OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in lung injury and oxidative stress of sprague-Dawleyy (SD) rats at different times after single intratracheal instillation of potassium dichromate.

METHODSA total of 50 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and potassium dichromate group. The potassium dichromate group and the control group received 3 ml/kg intratracheal instillation of K2Cr2O7 (1.5 mg/kg) and normal saline, respectively. Rats in these two groups were sacrificed in batches at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure. The changes in the following indices were observed and analyzed: body weight, lung coefficient, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in lung homogenate, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in serum.

RESULTSThe rats in the potassium dichromate group had significantly decreased body weight on day 1 and day 3 after exposure than the control group (P<0.05). Lung coefficient increased significantly on day 7 (P<0.05) and kept increasing until the end of the experiment. The potassium dichromate group had a significantly higher activity of AKP than the control group on day 1 and day 7 after exposure (P<0.05). However, the potassium dichromate group had a significantly lower activity of GSH-Px than the control group on day 1 and day 3 after exposure (P<0.05). And the potassium dichromate group had a lower activity of reduced GSH than the control group on day 3 and day 7 after exposure.

CONCLUSIONSingle intratracheal instillation of 1.5 mg/kg potassium dichromate could result in lung inflammatory injury. of SD rats, and the injury is more severe on day 7 after exposure. Body injury is related to antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant.activity cannot recover completely on day 28 after exposure.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glutathione ; blood ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Potassium Dichromate ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

China ; epidemiology ; Circoviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Circoviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; DNA Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; virology ; DNA Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis Viruses ; genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfusion Reaction

Objective: To analyze the effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on the cardiac function and serum N terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level in elderly patients with heart failure. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2017, 150 elderly patients (aged 80 years) with heart failure in the 117th Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army were selected in the research.According to the digital random list method, the patients were divided into two groups, with 75 cases in each group.The control group was given nitroglycerin treatment, and the observation group was given rhBNP treatment.The levels of serum NT-proBNP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), clinical efficacy and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the levels of serum NT-proBNP in the two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and the level of NT-proBNP in the observation group [(2 964.42±607.25)pg/mL] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(4 213.57±524.07)pg/mL] (t=13.49, P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of LVEF in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the level of LVEF in the observation group [(51.26±4.77)%] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(46.03±5.22)%] (t=6.41, P<0.01). The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.67%(71/75), which was significantly higher than 70.67%(53/75) of the control group (χ²=13.45, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of complications such as headache, blood pressure drop, renal function deterioration and tachycardia etc.in the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion rhBNP in the treatment of elderly patients with heart failure can effectively improve the symptoms of dyspnea and systemic symptoms, reduce serum NT-proBNP levels, improve heart function, and will not cause serious complications, with good safety, so it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical significance of extracapsular extension (ECE) of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer.

METHODSThe clinicopathological data of 1230 cases of nodal positive breast cancer treated in our department from 1989 to 1995 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS486 (39.5%) from the 1230 cases were ECE positive. There was a higher incidence of ECE in postmenopausal women than premenopausal ones (47.5% versus 35.5%, respectively, P < 0.001). The patients in ECE positive group had a larger tumor size (5.11 +/- 2.53 cm versus 3.90 +/- 1.80 cm, P < 0.001). 18.3% of patients with stage T1 were ECE positive, stage T2 were 36.4%, and stage T3 were 54.4%, and the difference was significant (P < 0.001). ECE was correlated with the number of positive axillary lymph nodes. The ECE positive group had more positive nodes than ECE negative group (16.96 +/- 12.16 versus 5.24 +/- 6.60, P < 0.001). 6.1% of patients with 1 positive node were ECE positive, 13.5% with 2 - 3, 35.8% with 4 - 9, 62.3% with 10 - 19, and 84.0% with more than 20 positive axillary nodes, and there was a significant difference among those groups (P < 0.001). ECE had no association with ER/PR status (P = 0.706). ECE was a risk factor of local-regional recurrence, but the relapse time had no significant difference (P = 0.559). ECE was also a risk factor of distant metastasis, and the relapse time had a significant difference (P < 0.001). The median metastasis free time was 30.0 (2 approximately 172) months in ECE positive group, while 37.5 (2 approximately 170) months in ECE negative group (P = 0.006). CE occurred in 60.4% of the patients with firstly diagnosed bone, skin and distant lymph node metastasis, but in 42.0% of the patients with firstly diagnosed visceral metastasis (P = 0.001). The metastasis-free survival rate, locoregional recurrence-free survival rate and overall survival rate of the ECE positive group were much shorter than that of the ECE negative group. COX proportional hazard regression single factor analysis and multi-factor analysis suggested that ECE is an independent factor of metastasis-free survival, locoregional free recurrence and overall survival.

CONCLUSIONThe presence of ECE in breast cancer is positively related with tumor size and the number of positive lymph nodes. It is also a risk factor of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis. ECE positive group has a much shorter metastasis-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival and overall survival. ECE is a risk factor of those three indexes.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Cisplatin ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; Methotrexate ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postmenopause ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate