Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo

In this paper, absorption and pharmacokinetic study of Radix Rehmanniae was studied by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method after oral administration to rats. By comparing the chromatograms of ultraviolet, full scan, extracted ion and selective reaction monitoring (SRM) of standard solution, Radix Rehmanniae, blank plasma and rat plasma post drug administration, catalpol and ajugol were found to be the main compounds absorbed from Radix Rehmanniae. Plasma concentrations of aucubin, dihydrocatalpol, rehmannioside A (or rehmannioside B/ melittoside) and rehmannioside D were very low. Quantitative method for catalpol and aucubin and semi-quantitative method for other compounds in rat plasma were established. The pharmacokinetic study of those absorbed components was conducted after oral administration of 6 g x kg(-1) Radix Rehmanniae water extract to rats. Cmax, t(1/2) and AUC(0-infinity) of catalpol and ajugol were (2349.05 +/- 1438.34) and (104.25 +/- 82.05) ng x mL(-1), (0.86 +/- 0.32) and (0.96 +/- 0.37) h, (4407.58 +/- 2734.89) and (226.66 +/- 188.38) ng x h x mL(-1), respectively. tmax was at 1.00 h for catalpol and ajugol. Both catalpol and ajugol were absorbed and excreted rapidly.

Objective: To determine strychnine content of Jinqianbaihuashe Medicinal Wine. Methods: The dual wavelength spectrophotometry was adopted. Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.6～ 14.4?g?mL -1 of strychnine. The average recovery rate was 99.35%. RSD was 0.74%(n=7). Conclusion: The method is reproducible, sensitive and prevent from the interference of other components.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of CT coronal scan to foreign body in bronchus of children.Methods 30 cases appearances of CT coronal scan to foreign body in bronchus of children were analysed.The appearances between CT coronal scan and axial scan,X-ray examination of chest were contrasted in some cases.Results Foreign body in bronchus or granuloma around part of foreign body were shown clearly by CT coronal scan in 30 cases,28 cases obstructive emphysema,13 cases obstructive pneumonia and 3 cases obstructive atelectasis were also shown clearly.Another,CT coronal scan showed the double margin sign of 16 cases diaphragm and 11 cases mediastinum.Conclusion CT coronal scan could show direct and indirect signs of the most foreign body in bronchus of children and it may be acte as primary examintion.

Objective To compare the efficacy and toxicities between preoperative concomitant boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3-dimensional conformal RT (3-DCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer.Methods A prospective study from May 2010 to May 2015.A total of 130 patients with histologically confirmed,newly diagnosed,locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (cT3-T4 and/or cN +) located within 10 cm from the anal verge were included in this study.The patients were divided into IMRT and 3D-CRT groups by random number table method.Sixty-six patients were treated with IMRT,and the other sixty-four patients were treated with 3-DCRT.In the IMRT group,the prescription dose was 1.8 Gy/fraction to 45 Gy to the pelvis and 2.2 Gy/fraction to 55 Gy to the gross tumor volume simultaneously.The 3D-CRT prescription was 45 Gy in 25 fractions to the pelvis.Capecitabine (1 650 mg· m 2 · d-1) was given twice daily from days 1 to 14 and days 22 to 35 during RT in both arms.Total mesorectal excision (TME) was scheduled 6-8 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,tumor location,pathological differentiation degree and clinical stage between the two groups.Two patients withdrew from the study:one for grade 3 radiation dermatitis in IMRT group and the other for grade 3 fatigue in 3D-CRT.There was no significant difference in hematologic or nonhematologic toxicities between the two groups.No grade 4 or 5 toxicity was observed in either group.Compared with conformal radiotherapy,IMRT did not increase the difficulty of surgery.No significant difference was found in type of surgery or postoperative complications between the two groups.The rate of tumor regression grade (TRG) 4 (pathologic complete response,pCR) was 22.7％ for IMRT and 15.6％ for 3D-CRT,respectively(P ＞ 0.05).The rate of both TRG4 and 3 was 42.4％ for IMRT and 25.0％ for 3D-CRT,respectively (x2 =4.406,P=0.036).Conclusions Neoadjuvant concomitant boost IMRT is feasible and has a higher histopathological regression for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry,ChiCTR-IN R-16008004.

OBJECTIVETo explore a simple and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection through a paravertebral approach in rabbits.

METHODSSixty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into conventional group and modified groups to receive intraperitoneal injections through conventional and paravertebral approaches, respectively. In the conventional group, the injection site was on the abdominal wall 3~4 cm lateral from the umbilicus bilaterally, while that in the modified group was located dorsally at L5/L6 level 3-4 cm lateral from the midline. Abdominal CT scan was performed in the post-injection rabbits, which were sacrificed after 24 h for abdominal dissection.

RESULTSSuccess with a single puncture was achieved in 13 out of the 20 rabbits in the conventional group, and the rest required at least two punctures, with a mean rank sum of 23.50. With the modified approach, a single attempt was successful in all the 40 rabbits, with a mean rank sum of 34.0, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The success rates of a single injection differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.01). CT scan and abdominal dissection showed that the injection site with the modified approach was far away from the vital organs and large vessels with less peritoneal hyperemia and exudation.

CONCLUSIONParavertebral intraperitoneal paracentesis is a convenient and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection in rabbits.

Objective To determine the efficacy of endoscopic transnasal orbital balanced decompression technique for the treatment of severe Graves' orbitopathy.Methods Six cases (12 eyes) of severe Graves'orbitopathy were included in this study.All patients were undergone endoscopic transnasal orbital balanced decompression technique (orbital inner and lower wall decompression + lateral orbital decompression) for severe Graves' orbitopathy and serious affecting visual function or appearance.Results The follow-up ranged from 12 months to 2 years and 4 months.Postoperatively, the visual acuity markly improved from 0.23 ±0.08 to 0.48 ±0.13 (t =-5.749, P ＜0.001).Proptosis measured by exophthalmoter distictly reduced from (22.08 ± 1.08) mm to (15.67 ± 1.44) mm (t =17.924, P ＜ 0.001).The palpebral fissures obviously reduced from (12.03 ± 0.91) mm to (8.62 ± 0.75) mm(t =9.600, P ＜ 0.001), and orbital volume evidently increased from (26.84 ± 0.62) cm3 to (31.56 ± 1.10) cm3 (t =-16.567, P ＜ 0.001).Compared with the preoperative result, the orbital pressure was significantly decreased after operation (t =-6.759 (Y =100 g), t =-11.850 (Y =200 g), t =-6.189 (Y =300 g), P ＜ 0.001).Diplopia was appeared in 3 cases, and disappeared 3 to 5 months after surgery.Conclusion Endoscopic transnasal orbital balanced decompression technique is effective for the treatment of severe Graves' orbitopathy.

Objective To explore a simple and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection through a paravertebral approach in rabbits. Methods Sixty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into conventional group and modified groups to receive intraperitoneal injections through conventional and paravertebral approaches, respectively. In the conventional group, the injection site was on the abdominal wall 3~4 cm lateral from the umbilicus bilaterally, while that in the modified group was located dorsally at L5/L6 level 3-4 cm lateral from the midline. Abdominal CT scan was performed in the post-injection rabbits, which were sacrificed after 24 h for abdominal dissection. Results Success with a single puncture was achieved in 13 out of the 20 rabbits in the conventional group, and the rest required at least two punctures, with a mean rank sum of 23.50. With the modified approach, a single attempt was successful in all the 40 rabbits, with a mean rank sum of 34.0, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The success rates of a single injection differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.01). CT scan and abdominal dissection showed that the injection site with the modified approach was far away from the vital organs and large vessels with less peritoneal hyperemia and exudation. Conclusion Paravertebral intraperitoneal paracentesis is a convenient and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection in rabbits.

Objective To explore a simple and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection through a paravertebral approach in rabbits. Methods Sixty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into conventional group and modified groups to receive intraperitoneal injections through conventional and paravertebral approaches, respectively. In the conventional group, the injection site was on the abdominal wall 3~4 cm lateral from the umbilicus bilaterally, while that in the modified group was located dorsally at L5/L6 level 3-4 cm lateral from the midline. Abdominal CT scan was performed in the post-injection rabbits, which were sacrificed after 24 h for abdominal dissection. Results Success with a single puncture was achieved in 13 out of the 20 rabbits in the conventional group, and the rest required at least two punctures, with a mean rank sum of 23.50. With the modified approach, a single attempt was successful in all the 40 rabbits, with a mean rank sum of 34.0, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The success rates of a single injection differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.01). CT scan and abdominal dissection showed that the injection site with the modified approach was far away from the vital organs and large vessels with less peritoneal hyperemia and exudation. Conclusion Paravertebral intraperitoneal paracentesis is a convenient and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection in rabbits.