Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS) is a non-inflammatory autoimmune disease caused by anti-phospholipid antibodies. In recent years, it has been found that over-activation of complement is the key factor leading to the formation of thrombosis and pathological pregnancy in APS. With more understanding of the role of complement activation in the pathogenesis of APS, methods of complement inhibition therapy have emerged one after another. Therefore, the detection of complement components is of great significance for the early diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of APS.

The definition of sepsis has been updated as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection according to the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (SEPSIS-3).Sepsis affects functions of endothelial cell (EC) which include vasoregulation,barrier function,inflammation,hemostasis,and is thought to be the key factor in the progression from sepsis to organ failure.Recent studies also demonstrated the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in sepsis is mediated by glycocalyx shedding.This review covers the current insight in sepsis-associated endothelial dysfunction in different organ systems,as well as the clinical assessmeut and clinical trial aiming at the system of endothelium.

In order to investigate the expression and functional role of HERG1 K+ channels in leukemic cells and leukemic stem cells (LSCs), RT-PCR was used to detect the HERG1 K+ channels expression in leukemic cells and LSCs. The functional role of HERG1 K+ channels in leukemic cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that herg mRNA was expressed in CD34+/CD38-, CD123+ LSCs but not in circulating CD34+ cells. Herg mRNA was also up-regulated in leukemia cell lines K562 and HL60 as well as almost all the primary leukemic cells while not in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and the expression of herg mRNA was not associated with the clinical and cytogenetic features of leukemia. In addition, leukemic cell proliferation was dramatically inhibited by HERG K+ channel special inhibitor E-4031. Moreover, E-4031 suppressed the cell growth by inducing a specific block at the G1/S transition phase of the cell cycle but had no effect on apoptosis in leukemic cells. The results suggested that HERG1 K+ channels could regulate leukemic cells proliferation and were necessary for leukemic cells to proceed with the cell cycle. HERG1 K+ channels may also have oncogenic potential and may be a biomarker for diagnosis of leukemia and a novel potential pharmacological target for leukemia therapy.

In order to investigate the expression and functional role of HERG1 K+ channels in leukemic cells and leukemic stem cells (LSCs), RT-PCR was used to detect the HERG1 K+ channels expression in leukemic cells and LSCs. The functional role of HERG1 K+ channels in leukemic cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that herg mRNA was expressed in CD34+/CD38-, CD123+ LSCs but not in circulating CD34+ cells. Herg mRNA was also up-regulated in leukemia cell lines K562 and HL60 as well as almost all the primary leukemic cells while not in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and the expression of herg mRNA was not associated with the clinical and cytogenetic features of leukemia. In addition, leukemic cell proliferation was dramatically inhibited by HERG K+ channel special inhibitor E-4031. Moreover, E-4031 suppressed the cell growth by inducing a specific block at the G1/S transition phase of the cell cycle but had no effect on apoptosis in leukemic cells. The results suggested that HERG1 K+ channels could regulate leukemic cells proliferation and were necessary for leukemic cells to proceed with the cell cycle. HERG1 K+ channels may also have oncogenic potential and may be a biomarker for diagnosis of leukemia and a novel potential pharmacological target for leukemia therapy.

Objective To invkstigatk thk kffkcts of intkrlkucin-6(IF-6)on mitochondrial biogknksis in ac-tivatkd astrocetks(LS)and thk rolk of adknosink monophosphatk protkin cinask( LMPK)in this prockss. Methods Thk LS isolatkd from nkonatal rat ckrkbral codkx wkrk purifikd and culturkd. Thk LS was randomle dividkd into 5 groups:control group,lipopolesaccharidk(FPS)+intkrfkron-γ(IPN-γ)group( IPN-γ group),FPS+IPN-γ+IF-6 group(IF-6 group),FPS+IPN-γ+IF-6A siANL+IF-6 group(siANL group),and FPS+IPN-γ+nkga-tivk control(NC)+IF-6 group(NC group),thkn,LS in kach group was trkatkd for 6 h. Tumor nkcrosis factor-α (TNP-α)mANL and intkrlkucin-1β(IF-1β)mANL kxprkssion wkrk dktkctkd be adopting rkvkrsk transcription-polemkrask chain rkaction(AT-PCA). Thk lkvkls of rkactivk oxegkn spkciks(AOS)wkrk dktkctkd be fluorksknt probk mkthod and thk lkvkls of adknosink triphosphatk(LTP)wkrk dktkctkd be lucifkrask mkthod. Ckll viabilite was kvaluatkd be using ckll count Kit-8. Pkroxisomk prolifkrator-activatkd rkckptor gamma coactivator-1α(PGC-1α),nuclkar rk-spiratore factor-1(NAP-1),mitochondrial transcription factor L( TPLM)and phospho-adknosink monophosphatk activatkd protkin cinask(p-LMPK)protkin kxprkssion wkrk dktkctkd be using Zkstkrn blotting. ResuIts (1)Com-parkd with thk control group,thk mANL kxprkssions of TNP-α and IF-1β(2. 548 ± 0. 154 vs. 1. 000 ± 0. 001,P﹦ 0. 000;2. 912 ± 0. 102 vs. 1. 000 ± 0. 001,P﹦0. 000),thk lkvkls of AOS[(245. 307 ± 13. 379)APR vs.(69. 460 ± 7. 257)APR,P﹦0. 000]and LTP[(1. 558 ± 0. 008)nmol╱mg protkin vs.(1. 016 ± 0. 025)nmol╱mg protkin,P﹦0. 000]significantle klkvatkd,and thk ckll viabilite(0. 840 ± 0. 013 vs. 1. 000 ± 0. 001,P﹦0. 000)dkcrkaskd,whilk thk protkin kxprkssion of NAP-1(0. 406 ± 0. 045 vs. 0. 157 ± 0. 016,P﹦0. 017),TPLM(0. 605 ± 0. 025 vs. 0. 416 ± 0. 013,P﹦0. 005)klkvatkd in FPS+IPN-γ group,and thk diffkrkncks wkrk significant(all P＜0. 05).(2)Comparkd with FPS+IPN-γ group,thk lkvkls of LTP[(1. 763 ± 0. 028)nmol╱mg protkin vs.(1. 558 ± 0. 008)nmol╱mg pro-tkin,P﹦0. 000],thk ckll viabilite(0. 910 ± 0. 024 vs. 0. 840 ± 0. 013,P﹦0. 008)wkrk klkvatkd,whilk thk protkin kx-prkssion of PGC-1α(0. 724 ± 0. 027 vs. 0. 586 ± 0. 039,P﹦0. 000),NAP-1(1. 036 ± 0. 211 vs. 0. 406 ± 0. 045,P﹦0. 000),TPLM(0. 786 ± 0. 058 vs. 0. 605 ± 0. 025,P﹦0. 002)and p-LMPK(1. 094 ± 0. 223 vs. 0. 755 ± 0. 084,P﹦0. 014)wkrk klkvatkd in IF-6 group,and thk diffkrkncks wkrk significant( all P＜0. 05).(3)Comparkd with IF-6 group,LTP[(1. 187 ± 0. 005)nmol╱mg protkin vs.(1. 763 ± 0. 028)nmol╱mg protkin,P﹦0. 000]and thk ckll viabili-te(0. 680 ± 0. 040 vs. 0. 910 ± 0. 024,P ﹦0. 000)all dkcrkaskd in siANL group,whilk thk protkin kxprkssion of PGC-1α(0. 631 ± 0. 022 vs. 0. 724 ± 0. 027,P﹦0. 020),NAP-1(0. 386 ± 0. 066 vs. 1. 036 ± 0. 211,P﹦0. 000), TPLM(0. 593 ± 0. 022 vs. 0. 786 ± 0. 058,P﹦0. 009)and p-LMPK(0. 365 ± 0. 063 vs. 1. 094 ± 0. 223,P﹦0. 002) significantle dkcrkaskd in siANL group,and thk diffkrkncks wkrk significant(all P＜0. 05). ConcIusions IF-6 can incrkask mitochondrial biogknksis in activatkd LS,which is probable mkdiatkd through up-rkgulating thk kxprkssion of LMPK.

Thrombospondin 2(THBS2)is a matrix cell calcium-binding glycoprotein that interacts with a variety of growth factors,receptors,matrix molecules or proteases on the extracellular matrix and cell surface.THBS2 can be activated by N6-methyladenosyl RNA methylase,and mediates tumor proliferation,migration and invasion by re-modeling the tumor microenvironment and participating in multiple cell signaling pathways.THBS2 could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator for a variety of tumors,and is expected to become a new target for malignant tumor treatment.

To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens, mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques, including the selected reaction monitoring (SRM), parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and massively parallel data-independent acquisition (DIA), have been developed. For optimal performance, they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior knowledge. In this report, we describe a MS pipe-line and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue samples. To build the spectral resource, we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on Docker. We then applied the workflow to gen-erate DPHL, a comprehensive DIA pan-human library, from 1096 data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS raw files for 16 types of cancer samples. This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Thereafter, PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was validated. As a second application, the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and 18 healthy control subjects. Differentially expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM. These data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker discovery. DPHL is freely accessible at https://www.iprox.org/page/project.html?id=IPX0001400000.