The electromyographies were made on 12 healthy young adult males to investigate the function of supinators and pronators in the extended and flexed elbows during pro- nation and supination.The potentials were picked up with the needle electrode from the pronator teres,pronator quadratus,the supinator,the biceps brachialis and the bra- chioradialis.The study revealed the following facts: 1.During slow pronation,regardless whether the elbow was flexed or extended, the potentials from the pronator quadratus were always more active than that from the pronator teres.The former showed the activities from “marked” to “most marked” and the latter from “slight” to “moderate”.When the pronation was resisted,the activities increased in both muscles. 2.During slow supination,both pronators showed activities of various degree as antagonistic muscles.During slow supination in the extended elbow,the potentials ap- peared in the supinator alone,but no activities were seen in the biceps unless the supina- tion was resisted.The biceps was,therefore,not proved to be a supinator when the elbow was in an extending position.When the flexed elbow was supinated from a prone position,the activities were recorded from the supinator immediately but none from the biceps at first.When the forearm reached an intermediate position,it began to show “slight” activity whereas the supinator showed “marked”.When the forearm moved to- ward full supination the activities of the supinator decreased gradually,reaching “no activity” at the end,but the activities of the biceps increased gradually.It was proved that the supinator was a primary supinator and the biceps a reinforcer. 3.The brachioradialis is usually described as a pronator when the forearm is in supine position and a supinator in prone position.This present study showed it was neither a pronator nor a supinator in the extended forearm,and it was only so when supinating a flexed forearm from a prone to semiprone position.In the further course of supination the activities were not increased at all.Thus the brachioradialis could be considered as an axillary supinator from prone to semiprone position.

Multilead electromyographic studies were made on 15 healthy young adult males to investigate the action of the postural muscles of the lower extremity,especially the gastro- cnemius.The results were as follows: 1.In standing position,either both legs or one leg supported the body weight,the gastrocnemius of the weight bearing leg or legs as well as hamstring muscles showed some potentials.When changing the body position from standing to squatting or the re- verse,the gastrocnemius showed similar activity.It indicates that the gastrocnemius acts together with the hamstring muscles to counteract the action of the quadriceps in main- taining the extended position of the knee joint. 2.When one leg stands on the ground and the other hangs freely,then flex and extend the free leg slowly,no activity was recorded in the gastrocnemius.Similarly no activity was recorded in the gastrocnemius when flexing the knee joint in sitting position. It is,therefore,assumed that the gastrocnemius is not necessarily a flexor of the knee joint as usually considered,but an important extensor under certain conditions. 3.When rotate the leg medially or laterally on siting position,the both heads of the gastrocnemius showed activities.The rotation of the leg towards either direction is not the action of a single head although the medial head is always more active than the lateral one. 4.The activities were also shown in the gastrocnemius when standing on the toes or stepping forward of the weight-bearing leg in walking.It confirms the common view that the gastrocnemius is a flexor of the ankle joint. The activities of the quadriceps,hamstring muscles and soleus were also recorded and discussed.

Objective To approch the characteristic of diagnosis and treatment of optic nerve injury in double wall optic canal.Methods Six patients,with double wall optic canal found by CT,were treated by drug,operation and visual rehabilitation training.The results of CT,vision-evoked potential and visual recovery were analysed.Results In 6 patients,4 were holo-double wall optic canal and 2 were mero-double wall optic canal,4 were found having bone fracture.All the 6 cases were effective to treatment including 3 patients whose vision was over 0.1.Conclusion In double wall optic canal,the degree of optic nerve injury is slight,visual recovery is better by drug,operation and visual rehabilitation training.

In order to ensure the biosafety of the IFN-gamma antiviral activity assay, we used a replication-deficient VSV carrying GFP as an interferon sensitive indicator virus (VSVdeltaG*G). The antiviral activities of porcine IFN-gamma expressed in Escherichia coli and in baculovirus on MDBK cells were assessed. The results showed that the antiviral activity of porcine IFN-gamma expressed in baculovirus could reach 10(5) IU/mL, while the porcine IFN-gamma expressed in E. coli showed some antiviral activity (32 IU/mL) after refolding. The results of the VSVdeltaG*G-based antiviral assay were almost identical to that of the VSV*GFP-based assay, suggesting it is highly feasible to use VSVdeltaG*G as a substitute for VSV*GFP, making assays for IFN-gamma antiviral activity safer and more accurate.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Interferon-gamma ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Swine ; Vesiculovirus ; drug effects ; physiology