OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in lung injury and oxidative stress of sprague-Dawleyy (SD) rats at different times after single intratracheal instillation of potassium dichromate.

METHODSA total of 50 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and potassium dichromate group. The potassium dichromate group and the control group received 3 ml/kg intratracheal instillation of K2Cr2O7 (1.5 mg/kg) and normal saline, respectively. Rats in these two groups were sacrificed in batches at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure. The changes in the following indices were observed and analyzed: body weight, lung coefficient, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in lung homogenate, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in serum.

RESULTSThe rats in the potassium dichromate group had significantly decreased body weight on day 1 and day 3 after exposure than the control group (P<0.05). Lung coefficient increased significantly on day 7 (P<0.05) and kept increasing until the end of the experiment. The potassium dichromate group had a significantly higher activity of AKP than the control group on day 1 and day 7 after exposure (P<0.05). However, the potassium dichromate group had a significantly lower activity of GSH-Px than the control group on day 1 and day 3 after exposure (P<0.05). And the potassium dichromate group had a lower activity of reduced GSH than the control group on day 3 and day 7 after exposure.

CONCLUSIONSingle intratracheal instillation of 1.5 mg/kg potassium dichromate could result in lung inflammatory injury. of SD rats, and the injury is more severe on day 7 after exposure. Body injury is related to antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant.activity cannot recover completely on day 28 after exposure.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glutathione ; blood ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Potassium Dichromate ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Human sexuality has both its sociological nature and biological nature. Advances in molecular biology has unveiled almost all the biological mysteries of human sexuality. However, many problems in the psychological and sociological aspects have not yet been thoroughly studied. As a matter of fact, these psychological and sociological factors have much influence on sexuality than those biological ones. This paper briefly introduces some factors affecting male sexual psychology, including masturbation and other common sexual psychological dysfunctions.
Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; psychology ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological

Objective:To investigate the effects of clinically achievable dose of lovastatin on prostate cancer PC3 cells.Methods:PC3 prostate cancer cells were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),or lovastain only,or lovastatin with mevalonic acid for 24,48 and 72 hours respectively.MTT assay was used to detect the cell viability.By means of [3H] thymidine incorporation tests,the effects of lovastatin on cell proliferation were analyzed.Western blot was used to detect activated casepase3,caspase7,and cleaved PARP(cPARP),the important molecules on the apoptosis pathway.Results:Cell proliferation of PC3 was significantly inhibited by 39.29%[(63.69%?3.69%) vs(102.98%?6.84%),P=0.000] after 48 h treatment with lovastatin at its clinically achievable dose of 2 ?mol/L.After 72 hours the cell proliferation was inhibited by 44.24% [(52.79%?9.88%) vs(97.03%?0.87%),P=0.048].The cell number was also markedly decreased(4.86?105 ? 0.10?105) vs(9.66?105?0.10?105),P=0.000] after 72 h treatment at this low concentration of 2 ?mol/L.The viability of PC3 cells was significantly decreased 50.12%(56.52%?6.40%) vs(106.64%?5.27%),P=0.000] and 60.05%(41.99%?11.64%) vs(102.94%?8.49%),P=0.000] after 48 h and 72 h treatment,respectively.In addition,2 ?mol/L lovastatin induced activation of casepase7 and led the death substrate PARP to cleavage.Conclusion:Clinically achievable dose of lovastatin inhibits prostate cancer PC3 cell proliferation and induces PC3 cell apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge and AIDS-related behaviors among youth students in gay dating sites, and to provide evidences for AIDS prevention education through the internet.Methods: The students in gay dating sites, selected by a snowball sampling, were interviewed by questionnaires.Chi-square tests were used to analyze the awareness of AIDS knowledge among the students of different characteristics.The Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with ever testing for HIV.Results: In the study, 469 youth students in gay dating sites filled in the questionnaires, and a total of 442 (94.2%) valid samples were collected.The awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge for the public among the youth students in gay dating sites was 83.9% (371).The awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge for the youth students was 77.1% (341), and the rate of ever testing for HIV was 52.0% (230).The awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge for the public in the students were different in different age groups (P=0.001), different marital statuses (P<0.001), different sexual orientations (P<0.001), and different genders of the first sexual partner (P<0.001).The awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge for the youth students were different in different age groups (P=0.010), different marital status (P=0.004), different sexual orientations (P<0.001), and different genders of the first sexual partner (P<0.001).The rate of ever having sexual intercourse among the youth students in gay dating sites was 75.1% (332), and the rate of multiple sexual partnerships among the youth students was 41.3% (137).Compared with homosexual orientation, sexual orientation as heterosexual (OR=0.282,95%CI:0.151 to 0.528) and not sure (OR=0.175,95%CI: 0.035 to 0.885) were risk factors of ever testing for HIV.Multiple sexual partnerships (OR=2.103,95%CI:1.278 to 3.462) were promoting factors of ever testing for HIV.Conclusion: The rate of high-risk behaviors among the youth students in gay dating sites was high.The concern should be raised to heterosexual male students who had tendency to homosexual behavior.The AIDS prevention education should be developed in gay dating sites, to improve the self-protection awareness of the youth students.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of 5-fluorouracil-FU in combination with astragalus membranaceus(AM) on amino acid metabolism in mice model of gastric carcinoma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene(MC).

METHODSMice gastric carcinoma models were established by 3-methylcholanthrene induction and randomly divided into different groups, and received 5-FU treatment (group A) 5-FU plus AM (group B), 5-FU plus a high dose of AM(group C), no treatment (group D). Normal mice were used as control (group N). Free amino acid in the tumor specimens were examined.

RESULTSThe levels of free Valine, Methionine, Leucine, Arginine and cystine in the tumor specimens in group D were significantly higher than that in group N(P< 0.05). The levels of free serine in group A, B, C, D were significantly higher than that in group N. The levels of free glutamic acid in group A, B were significantly higher than that in group N(P< 0.05). The levels of free proline in group C, D were significantly higher than that in group P, N(P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe increasing levels of free serine and proline in tumor specimens in gastric cancer mice model reveals metabolic disturbance of amino acid. 5-FU plus astragalus membranaceus can decrease the level of free glutamic acid in the mice models, and inhibit tumor growth.

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; Fluorouracil ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Phytotherapy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism

The character of the membrane of fiber can be simulated by nonpower RC network on condition that the offset of distance between the transmembrane potential of unmyelinated nerve fiber and the resting potential of nerve fiber cell is small enough. Thus, it is possible to found the successive cable equation with external stimulation under subthreshold linear state. So far, most scholars use time-domain analysis method. In this paper are reported the method of integral transform and the analytical expression of cable equation under the stimulation of point electrical source firstly. And at the same time, computer-aided simulation of transmembrane potential of nerve fiber and analysis of the possibility of activating action potential are presented.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; physiology

Membrane separation, as an efficient and green technology, has found more and more research and development reports in the separation and purification of the effective parts and components of traditional Chinese medicine. The basic principle and mechanism was first described in this paper, and the applicability and technological advantage was analyzed accordingly. Then, the separation performance of commonly employed membrane materials including polymeric materials such as polysulfones, cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile as well as inorganic materials was compared out and the application examples were presented. Finally, the major considerations in choosing the membrane materials were tentatively listed, including the physical and chemical stability, the flux and selectivity, membrane fouling, and pretreatment of membrane surface.
Acrylic Resins ; Cellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Membranes, Artificial ; Polymers ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To study the effects of Xuebijing injection,somatostatin monotherapy and their combination therapy on the improvement of inflammation and prognosis in acute severe pancreatitis.Methods A total of 90 patients with acute severe pancreatitis treated in our hospital were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into group A,group B and group C,with 30 cases in each group.The patients in group A were treated with Xuebijing injection alone,and the patients in group B were treated with somatostatin alone,and patients in group C were treated with Xuebijing injection and somatostatin,and all the treatment was lasted for 7 days.The alleviation time of clinical symptoms,improvement of inflammation and prognosis in three groups before and after treatment were observed and compared.Results After treatment,the anal defecation recovery time,abdominal pain relief time,bowel sounds recovery time and abdominal distension time in the three groups were lower than treatment before,and group C were lower than group A and group B (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly lower in group C than those in group A and group B (P ＜0.05).The APACHE-Ⅱ scores after treatment was higher than treatment before,and C group was lower than A group,B group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Xuebijing injection in combined with somatostatin for acute severe pancreatitis has significantly better efficacy than monotherapy,and it can improve the efficacy of inflammation treatment,and prognosis.

Objective To study the effects of Xuebijing injection,somatostatin monotherapy and their combination therapy on the improvement of inflammation and prognosis in acute severe pancreatitis.Methods A total of 90 patients with acute severe pancreatitis treated in our hospital were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into group A,group B and group C,with 30 cases in each group.The patients in group A were treated with Xuebijing injection alone,and the patients in group B were treated with somatostatin alone,and patients in group C were treated with Xuebijing injection and somatostatin,and all the treatment was lasted for 7 days.The alleviation time of clinical symptoms,improvement of inflammation and prognosis in three groups before and after treatment were observed and compared.Results After treatment,the anal defecation recovery time,abdominal pain relief time,bowel sounds recovery time and abdominal distension time in the three groups were lower than treatment before,and group C were lower than group A and group B (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly lower in group C than those in group A and group B (P ＜0.05).The APACHE-Ⅱ scores after treatment was higher than treatment before,and C group was lower than A group,B group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Xuebijing injection in combined with somatostatin for acute severe pancreatitis has significantly better efficacy than monotherapy,and it can improve the efficacy of inflammation treatment,and prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo construct an apparatus for the oxygen uptake measurement of rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia at different simulated altitude.

METHODSThe capacity of this apparatus was about 0.01 m3. It included animal experimental cabin, reference cabin, altimeter, altitude vertical velocity indicator, pressure difference inductor and oxygen compensator, low scale manometer, soda lime and calcium chloride, small fan, thermometer, circulating water system and vacuum pump. The oxygen uptake of the rats at 6 000 m, 4 000 m and 1 000 m simulated altitude was measured using this apparatus.

RESULTSThe oxygen uptake of the rats at 50 m, 4 000 m and 6 000 m simulated altitude was (24.4 +/- 2.1), (10.8 +/- 2.0) and (8.8 +/- 1.6) ml O2/(kg x min) respectively (average +/- s, n = 10). The oxygen uptake decreased as altitude increased.

CONCLUSIONThis apparatus can be used to measure the oxygen uptake of the rats at different simulated altitude.

Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Equipment and Supplies ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley