Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a new subgroup of the persistent organic pollutants that have been widely used in industrial production and daily life for over 60 years. The presence of PFASs can be detected in rivers, soil, humans and wildlifes. Studies have shown that PFASs can induce multi-system toxicity in laboratory animals, including liver toxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine toxicity and immunotoxicity. PFASs are closely related to the birth outcomes, growth and development of the offspring. PFASs primarily impair the health of the offspring by regulating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors pathways, interfering with estrogen, affecting the thyroid system, glucocorticoids, inflammatory responses, and DNA methylation. Thus, more large-scale longitudinal cohort studies should be conducted and more in-depth potential mechanisms of action should be explored to clarify the relationship between intrauterine exposure of PFASs and birth outcomes, growth and development of offspring.

Objective:To investigate the effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on inflammatory factors in human placental trophoblast (HTR-8/Svneo) cells.Methods:HTR-8/Svneo cells were exposed to different concentrations of PFOS (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/L) for 24 h, and the cell survival rates were measured by CCK8. Secretion levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse the expressions of inflammatory factors.Results:Compared with the control group, the survival rates of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups were significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the secretion levels of IL-6 were decreased in the 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) , the concentrations of TNF-α were increased in the 0.01 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) , and the concentrations of IL-10 were increased in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expressions of IL-6 mRNA were increased in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) , and the expressions of IL-10 mRNA were decreased in the 0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:PFOS can induce changes in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines in HTR-8/Svneo cells, resulting in decreased activity of placental trophoblast cells and abnomal placental function.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a new subgroup of the persistent organic pollutants that have been widely used in industrial production and daily life for over 60 years. The presence of PFASs can be detected in rivers, soil, humans and wildlifes. Studies have shown that PFASs can induce multi-system toxicity in laboratory animals, including liver toxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine toxicity and immunotoxicity. PFASs are closely related to the birth outcomes, growth and development of the offspring. PFASs primarily impair the health of the offspring by regulating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors pathways, interfering with estrogen, affecting the thyroid system, glucocorticoids, inflammatory responses, and DNA methylation. Thus, more large-scale longitudinal cohort studies should be conducted and more in-depth potential mechanisms of action should be explored to clarify the relationship between intrauterine exposure of PFASs and birth outcomes, growth and development of offspring.

Objective:To investigate the effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on inflammatory factors in human placental trophoblast (HTR-8/Svneo) cells.Methods:HTR-8/Svneo cells were exposed to different concentrations of PFOS (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/L) for 24 h, and the cell survival rates were measured by CCK8. Secretion levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse the expressions of inflammatory factors.Results:Compared with the control group, the survival rates of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups were significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the secretion levels of IL-6 were decreased in the 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) , the concentrations of TNF-α were increased in the 0.01 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) , and the concentrations of IL-10 were increased in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expressions of IL-6 mRNA were increased in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) , and the expressions of IL-10 mRNA were decreased in the 0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:PFOS can induce changes in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines in HTR-8/Svneo cells, resulting in decreased activity of placental trophoblast cells and abnomal placental function.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of solifenacin in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome in patients who have undergone transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods According to the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), 64 cases with OAB symptoms after TURP were randomly assigned into study and control groups with 32 cases in each group. Patients in the study group were treated with solifenacin (5 mg once daily) for a two week period beginning the first day after catheter removal. Patients in the control group were not treated with solifenacin. The mean urgency episodes, micturition episodes, nocturia, urge incontinence, volume voided per micturition, Qmax and OABSS scores were recorded on the 7th and the 14th day after catheter removal. Treatment-emergent adverse events with solifenacin in the study group were recorded and evaluated as well. All cases were followed-up for 8 weeks after catheter removal. Results There were statistically significant differences (P<0.01) in favor of the study group over the control group in the aspect of urgency, micturition episodes, nocturia, urge incontinence, volume voided per micturition and OABSS scores. The incidences of treatment related adverse events were 12.5% (4/32) in the study group with no serious adverse event observed. Conclusions Solifenacin is effective in the treatment of OAB syndrome after TURP and is well tolerated as well. Application of solifenacin should be recommended earlier after TURP.