Objective To investigate the osteogenie and adipogenic difference of bone marrowdeftved mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)between patients with aplastic anemia(AA)and healthy volunteers and to explore the role of MSCs adipo-differentiation in the pathogenetic mechanism of AA.Methods MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of patients with AA and healthy donors and expanded in vitro.MSCs derived from the AA patients and healthy volunteers were compared with respect to morphology,in vitro proliteration capacity,phenotype,differentiation ability and gene expression during differentiation.Results The MSCs clones in the AA patients were(19.30±4.77)/(5×105 MNCs)7 days after culture,being significantly lower than those in the healthy volunteers,which was(47.72±3.46)/(5×105 MSCs)(P＜0.05).Compared with those the healthy donors,MSCs from the AA patients had similar proliferative capacity in the first 8 passages and then decreased in the following passages.MSCs from different sources had the same Dhenotype.MSCs from the AA patients could differentiate more easily into adipocytes but less easily and slower into osteoblasts than those from the healthy volunteers.Conclusion The increased adipogenic capacity and decreased osteogenic capacity of MSCs in AA patients may contribute to the development and progress of AA.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lym-phoma (PCNSL) and to explore the factors that influence the prognosis, in order to provide evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treat-ment. Methods: Sixty-four patients with relapsed/refractory PCNSL diagnosed from October 2006 to August 2015 were selected. The clinical features, treatment plans, and laboratory examination data were retrospectively analyzed. Cox regression was used for multi-variate analysis. Results: Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that progression-free survival of first time (PFS1)≤1 year and Kar-nofsky performance status (KPS) score<70 points were independent prognostic factors in patients with first relapsed/refractory PCNSL. The median PFS2 and overall survival of second time (OS2) were 19 and 21 months, respectively, in patients with PFS1≥1 year, where-as the median progression free survival of second time (mPFS2) and OS2 were 10 and 14 months, respectively, in patients with PFS1<1 year. The median PFS2 (mPFS2) in patients with first relapse/refractory KPS score≥70 points and those with KPS score<70 points were 40 and 10 months, respectively, and the median OS2 were 43 and 12 months, respectively. The median PFS for the methotrexate (MTX) and non-MTX groups was 18 and 10 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the salvage therapy was a relevant factor influencing the patient's PFS. However, univariate analysis showed that the median OS2 in the MTX and non-MTX groups was 23 and 12 months, respectively, with significant difference but without any correlation with prognosis. Conclusions: progression-free sur-vival (PFS)≤1 year and KPS score<70 were independent prognostic factors in patients with first relapsed/refractory PCNSL. Patients with relapsed/refractory PCNSL who continuously received high-dose MTX-based treatment may have improved long-term treatment outcomes.

  Objective  To analyze the clinical characteristics of thyroid LCH to enhance understanding of the disease.  Methods  We retrospectively studied the clinical data from six thyroid LCH patients who hospitalized in Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2015 to January 2022.We analyzed the ultrasound and ¹⁸F FDG-PET/CT imaging characteristics of thyroid LCH.  Results  The six patients diagnosed (2 males and 4 females) were between 18 and 58 years old.All patients had diabetes insipidus.MRI revealed thickened pituitary stalk.Two cases had central hypothyroidism, while four cases euthyroidism.Three cases tested positive for thyroid antibodies.Ultrasound showed thyroid nodules of TI-RADS 3 in three cases, TI-RADS 4 in two cases, and 1 with nodular goiter.Ultrasound showed that all sic cases indicated low echogenicity, 5 of which clear boundaries, 4 of which uneven echo distribution, 5 of which irregular shape, and noen has calcification.¹⁸F FDG-PET/CT indicated high uptake nodules with SUVmax values all above 10.4 cases were diagnosed by surgical excision and the other 2 by coarse-needle aspiration biopsy.When diagnosed, two cases had liver and thymus involvement respectively.One case had lung and bone involvement respectively.After treatment, 4 cases showed that nodular goiter shrank, while the other two with liver involvement progressed fast and no assessment made.  Conclusions  Thyroid LCH presented low echogenicity, clear boundaries, irregular shape, without calcification, and high uptake in ¹⁸F FDG-PET/CT.A definite diagnosis of pituitary stalk thicking accompanied by thyroid nodules, especially those with hypoechoic and irregular nodules, can be achieved by coarse-needle aspiration biopsy and langerin-specific pathological staining.