61-120 min. The in-hospital mortality rate was 17.7%. The common complications of gastric lavage were: the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (55/121, 45.5%), the incidence of aspiration pneumonia (54/140, 38.6%), and the incidences of electrolyte disorder (21% of low potassium, 29% low calcium, and 10.0% low sodium). Compared with the groups in different years, the proportion of gastric lavage in poisoning was 58.85% vs. 46.60% vs. 32.41%, which decreased year by year, with statistical difference ( P <0.05). And there was no difference in the period from ingestion to gastric lavage and gastric lavage fluid volume. There was an increasing trend in poison types between diquat and other insecticides, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions:From 2019 to 2021, the most common causes of acute gastric lavage were pesticide poisoning and drug poisoning, and the proportion of diquat and other pesticides showed an overall upward trend. A majority of the patients (71.1%) had gastric lavage within 2 h, and 76.5% of the patients had less than 20 L gastric lavage fluid. In the future, we will further control the amount of gastric lavage fluid and pay attention to the gastric lavage operation of new insecticide poisoning.

Objective: To determine the effect of gut microbiota on a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and explore the correlation of gut microbiota with behavior and neurotransmitters.Methods: We established a single prolonged stress(SPS)model to examine the pathogenesis of PTSD on rat behavior,gut microbiota,and neurotransmitter levels.Rats were separated into control and model groups,and neurotransmitter levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Then,16 S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the gut microbiota between the control and model groups.Results: Compared with those in the control group,freezing time significantly increased,while number of standing upright,crossing frequency,time spent in the central arena,and total distance traveled were significantly reduced in the model group after exposure to SPS(all P<.05).Meanwhile,serotonin,or 5-hydroxytryptamine,levels in the brain in the model group were significantly lower than those the control group(P=.0332).In addition,changes were observed in the gut microbiota diversity and relative abundances of bacterial phyla,orders,families,and genera in the model group.Especially,changes in Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Cyanobacteria,and Proteobacteria levels were most pronounced after SPS exposure.Correlation analysis showed that the strongest positive correlation was found between Bac-teroidaceae and 5-HT(P =.0009).Moreover,RF32 abundance was the most negatively related to 5-HT(P=.0009),crossing frequency(P=.0007),and total distance(P=.0003).Conclusion: Our results suggest that SPS model rats showed differences in behavior,neurotransmitter levels,and gut microbiota with control rats.Moreover,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Cyanobacteria,and Proteobacteria were most relevant to the exhibited fear-like and anxiety-like behaviors and significant serotonin content reduction in SPS model rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tianxiang capsule on Neurotransmitters and Hormone Level of rats with motion sickness. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, including blank control group, model control group, positive drug control group, low-dose, mid-dose and high-dose Tianxiang capsule groups with the method of random digital table, and every group had 10 mice. Except the normal group, the rats in the other groups were intragastrically pre-administered for 1 hour, and the low, medium and high doses of Tianxiang capsule were 0.91, 1.82, 3.64 g/kg, the positive drug control group was given scopolamine 1 mg/kg, and then the rat motion sickness model was induced by a rotary stimulation device. After the modeling, the feces, urine, standing hair, trembling were immediately observed and recorded, and the halo response index of the rats was calculated. The blood from the heart puncture was taken and the vestibular nucleus were put on the ice. Then, the content of histamine (HIS) in the vestibular nucleus and plasma was detected by ELISA. The expression of plasma cortisol (Cort) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with the model control group, the motion sickness index of rats with low, medium and high doses of Tianxiang capsule (6.56 ± 2.16, 6.10 ± 1.35, 4.46 ± 2.50 vs. 8.90 ± 2.61) significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The HIS content in the vestibular nucleus (12.70 ± 3.86 μg/L, 11.45 ± 1.57 μg/L, 10.02 ± 1.30 μg/L vs. 17.50 ± 4.82 μg/L) significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The plasma content of HIS (4.24 ± 1.75 μg/L vs. 7.69 ± 3.06 μg/L), Cort (286.90 ± 8.72 ng/ml vs. 329.26 ± 29.04 ng/ml) and AVP (16.54 ± 2.48 pg/ml vs. 22.35 ± 3.08 pg/ml) in the high doses of Tianxiang capsule significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions The Tianxiang capsule could effectively reduce the motion sickness index of rats with motion sicknes, which might be related to the down-regulation of HIS in Vestibule Nucleus and HIS, Cort and AVP in plasma.