Objective To evaluate anticoagulation without heparin during continuous venovenous hemofiltration.Methods From January to April of 2005,forty-two critically ill patients by therapy of continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH)were enrolled in our study.Nineteen patients with high risk of bleeding who had received anticoagulation without heparin were as observation group,and the rest of the patients who had received anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin were as control group.In the two groups,the replacement fluid rate was 3 000 mL/h;the therapy time was 12 hours/day;the bicarbonate replacement fluid were infused by the mode of predilution.Results The serum level of urea and creatinine were significantly decreased after treatment in the two groups,but there were no difference in the decrease of solution between the two groups.APTT was significantly extended in control group(P

Objective To obtain the most effective diagnosis method for diabetic muscle infarction by using the evidence based medicine.Methods In March 2006 we attempted to find the guideline,systematic review,random controlled trials,clinical controlled trials and case reports for the diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction by searching Cochrane Library(Issue 4,2005),Embase(1974—2005),Medline(1966—2005)and CNKI database(1949—2005),then critically appraised the quality of available evidences.Results According to the present evidence,when the the patient was suspected to have diabetic muscle infarction,we should choose the sonography to exclude some common diseases at first;the CT examination of all the patients showed no obvious manifestations;the normal MRI examination of 67 patients showed obvious manifestations;the patients who did the muscle biopsy or needle biopsy did not develop any complications.Conclusion The diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction should be based on the clinical presentations and MRI outcome,but when the diagnosis is uncertain,we should use the needle biopsy to confirm the diagnosis at an early time.

Objective To analyze the validity of Caprini venous thrombosis risk assessment model (Caprini RAM) in the tunneled cuffed dialysis catheters (TCCs) dysfunction patients with central venous thrombosis (CVT).Methods A total of 187 maintenance hemodialysis patients with TCCs dysfunction admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2013 to September 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the chest computed tomography venography results,patients were divided into CVT group and non CVT group.Their general clinical data (age,gender,primary diseases,history of dialysis access,etc.),blood biochemical data (hemoglobin,serum albumin,blood lipid,etc.) and 40 risk factors of Caprini RAM were collected.Caprini RAM scores were computed for risk stratification of thrombosis.Two groups were compared to analyze the value of Caprini RAM in these patients by statistics.Results One hundred and twenty CVT patients and sixty-seven non CVT patients were enrolled.In CVT group the duration of dialysis,hemoglobin and hematocrit were higher than those in non CVT group (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender,age,primary diseases,duration of catheter dependence,catheter tip position,usage of urokinase (all P ＞ 0.05).The average score of Caprini RAM in CVT group and non CVT group did not show statistical difference (6.23+ 1.81 vs 6.19+ 1.95,P=0.913).All patients were stratified into higher risk level and highest risk level according to Caprini RAM.Higher risk level patients accounted for 18.18％ and highest risk level patients accounted for 81.82％.As patients with inequable Caprini RAM scores,their incidence of CVT did not differ statistically (x2=0.105,P=0.746).CVT incidence rate of higher risk level patients was 61.76％,and of highest risk level patients was 64.70％.Conclusions Caprini RAM verifies that maintenance hemodialysis patients with TCCs dysfunction have high risk of venous thrombosis,but this model fails to distinguish patients between CVT group and non CVT group.Its clinical diagnosis is relatively limited and needs to be further explored.

Objective To explore the effects of intra-jugular vein dual lumen catheter lock heparin in different concentrations on the coagulation function,hemorrhagic tendency and catheter thrombosis risk in hemodialysis patients,and to investigate the reasonable lock heparin cuncentration. Method Ninety end stage renal disease (ESRD)patients receiving regular hemodialysis were enrolled and randomly assigned into 3 groups(n=30):Group A(pure heparin lock solution,6250 U/m1),GrouP B(medium heparin lock solution,1040 U/ml)and Group C(low hepafin lock solution,625 U/ml).The coagulation indexes were determined in short term.Complications such as bleeding,thrombosis,infection and thrombocytopenia were monitored.Results Prothrombin time(PT),actiwtted partial thromboplastin time(APTT)and thrombin time (TT)were significantly prolonged in Group A(P＜0.01);only APTT was signifieanlly prolonged in Group B:however,no significant changes were observed in Group C.Hemorrhage risk was much higher in Group A than that in Group B and C (26.7%vs 10%and 0.P＜0.05).Catheter thrombosis incidence was significantly higher in Group C than that in Group A and B(23.3%vs 0and 10%,P＜0.05).Only 1 suspected catheter related infection was found in Group C,and 2cases of moderated thrombocytopenia in Group A. Concltrsion Moderate concentration of lock heparin solution has the best balance of hemorrhagic and thrombotic risk,and should be recommended to most of regular hemodialysis patients.

Objective To evaluate clinical value of interventional radiology in difficult extraction of stuck tunnel hemodialysis catheter (TCC).Methods Maintenance hemodialysis patients who required removal of stuck TCC in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled.Medical history and preoperative examinations were carefully evaluated.Patients were pulled rotationally the catheter under the fluoroscopy guidance and exchanged the TCC.The information and procedure-related complication were recorded.Balloon dilation or snare technique would be used when failed to remove the stuck catheter.Results A total of 22 patients were enrolled,with an average age of (67.2±18.5) years,a median dialysis time of 54(18,106) months,and catheter indwelling time of 37(14,82) months.All patients were successfully removed the stuck catheter,among which 18 cases (81.8％) had fibrin sheath and 13 cases with sheath calcification.TCC mainly stuck in the junction of internal jugular vein and innominate vein,middle and lower innominate vein and middle part of superior vena cava.No procedure-related major complication occurred.Sixteen cases (72.7％) complained of transient substernal extraction pain and 1 case occurred groin hematoma during operation.Conclusions Catheter incarceration problem should be alert to the hemodialysis patients with catheter indwelling time of more than 2-3 years.The minimally invasive interventional techniques including rotationally pull-out under fluoroscopy guidance and balloon angioplasty are safe and effective in removal of the stuck TCC.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of hypotension in patients with hemodialysis-related superior vena cava diseases.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. The maintenance hemodialysis patients diagnosed as superior vena cava stenosis ≥50% or occlusion in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2022 were selected. The patients were divided into hypotensive group and non-hypotensive group according to the occurrence of hypotension during non-dialysis period. The differences of general clinical data, cardiac ultrasound parameters and blood biochemical indexes between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of hypotension in patients with hemodialysis-related superior vena cava lesions.Results:A total of 202 patients with hemodialysis-related superior vena cava lesions were included, of whom 84 patients (41.6%) developed hypotension during non-dialysis. Compared with the non-hypotensive group, patients in the hypotensive group had longer dialysis age ( Z=2.093, P=0.036), shorter left atrial diameter ( t=2.316, P=0.022), lower aortic valve orifice flow rate ( t=3.702, P=0.001) and serum calcium ( t=2.320, P=0.021), thicker left ventricular posterior wall ( t=3.042, P=0.003), lower proportions of hypertension history ( χ2=9.125, P=0.003), and higher proportion of residual superior vena cava ≤30% or occlusion ( χ2=8.940, P=0.003) and azygous vein opening ( χ2=11.067, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that no history of hypertension ( OR=0.383, 95% CI 0.156-0.943, P=0.037), slow aortic valve orifice flow ( OR=0.207, 95% CI 0.062-0.695, P=0.011) and low blood calcium ( OR=0.236, 95% CI 0.066-0.841, P=0.026) were the independent influencing factors of hypotension in patients with hemodialysis-related superior vena cava diseases. Conclusions:Hemodialysis patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of the superior vena cava during non-dialysis have a higher risk of hypotension. No history of hypertension, slow aortic valve orifice flow, and low blood calcium are the independent risk factors of hypotension in patients with hemodialysis-related superior vena cava diseases.

Objective To assess the value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in left ventricular structure and function in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD).Methods Twenty-five patients with ESRD and 10 healthy subjects underwent CMR.Left ventricular end diastolic volume(EDV),end-diastolic diameter(EDD),end-systolic volume(ESV),end-systolic diameter(ESD),stroke volume(SV),ejection fraction(EF),LVM and interventricular septum (IVS) thickness were measured and compared.The parameters from CMR and 2DTTE were compared.Results The EF in patients with ESRD was significantly lower than that in controls (P＜0.001),while ESV,ESD,IVS and LVM were respectively higher than these in controls (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference (P＞0.05) in ESV between CMR and 2DTTE,but EF of CMR was significantly higher than this of 2DTTE (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference (P =0.296) in left ventricular systolic functional category.Bland-Altman plots showed a good agreement between the two methods.Conclusion CMR is a helpful tool to assess left ventricular structure and function in patients with ESRD.

Objective To observe the incidence,clinical characteristics,related factors,adverse events during hospitalization and short-term prognosis of postprandial hypotension (PPH) in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight elderly patients with coronary heart disease hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology,Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected as the research subjects.They were monitored by 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.According to the diagnostic criteria of PPH,they were divided into postprandial hypotension group (PPH group) 34 cases and non-postprandial hypotension group (NPPH group) 134 cases.The clinical characteristics,risk factors related to PPH,occurrence of adverse events and prognosis of all-cause death,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results Among 168 elderly patients with coronary heart disease,thirty-four patients had PPH,and the incidence rate was 20.2％ (34/168).The average systolic blood pressure before meals in PPH group was (139.8± 18.6) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The proportion of taking calcium antagonists was 50.0％ (17/34) higher than that in NPPH group (127.4± 13.2) mmHg,27.6％ (37/134).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t =6.463,x2=6.232,P＜ 0.05).PPH was higher in breakfast and dinner than in lunch;the higher the basal systolic blood pressure level,the higher the incidence of PPH.Logistic regression analysis showed that the basal systolic blood pressure level and age were positively correlated with the occurrence of PPH (r =0.301,r =0.208,P＜ 0.05).Follow-up for 26 months showed that the incidence of all-cause death and cerebrovascular events in PPH group was higher than that in NPPH group (x2 =5.800,11.560,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of PPH in elderly patients with coronary heart disease during hospitalization is 20.2％.Breakfast and dinner at three meals are prone to PPH.Older age and high systolic blood pressure level will increase the incidence of PPH.PPH will increase the incidence of mid-term all-cause death and cerebrovascular events.

Humans ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Renal Dialysis ; Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling