For the near-infrared (NIR) spectral analysis of the concentration of blood glucose, the calibration accuracy can be affected because of the existing of outlier samples. In this research, a Monte-Carlo cross validation (MCCV) method is constructed for eliminating outlier samples. The human blood plasma experiment in vitro and the human body experiment in vivo were introduced to evaluate the MCCV method for its application effect in NIR spectral analysis of blood glucose. And the uninformative sample elimination method based on modified uninformative variable elimination (MUVE-USE) was employed in this study for the comparison with MCCV. The results indicated that, like the MUVE-USE method, the outlier samples elimination method based on MCCV could be used to eliminate the outlier samples which came from gross errors (such as bad sample) or system errors (such as baseline drift). In addition, the outlier samples from the random errors of uncertain causes which affect model accuracy can be eliminated simultaneously by MCCV. The elimination of multiple outlier samples is beneficial to the improvement of prediction accuracy of calibration model.
Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Calibration ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Monte Carlo Method ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

Objective The method of bone lengthening by distraction of callus was used on dog mandible as a model to study the capability and changes of membranous bone during distraction osteogenesis. Methods 15 dogs aged 5～7 months were chosen as the subjects. The operation included a unilateral or bilateral periosteal preserving corti cotomy of mandibular bone, and an introral mini lengthening device were fixed to the buccal side of the mandible. After 7d, the mandible was lengthened lmm/d for 20d and then held in internal fixation for 7～ 140d (1 ～ 20 weeks). Results The dogs were killed at 3 times. Anthropometric measurements, X-ray examination and histological observa tion were conducted and conformed that the distracted bone had formed in the expanded zone successfully. Conclu sion The results suggested that we could use the DO technique in the area of craniofacial clinic. The strong ability of generating new bone in membranous skeleton by DO technique should be further demonstrated in the future.

Guided by the principle of multimedia instruction, the author puts forward a new teaching mode, in which theoretical teaching and experimental teaching can be processed synchronously based on campus network, interactive teaching is dominative, students are the principal part, and integral optimization of theoretical teaching and experimental teaching can be realized.

To study reliability and reliable indices of quantitative assessment of right ventricular systolic function by time-intensity curve (TIC) with right ventricular contrast, 5% sonicated human albumin was injected intravenously at a does of 0.08 ml/kg into 10 dogs at baseline status and cardiac insufficiency. Apical four-chamber view was observed for washin and washout of contrast agent from right ventricle. The parameters of TIC were obtained by curve fitting. The differences of parameters were analyzed in different states of cardiac functions. Among the parameters derived from TIC, the time constant (k) was decreased significantly with decline of cardiac function (P<0.001). But half-time of decent of peak intensity (HT) and mean-transit-time (MTT) of washout were increased significantly (P<0.001). The k was strongly related to cardiac output of right ventricle (CO) and ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle and fractional shortening (FS) of left ventricle. Right ventricular systolic function could be assessed reliably by the parameters derived from TIC with right ventricular contrast echocardiography. The k, HT and MTT are reliable indices for quantitative assessment of right ventricular systolic function.
Blood Flow Velocity/physiology ; Cardiac Output ; Contrast Media ; Echocardiography ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Indicator Dilution Techniques ; Reproducibility of Results ; Systole ; Ventricular Function, Right/*physiology

ObjectiveTo find the proper way of assessing the image noise characteristic through the analysis of noise characteristic in the digital mammographic images.MethodsThe CDMAM phantom was firstly exposed with different filter materials and tube voltages in the range of 23 to 35 kVp at a fixed tube current 90 mAs,then exposed with different filter materials and tube current in the range of 20 to 200 mAs at a fixed tube voltage 29 kVp.The parameters such as background standard deviation,joint standard deviation,subtracted standard deviation and relative standard deviation were calculated and measured from both 60 pixels of signal disc and background beside of the disk for all the images.The IQFinvs were calculated for the achieved images.Non-parametric rank sum tests were used to compare the difference of the background standard deviation,joint standard deviation and subtracted standard deviation,t test was used to compare the IQFinvs between Mo and Rh filers in each group.ResultsWith the same exposure parameters in the test above,the maximum value was the background standard deviation,while the subtracted standard deviation was the minimum,and the value of joint standard deviation was in the middle. With other parameters unchanged,the values of three kind of standard deviation increased with the increasing of tube voltage or tube current,while the differences between them getting more significant.Under the condition of 90 mAs and Mo filter material,background standard deviation,joint standard deviation,subtracted standard deviation were 10.91,10.34 and 9.87,the results were 11.24,10.57 and 9.96 while Rh filter material was used,significant difference was found ( x2 =26.0,P ＜ 0.01 ). Under the condition of 29 kVp and Mo filter material,background standard deviation,joint standard deviation,subtracted standard deviation were 12.30,11.61 and 11.05,the results were 12.29,11.58 and 10.87 while Rh filter material was used,significant difference was found( x2 =20.0,P ＜ 0.01 ).The IQFinvs were 149.14 ± 23.87 and 139.16 ± 23.14 under the condition of 90 mAs and Mo filter material ( t =9.129,P ＜ 0.01 ).The IQFinvs were 149.75 ±34.85 and 145.2 ±34.64 while the parameters were 29 kVp and Rh filter material(t =1.304,P ＞0.05 ).The value of relative standard deviation decreased with the increasing of tube voltage or tube current,and the image quality got better with the decreasing of relative standard deviation.ConclusionRelative standard deviation is suitable not only for the expression of the digital mammographic images,but also for the evaluation of the image quality.

Objective To study the efficacy and the safe dosage of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in pancreatic cancer.Methods From November 2010 to May 2013,21 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were treated by HIFU at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.These patients who were randomly divided into two groups (10 and 11 patients respectively),were given a low-power (100～249 W) treatment and a high power (250 ～350 W) treatment.These two groups of 21 patients received a total of 25 times of HIFU treatment (3 patients received twice of low-power treatment,while 1 patient received twice of high-power treatment).The two groups were compared by analyzing the treatment parameters (average power,total treatment time,treatment total energy,treatment volume,etc.) and volume of tumour response as shown on postoperative imaging (CT or MRI) examinations.Also,the complications,degree of pain relief and survival were compared.The energy efficiency factor (EEF) and the ablation ratio were calculated.A preliminary study was conducted on the relationship of the ultrasound dose and the ablation effect of HIFU treatment for pancreatic cancer.Results (1) The EEF of the high-power group (≥250 W) and the low-power group (＜ 250 W) were (10.39 ± 5.71) J/mm3 and (21.62 ± 9.81) J/mm3,the former group was significantly lower than the latter group (P ＜0.05) ; the ablation ratio of the high-power group was higher than the low-power group,(91.52 ± 4.18)％ versus (51.59 ± 7.66)％ respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).(2) The efficiency factor and the ablation volume for the HIFU treatment showed a linear trend,and both were negatively correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient r =-0.485,P ＜ 0.05).(3) There was no serious complication after the HIFU treatment.In the low-power group,six of ten patients were alleviated of his pain (60％) ; the CA19-9 decreased in four of ten patients after HIFU treatment (40％).In the high-power group,nine of eleven patients were significantly relieved of pain after treatment (82％),the CA19-9 decreased in five of nine patients after HIFU treatment (56％).(4) On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,HIFU treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer,the median survival was 8 months and 9 months in the low-power group and high power group,respectively (Log-rank test x2 =0.05,P =0.944).Conclusion During HIFU treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer,if the ultrasound power was between 250 W and 350 W,there was a higher proportion of tumor ablation,but with no serious complications.Thus,this dose was safe.

Objective To establish a dual liver transplantation rat model,which could benefit the future clinical practice.Methods Y type vein derived from the crossover segment of vena cava and two iliac veins in donor and Y type bile duct prosthesis were employed to recanalize portal vein and bile duct from dual liver grafts to recipient liver.The dual right upper lobes with about 45％ ～ 50％ of the recipient liver volume were taken as donor.One was orthotopically implanted at its original position,while the other was rotated 180° sagittally and heterotopically positioned in the left upper quadrant.Survival rate was analyzed to evaluate the function of dual liver grafts.Results A total of 7 rats which underwent dual liver transplantation survived more than 7 days and the survival rate was 58.3％.5 rats died due to abdominal hemorrhage,bile leakage and liver abscess.Conclusion Using Y type vein and bile duct prosthesis,we successfully established a novel rat model of dual right upper liver lobe transplantation.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods In this study,25 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer received high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment.Liver and kidney function,CA19-9 levels,tumor size changes,pain relief,survival rate before and after treatment were evaluated.Results The blood routine test,liver and kidney function,blood amylase did not alter significantly after HIFU treatment in all patients.The CA19-9 level of 12 patients decreased.The appetite of 15 patients improved,5 patients with body weight gain after HIFU treatment.Pain was relieved after HIFU treatment in 18 cases,pain relief rate was 72％ (18/25).In 15 cases tumor ablation volume ＞ 90％ after HIFU treatment,5 patients with tumor ablation volume ＞ 50％,tumor ablation effective rate was 80％ (20/25).There were no major complications such as acute pancreatitis,gastrointestinal injury after HIFU treatment.After HIFU treatment,the median survival period was 8 months,1 year survival rate was 30％.Conclusions High-intensity focused ultrasound is a safe and effective method of palliative treatment for advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and value of applications on different surgical treatments of unstable fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine combined spinal cord injury. Methods From January 2008 to December 2011, 110 cases of unstable fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine combined spinal cord injury patients who underwent surgical reduction, decompression, stabilization and fusion were divided into three groups with different operations: anterior group of 40 cases, posterior group of 22 cases, coadunation group of 48 cases. Preoperative Frankel grade: A-class of 12 cases, B-class of 17 cases, C-class of 30 cases, D-class of 38 cases, E-class of 13 cases. The average Cobb angle, sliding distance between vertebral body and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores before operation and after operation were compared. Results All the patients were followed up for 6 -24 months, the averaged period was 16 months. Solid fusion were obtained in all the cases at 4.3 months post-operative. There were no vascular, nervous, esophagus or spinal cord iatrogenic injury complications during the operation. There were no pseudarthrosis, bone nonunion or bone resorption, and there was no complications related to internal fixation breakage, loosening or displacement. One or two degree of Frankel grade recovery was achieved after surgery. The average Cobb angle, sliding distance between vertebral body and JOA scores in three group after operation were significant improved than those before operation (P<0.05). The JOA scores in coadunation group was significantly higher than that in anterior group and posterior group:(15.8±3.7) scores vs.(13.8±5.6), (14.2±3.5) scores, P<0.05. Conclusions One-stage anterior-posterior approach surgery is an ideal choice for unstable fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine combined spinal cord injury, for it provides unlocking reduction, canal decompression, and rigid reconstruction of the anterior-posterior column.It is benefit for the functional recovery of the spinal cord. But the risk increased, according to patient' s conditions carefully choose surgical options.

Objective To compare the cuffed renal vein technique and the classical techniques in kidney transplantation.Method The classical techniques of mouse renal transplantation required clamping both vena cava and aorta simultaneously and carried out suture anastomoses of the renal artery and vein in a heterotopic position.In our laboratory,we have successfully developed mouse orthotopic kidney transplantation for the first time,using a rapid cuffed renal vein technique for vessel anastomosis,wherein the donor's renal vein was inserted through an intravenous catheter,folded back and tied.During grafting,the cuffed renal vein was directly inserted into the recipient's renal vein without the need for clamping vena cava and suturing renal vein.Result This technique allowed for the exact transplantation of the kidney into the original position,compared to the classical technique,and had significantly shortened the clamping time due to a quicker and more precise anastomosis of renal vein as described.The renal vein anastomoses time was dramatically shortened in cuffed renal vein technique (4 min) as compared with the classical technique (9 min,P＜0.001).This also allowed for a quicker recovery of the lower extremity activity,reduction in myoglobinuria with resultant kidney graft survival of 88.9％.Conclusion The cuffed renal vein technique simplifies microvascular anastomoses and affords important additional benefits.