PET-CT is a functional imaging device with a complicated imaging theory and technique. It attracts some arguments when applied clinically. This paper discusses mainly its technique problems and its prospects in the future.

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that Qiang Chang Heji (QCHJ) hadsome protective effects in rats with experimental brain injuries and couldimprove some hemorheological indices.OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of QCHJ on peripheral platelet in rats with experimental right brain insufficiency of blood supply.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Central Laboratory, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Totally 60 SD white rats (either sex, werghing from 150 g to 170 g) were used. They were divided randomly into 3 groups: sham-operation group (n=8), control group (n=18) and treatment group (n=34).QCHJ:Chinese herbal mixture, equal dosage of both Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii and Rhizoma Acori Graminei were decocted twice, each for 30minutes with mild fire after boiling. The two decoctions were mixed and concentrated to 1g raw herb per milliliter.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Central Laboratory, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from July to September 2004. The right carotid artery (CA) of rats were separated,ligaturewas done in control and treatment groups ;but no ligature in sham operation group. Medication (po. by gastric perfusion) was given since the day of operation. In treatment group, 10 rats took QCHJ 10 g/kg per day for3 days; and others took 3.3, 6.7, 10 g/kg per day for 7 days respectively, (8 rats for each dose). In control group, equal volume physiological saline was given daily for 3 or 7 days. In sham operation group, equal volume physiological saline was given daily for 3 days. On the 3rd and 7th days after operation, platelet count (Plt), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) of platelet were determined with a Bakeman Blood Cell Auto-analyzer. t test was used to compare the difference.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Effects of QCHJ on peripheral platelet in rats with brain insufficiency of blood in brain.RESULTS: ①Day 3 after operation: PLt were similar between control group and sham-operation group (P ＞ 0.05); MPV, PDW and P-LCR were higher in control group than that in sham operation group (P ＜ 0.01); in QCHJ treated group (10 g/kg per day), MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01), and they were similar to that in sham operation group. ② Day 7 after operation: MPV, PDW, and P-LCR in control group were similar to that in sham operation group. In addition, P-LCR in control and QCHJ treatment group (3.3, 6.7, 10.0 g/kg per day) were lower than that in control group on the 3rd day of operation (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Experimental brain injury induced by block blood supply may result in peripheral platelet abnormities. QCHJ has been shown to improve some of the abnormities.

BACKGROUND: It has been discovered in experimental researches that qiang chang heji acts on prevention and treatment of brain injuries induced by insufficient blood supply and improvement of blood rhelogical property.OBJECTIVE: To study on the effects of qiang chang heji on peripheral red blood cell in rats with insufficient blood supply to brain so as to probe into its mechauism on improving blood rhelogical property.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Central Laboratory of General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Central Laboratory of General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from July to September 2003. Totally 50 SD white rats of either sex were employed, weighted varied from 150 g to 170 g.METHODS: The common carotid artery(CA) on the right side was ligatured to induce insufficient blood supply in the brain. The control and qiang chang heji(QCHJ) group were designed for comparison. On the same day of CA ligature, in treatment group, QCHJ of various dosages were applied daily for gastric perfusion; and in the control, physiological saline was applied. Three or seven days later, the parameters of peripheral red blood cell and its rhelogical property were analyzed with equipment.the sham-operation group, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), haematocrit(HCT) (%) and RBC aggregation index were in the tendency of increase and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (g/L) was increased obviously (375±7 vs 363±13) (P ＜ 0.05) .In the treatment group of 10 g/kg QCHJ, HGB(139.2±12.4 vs 153.6±9.6), MCHC(355±7 vs 375±7) and haematocrit(HCT) (35.4 ±0.9 vs 42.8 ±4.5) were significantly lower the control compared with the sham-operation group, both rigidity index and aggregation index of RBC were in the tendency of further increase. In treatment of QCHJ 10 g/kg, MCHC(354±4 vs 361 ±4), RBC rigidity index (1.02±0.35 vs 4.54±3.04) and aggregation index (2.76±0.66 vs 4.67 ± 1.21 ) were significantly lower than the control( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Treatment with QCHJ can prevent changes in peripheral red blood cell in rats with insufficient blood supply in the brain and reduce MCHC and RBC rigidity index and aggregation index so as to improve RBC deformability and rhelogical property.

Objective To summarize that the distant interval metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients who have been examined by 18F-FDG PET/CT and analysis the diagnostic efficacy of doctors using PET/CT device.Methods 75 patients were divided into three groups including primary patients without any treatment and patients in treating and patients after radiotherapied.The distant interval metastasis sits,incidence and their difference were analyzed.We adopt five grades to diagnose distant interval metastasis of NPC.And we choose the difference grade as cut off point to draw ROC curve and then decide the best diagnostic cut off point.Result There are 22patients in the first group and 2patients in the second group and 51patients in the third group in all 75paients.The incidence of distant interval metastasis in the first group is 59.1% and third 68.6% and there are statistical significance between groups(P=0.0001).The most frequent sites of distant interval metastasis is the distant interval lymph nodes(38.67%) and the second is skeleton(36%) and the third is liver(25.33%).ROC curve indicate that third one is the best cut off point because of doctors using PET/CT device can acquire the optimal sensitivity(86.36%)and specificity(88.24%) and accuracy(76.8%).Conclusion The incidence of distant interval metastasis is higher and the most frequent part is distant interval lymph nodes.And the doctors using PET/CT device diagnose the distant interval metastasis of NPC efficacy is higher.

OBJECTIVETo show the changes of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) expression at cellular level in different heat exposure stages and the significance of HSP70 expression in heat exposure organism.

METHODThe heat exposure model was established in rats with artificial hot climatic chamber[34 +/- 1) degree C, RH 60%]. SD rats were randomly divided into control groups(C) and heat exposure groups(A), and into subgroups including 2, 7, 14, 28 d stages from each one of the groups. The immuno-histochemistry was used to detect HSP70 expression in rat liver and cardiac muscle, and photography analytic software was used to analyze HSP70 expression in liver and cardiac cells.

RESULTSThe expression intensity of HSP70 in heat exposure groups(gray values of liver were 137.0 +/- 5.1, 137.0 +/- 5.2, 137.8 +/- 7.1, 139.2 +/- 5.2 respectively; of cardiac muscle 156.1 +/- 4.4, 155.1 +/- 6.2, 155.4 +/- 4.5, 156.2 +/- 5.1 respectively) was stronger than that in control groups(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) during all stages of the heat exposure; There was no significant difference in expression intensity of HSP70 among various stages of heat exposure; after 2 d of heat exposure, HSP70 expression in cell nuclei of the liver and cardiac muscle cells was stronger than that in cytoplasm in heat exposure group; HSP70 expression in Kupffer's cells of liver was also stronger than that of control(P < 0.05), but not on 7, 14 and 28 d; the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatine kinase(CK) and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(HBD) showed an increase on 2 d and 28 d of heat exposure.

CONCLUSIONThe vital organs would be damaged on 2 d of heat exposure. High expression of HSP70 at this stage may be a marker of cell damage; Increased HSP70 expression on 7-14 d of heat exposure may play an important role in adaptation to heat, while long term(28 d) heat exposure, the protection of HSP70 from tissue damage may not be enough.

Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Heat Stress Disorders ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Objective To analyze the relationship between preoperative serum sodium concentration and preoperative status of liver transplantation recipients and it's effect on early prognosis. Methods Retrospectively collected the clinical data of 281 patients underwent liver transplantation in First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to September 2017. According to the preoperative serum sodium concentration, they were divided into hyponatremia group (< 130 mmol/L) 18 patients, normonatremia group (130-145 mmol/L)232 patients and hypernatremia group(> 145 mmol/L) 31 patients. The SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used to analyze the difference of preoperative MELD score, Child-Pugh score, postoperative survival rate and the incidence of graft dysfunction among three groups. Multivariate comparisons of measurement data were performed using analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons between groups were performed using the LSD-t test. Chi-square tests were used to compare the count data sets. Results The preoperative MELD score was(19.27 ±7.35) scores, Child-Pugh score was(10.39±2.28) scores, serum creatinine concentration was(95.89 ± 49.40) μmol/L in hyponatremia group, the preoperative MELD score was(12.17土8.79) scores(P=0.001), Child-Pugh score was(8.50±2.68) scores (P =0.004) and serum creatinine was(66.07 ±24.13) μmol/L(P <0.05) in normonatremia group, the difference between two groups were statistically significant. There were no significant difference in the length of postoperative ICU stay and postoperative hospital stay among the three groups, there were no significant difference between the 30th and 90th postoperative survival rates and the incidence of graft dysfunction. Conclusions Hyponatremia is an indicator of poor preoperative status in liver transplantation recipients. Preoperative serum sodium concentration has no significant effect on early prognosis of liver transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the impact of different reconstruction parameter setting of knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR) technique on image quality of low-dose hepatic contrast-enhanced CT.Methods Forty patients underwent hepatic contrast-enhanced CT scanning were enrolled.Plain CT and triphasic contrast-enhanced CT scans,including hepatic arterial phase,portal-venous phase and delayed phase were performed.Low-dose scan was used in delayed phase,with tube voltage of 80 kV and tube current of 150 mAs.Images of delayed phase were reconstructed with both filtered back projection (FBP) and IMR techniques.Parameter setting applied in IMR reconstructions consisted of body routine and body soft tissue modes with three levels (Level 1-3),so 6 subgroups (R1,R2,R3,S1,S2,S3) were included.Subjective and objective evaluations of image quality were compared among those groups.Subjective evaluations included the scores of low contrast detectability (LCD),image distortion (ID) and diagnostic confidence (DC).Objective evaluations included image noise,signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR).Results There were statistical differences of scores in LCD,ID and DC among all the reconstruction parameter setting groups (all P＜0.01).The noise,SNR and CNR among different parameter setting groups had statistically significant differences (all P＜0.01).Except for subgroup S1 and subgroup R2,subgroup S2 and subgroup R3 (all P＞0.05),the other multiple comparisons showed significant differences (all P＜0.01).Conclusion IMR can improve image quality of low-dose hepatic contrast-enhanced CT.IMR reconstruction parameter setting of S1 and R2 are optimal for low-dose hepatic contrast-enhanced CT protocal.

Objectives:To study the computed tomography features of banded adhesions(BA) and matted adhesions(MA) of adhesive small bowel obstruction(ASBO).Methods:We enrolled 150 patients operated on for ASBO. According to intraoperated findings, ASBO were classified into those caused by BA or MA. A multivariable logistic regression was established to analyze independent risk factors on Computed Tomography features.Results:There were significant differences in closed-loop sign (36.8% vs. 14.3%, P=0.002) mesenteric haziness (43.7% vs. 17.5%, P=0.001), beak sign (48.3% vs. 17.5%, P<0.001), fat notch sign (39.1% vs. 9.5%, P<0.001) and peritoneal fluid (54.0% vs. 34.9%, P=0.015) between the two groups. The presence of beak sign [ OR=6.15, 95% CI (2.55-14.84), P<0.001], fat notch sign [ OR=6.19, 95% CI (2.16-17.82), P=0.001] and mesenteric haziness [ OR=3.34, 95% CI (1.34-8.32), P=0.009] were independent risk factors with BA. Conclusion:Beak sign, fat notch sign and mesenteric haziness were independent risk factors for diagnosing BA.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of chronic diseases and its influencing factors of dust-exposed male workers in a coal mine. Methods A total of 9 782 dust-exposed male workers from a coal mine in Shanxi Province were selected as the study subjects using the purposive sampling method. Their occupational health examination results were collected to analyze the prevalence of chronic diseases and its influencing factors. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension and diabetes were 40.3%, 30.7%, 23.5% and 5.6%, respectively. The prevalence of chronic diseases was 64.8%. Among them, the prevalence of having one, two, three or more chronic diseases were 36.5%, 21.6% and 6.7%, respectively. The prevalence of comorbid chronic diseases was 28.3%, with the highest prevalence of concurrent dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia of 11.0%. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of chronic disease was higher in workers <40 years old, smoking, overweight, obesity and total working years >20 years (all P<0.05). The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that workers <40 years old, overweight, obesity and total working years >20 years were risk factors for having one chronic disease (all P<0.05). The workers <40 years old, smoking, overweight, obesity and total working years >20 years were risk factors for having two chronic diseases (all P<0.05). The workers <40 years old, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, other types of work, and working years >20 years were risk factors for having three or more chronic diseases (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases is high and the comorbidity of chronic diseases is common among dust-exposed male workers. The main influencing factors were age, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, type of work, and working year. Workers with more contributing factors have higher risk of chronic comorbidities.

Objective: To prospectively compare single-shot (SS) echo-planar imaging (EPI) and field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot multiplexed sensitivity-encoding (FOCUS MUSE) for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Materials and Methods: SS EPI and FOCUS MUSE DWIs were obtained from 39 patients with TAO (18 male; mean ± standard deviation: 48.3 ± 13.3 years) and 26 healthy controls (9 male; mean ± standard deviation: 43.0 ± 18.5 years). Two radiologists scored the visual image quality using a 4-point Likert scale. The image quality score, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-tonoise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) were compared between the two DWIs. Differences in the ADC of EOMs were also evaluated. The performance of discriminating active from inactive TAO was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. The correlation between ADC and clinical activity score (CAS) was analyzed using Spearman correlation. Results: Compared with SS EPI DWI, FOCUS MUSE DWI demonstrated significantly higher image quality scores (P < 0.001), a higher SNR and CNR on the lateral rectus muscle (LRM) and medial rectus muscle (MRM) (P < 0.05), and a non-significant difference in the ADC of the LRM and MRM. Active TAO showed higher ADC than inactive TAO and healthy controls with both SS EPI and FOCUS MUSE DWIs (P < 0.001). Inactive TAO and healthy controls did not show a significant ADC difference with both DWIs. Compared with SS EPI DWI, FOCUS MUSE DWI demonstrated better discrimination of active from inactive TAO (AUC:0.925 vs. 0.779; P = 0.007). The ADC was significantly correlated with CAS in SS EPI DWI (r = 0.391, P < 0.001) and FOCUS MUSE DWI (r = 0.645, P < 0.001). Conclusion FOCUS MUSE DWI provides better images for evaluating EOMs and better performance in diagnosing active TAO than SS EPI DWI. The application of FOCUS MUSE will facilitate the DWI evaluation of TAO.