Objective:To measure the resting pressure of the tongue body on the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the tongue anchorage pad ( TAP) , and to investigate the proper position of TAP as an an-chorage. Methods:Nineteen volunteers with individual normal occlusion (4 males and 15 females, age 23-33 years) were recruited in the study. Individualized TAP was designed and made for each subject. On the sagittal dimension, the pressure along the midline at the level of the distal of the second premolar (PM2), the first molar (M1) and the second molar (M2) were measured. On the vertical dimension, pressures on TAPs with height of -3 mm, 0 mm, and 3 mm were measured, with 0 mm standing for the reference point recorded by the tongue position record. The tongue resting pressure of the volunteers in the upright position was measured by miniature sensors ( FSS1500NS, Honeywell, USA) embedded in TAP. Nonparametric analysis was applied with the significant level of 0. 05. Results:On the vertical di-mension, the pressure obtained at the height of -3 mm, 0 mm, and 3 mm were 105. 83 Pa, 167. 75 Pa, and 254. 25 Pa, respectively (P<0. 001). On the sagittal dimension, the pressure detected at the level of PM2, M1, and M2 were 177. 64 Pa, 126. 72 Pa, and 109. 37 Pa, respectively (P<0. 001). Con-clusion:Tongue pressure rises significantly with the increase of TAP height. On the sagittal dimension, pressure decreases along the palatal midline in an anteroposterior direction. But in the clinical practice, we should also put comfort into consideration.

Objective To analyze the serum samples of young and middle-aged patients with hypertension of different syndromes and healthy patients by means of metabonomics; To confirm its biomarker; To reveal the nature of phlegm dampness retention syndrome in essential hypertension. Methods The syndrome types of 34 hypertension patients were differentiated into 14 cases of liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome group, 14 cases of phlegm dampness retention syndrome group and 6 cases of yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group. 15 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. 1H-NMR technique combined with partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) method was used to look for the biomarkers. And the levels of UA, TC and TG were recorded. Results The level of UA in phlegm dampness retention syndrome group was significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.05). The level of TC in yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group was higher and had significantly difference with the control group (P<0.05). The level of TG in phlegm dampness retention syndrome group was higher and had significantly difference with control group (P<0.05). The metabonomics study based on the 1H-NMR method could distinguish the phlegm dampness retention syndrome group from the normal control group, liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome group and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group. Compared with the control group, the levels of acetone, VLDL, and LDL were significantly higher and the levels of lactate, serine, glucose, methionine, alanine were significantly lower in phlegm dampness retention syndrome group; compared with the liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome group, levels of citrate, alanine, VLDL, and LDL were significantly higher and the levels of glucose, lysine, glutamate, proline lactate were significantly lower; compared with yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group, the level of creatinine was significantly higher. Conclusion There are lipoprotein metabolism, amino acid metabolism and glucose metabolism disorder in the young and middle-age hypertensive patients with phlegm dampness retention syndrome.

Objective　To observe the changes of glucocorticoi d receptor (GR) in hepatic cytoplasm in rats after scalding-induced pathologic al stress and its regulation. Methods　The receptor binding capa city (R0) and the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of GR in hepatic cytopla sm of normal, low-degree and heavy-degree scalded rats were measured with rad io-ligand binding assay, with ［3H］ dexamethasone as ligand. The changes of R0 and Kd of GR were regulated by injections of anti-rat TNFα, IL-1β a ntibodies, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and KPV peptide( Ac- D-Lys-L-Pro-D-Val) respectively in vivo. Results　The R 0 of GR in hepatic cytoplasm in rats 12 h after heavy-degree scalding ［Mass action robust: （205.52±30.14） fmol/mg; Scatchard: （208.45±30.78） fmol/mg ］were significantly lower than that of control group ［Mass action robust:（307 .86±24.22） fmol/mg;Scatchard:（306.71±27.96） fmol/mg］(P<0.01), but no s ignificant difference was found in the R0 of GR between the control and the ra ts 12 h after low-degree scalding ［Mass action robust: （285.19±16.62） fmol/ mg ; Scatchard: （296.64±16.06） fmol/mg］. The injection of anti-rat TNFα, IL-1β antibodies, α-MSH and KVP all prevented the decline of R0 of GR in h epatic cytoplasm in rats with severe scalding. Conclusion　The injections of anti-rat TNFα, IL-1β antibodies, α-MSH or KPV can attenuate the reduction of GR in rat hepatic cytoplasm caused by severe scalding-induced pathological stress to some extent.

Objectives:To evaluate the use of needle catheter jejunostomy for early enteral nutrition in liver transplant recipients . Methods:Five liver transplant recipients who had indication were performed with needle catheter jejunostomy before abdominal wall closure.The Flocare jejunokath was inserted on the small bowel at the point 20 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz,continued to go ahead in the wall of the bowel for a distance of about 4～5 cm,and then pierced into bowel lumen.Enteral nutrition was given through jejunostic tube at postoperative 1st day. Results:The time for placing needle catheter jejunostomy during operation was (9.2?2.3)min.The jejunostic tube was used well and pulled out from 14 to 46 days after operation.One patient occurred with jejunostic tube obstruction, and the tube was reused after treatment.No other complication occurred associated with needle catheter jejunostomy. Conclusions:Needle catheter jejunostomy may become the preferable method for early enteral nutrition in indicated liver transplant recipients.

Objective To discuss the function of respiratory exerciser tri‐ball in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) .Methods Prospectie case‐control study was used in COPD patients ,the patients were randomly divided into three groups ,60 COPD patients (group A) using respiratory exerciser TRI‐BALL ,58 COPD patients (group B) using traditional pursed lips ventral breathing training ,and 58 COPD patients(group C) using general internal medicine treatment .Results Group A :compared with before breath training ,the increases of FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) and MVV/MVV predicted (% ) and the decrease of quality of life score (QOL) were statistically significant after breath training (P<0 .01) ,but not for FEV1/FVC(% )(P>0 .05) .Group B :compared with before breath training ,the decrease of QOL was statistically significant (P<0 .01) ,but not for FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) ,MVV/MVV predicted (% ) and FEV1/FVC (% )(P>0 .05) .Compared with control group after breath training ,the increases of FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) and MVV/MVV predicted (% ) and the decrease of quality of life score (QOL) were statistically significant in group A (P<0 .01) .Compared with control group after breath training , the decrease of quality of life score (QOL) were statistically significant in group B (P<0 .01) ,but not for FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) and MVV/MVV predicted (% ) (P>0 .05) .Compared the changes of pulmonary function test(PFT) index and QOL between group A and B ,the increments of FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) and MVV/MVV predicted (% ) were statistically significant in group A(P<0 .01) ,but not for QOL(P>0 .05) .Conclusion It is useful to improve the pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with COPD using respiratory exerciser tri‐ball .It is more effective than traditional pursed lips ventral breathing training ,due to the equipment is very small ,cheap ,easy to quantify training and convenient for household use ,it is worth to be popularized in primary hospital .