The effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on mitochondrial function after hypoxic and reoxygenated perfusions in isolated rat hearts were observed. Significant decreases in respiration control ratio (RCR) and ADP/O ratio (P/O) as well as activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome oxidase (CCO) were found alter 40 minutes' hypoxia and 20 minutes' reoxygenated perfusion. Adding SOD to the perfusion fluid during the reperfusion period could restore the decreased mitochondfial function, which was shown by increased RCR and P/O as well as activities of SDH and CCO.

Objective To study the feasibility of Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy and the long term result of thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Methods 9 cases of thymus related disease were selected to undergo thymectomy though thoracoscopic approach from August 1996 to April 2001.Patients were followed up through outpatient service and telephone consultation. Results Of the 9 cases 2 cases were diagnosed as thymus cysts,1 cases thymoma,1 case malignant thymoma,1cases thymus carcinoma and 4 cases myasthenia gravis.Of the 4 cases of myasthenia gravis,3 cases were typeⅠ and 1 case was typeⅡb according to the modified Osserman classification.After thoracoscopic thymectomy 75% of patients had long-term good responses to surgery.The operation of one case of malignant thymoma was converted to lateral thoracotomy.One case of malignant thymoma with myasthenia gravis relapsed and reoperated through open thoracotomy . Conclusions video-assisted thoracoscopy can be usd to treat seleted thymic diseases .The results of video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for mysthenia gravis is almost comparable with traditional open thoracotomy

According to the pathological characteristics of symptomatic chronic thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture (SCOVF), the different clinical treatment methods are selected, including vertebral augmentation, anterior-posterior fixation and fusion, posterior decompression fixation and fusion, and posterior correction osteotomy. However, there is still a lack of a unified understanding on how to choose appropriate treatment method for SCOVF. In order to reflect the new treatment concept and the evidence-based medicine progress of SCOVF in a timely manner and standardize its treatment, the clinical guideline for surgical treatment of SCOVF is formulated in compliance with the principle of scientificity, practicability and advancement and based on the level of evidence-based medicine.

Objective: To preliminarily observe the effects of application of micro-negative pressure in children with small-area deep partial-thickness burn. Methods: From January 2016 to August 2018, 64 children with small-area deep partial-thickness burn who were admitted to the Department of Burn Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were recruited in this prospective randomized controlled study. According to the random number table, they were divided into negative pressure group [18 boys and 14 girls, aged (3.9±1.6) years with total burn area of (5.5±2.2)% total body surface area (TBSA)] and conventional group [20 boys and 12 girls, aged (3.8±1.7) years with total burn area of (5.8±1.6)% TBSA], with 32 patients in each group. After admission, simple debridement was performed in the patients of 2 groups. After that, the children in negative pressure group were treated with micro-negative pressure with negative pressure material replaced every 3 to 5 days. Children in conventional group were treated with silver sulfadiazine cream with dressing change every other day. On post injury day (PID) 14 and 21, general wound observation was performed, the wound healing rate was calculated, the exudates from the wounds were cultured and the positive detection rate was calculated. The number of patients requiring surgical skin grafting was recorded and the rate of surgical skin grafting was calculated, and the complete wound healing time was recorded in the patients of 2 groups. Scar formation was evaluated by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) in 3, 6, and 12 months after wound healing. Data were processed with chi-square test, t test, Bonferroni correction, and analysis of variance for repeated measurement. Results: (1) On PID 14, all the necrotic tissue in the wounds of patients in negative pressure group was removed, with few exudates, and most of the wounds had been epithelialized; most of necrotic tissue in the wounds of patients in conventional group was removed, with more exudates and smaller wound healing area than those in negative pressure group. On PID 21, most of the wounds of patients in negative pressure group were healed, and the exudates were rare, while the wound healing area of patients in conventional group was significantly smaller than that in negative pressure group with more exudates. (2) On PID 14 and 21, the wound healing rates [(49.8±3.3)% and (95.8±2.4)%] of patients in negative pressure group were significantly higher than those in conventional group [(40.0±3.2)% and (75.3±2.5)%, t=11.899, 33.461, P<0.01]. (3) On PID 14 and 21, the positive detection rates of wound bacteria of patients in negative pressure group were significantly lower than those in conventional group (χ²=6.275, 5.741, P<0.05). (4) The rate of surgical skin grafting of patients in negative pressure group was significantly lower than that in conventional group (χ²=5.333, P<0.05). (5) The complete wound healing time of patients in negative pressure group [(23.9±2.3) d] was significantly shorter than that in conventional group [(27.9±1.8) d, t=-7.806, P<0.01]. (6) In 3, 6, and 12 months after wound healing, the VSS scores [(6.9±1.8), (5.6±1.4), (3.4±1.5) points] of patients in negative pressure group were significantly lower than those in conventional group [(9.0±1.5), (7.4±2.0), (5.7±1.6) points, t=-4.987, -4.127, -5.988, P<0.01]. Conclusions In comparison with routine dressing change, the treatment of application of micro-negative pressure in children with small-area deep partial-thickness burn can significantly improve the wound healing rate and rate of surgical skin grafting, decrease the wound infection rate, shorten the wound healing time, and improve the wound healing quality.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with spinal fractures with thoracic and lumbar fracture as the most common type shows characteristics of unstable fracture, high incidence of nerve injury, high mortality and high disability rate. The diagnosis may be missed because it is mostly caused by low-energy injury, when spinal rigidity and osteoporosis have a great impact on the accuracy of imaging examination. At the same time, the treatment choices are controversial, with no relevant specifications. Non-operative treatments can easily lead to bone nonunion, pseudoarthrosis and delayed nerve injury, while surgeries may be failed due to internal fixation failure. At present, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture. In this context, the Spinal Trauma Academic Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ankylosing spondylitis combined with thoracolumbar fracture ( version 2023) by following the principles of evidence-based medicine and systematically review related literatures. Ten recommendations on the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, classification and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture were put forward, aiming to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such disorder.

The acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults have a higher rate of neurological injury and early death compared with atlas or axial fractures alone. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment choices of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults are controversial because of the lack of standards for implementation. Non-operative treatments have a high incidence of bone nonunion and complications, while surgeries may easily lead to the injury of the vertebral artery, spinal cord and nerve root. At present, there are no evidence-based Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults. To provide orthopedic surgeons with the most up-to-date and effective information in treating acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field of spinal trauma to develop the Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults ( version 2023) by referring to the "Management of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults" published by American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in 2013 and the relevant Chinese and English literatures. Ten recommendations were made concerning the radiological diagnosis, stability judgment, treatment rules, treatment options and complications based on medical evidence, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

Cas1-and-Cas2-mediated new spacer acquisition is an essential process for bacterial adaptive immunity. The process is critical for the ecology of the oral microflora and oral health. Although molecular mechanisms for spacer acquisition are known, it has never been established if this process is associated with the morphological changes of bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated a novel Cas2-induced filamentation phenotype in E. coli that was regulated by co-expression of the Cas1 protein. A 30 amino acid motif at the carboxyl terminus of Cas2 is necessary for this function. By imaging analysis, we provided evidence to argue that Cas-induced filamentation is a step coupled with new spacer acquisition during which filaments are characterised by polyploidy with asymmetric cell division. This work may open new opportunities to investigate the adaptive immune response and microbial balance for oral health.