Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) in elderly patients showed less well response to therapy as well as relative poor prognosis, due to features of both host and disease biology in the elder. During the past decade, treatments for elderly AML have yielded some advances, including improvements in conventional chemotherapy, application of novel chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy approaches, and investigation of epigenetic drugs and targeted therapies, to which some subgroups in clinical trials have showed better response. These advances in current treatments of elderly AML will be reviewed.

Glycated hemoglobin plays an important role in diabetes management.International standardization of HbA1c initiated 20 years ago and has been performed successfully.The standardization of HbA1c in China has been started several years 3 labs have become approved laboratories of IFCC reference network.Reference methods were applied to transfer trueness in the national trueness verification project.The measurement performance of HbA1c testing have improved in recent years and the between-lab CVs reduced evidently.All participants will continue efforts to improve HbA1c testing to fulfill the clinical needs.

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry is a reliable principle for small molecule analyte measurements.It is a precise,accurate method with very high specificity,which is very suitable for lowconcentration steroid hormones tests.The published reference methods are all based on this principle so far.In this paper,the applications of isotope dilution mass spectrometry in the determination of steroid hormones were reviewed.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain, which causes learning and memory to become seriously impaired. AD not only influences the patient's quality of life, but also places a great burden on caregivers. With the increasing of aging population, the pressures can be wide-ranging, involving social, psychological, physical, and economic elements of the caregivers' life.The cause and progression of Alzheimer's disease are not well understood. Currently used treatments include pharmaceutical and psychosocial ones, each offering a small symptomatic benefit. Actually, there are still no available medicines and treatments to delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, the development of a new ideal medicine to treat AD patients becomes the first priority. In recent years, most researchers have turned to natural products, hoping to find a drug candidate to cure AD patient. Baicalein, a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from Scutellaria Baicalensis (Chinese herb), has been demonstrated holding the properties of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidant, and improving learning and memory of human brain. Baicalein is becoming a potential ideal medicine for treating AD patient.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA -216a(miR -216a)in patients suf-fering with breast cancer ,and identify the function and mechanism of miR -216 a on autophagy .Methods The expression of miR-216 a in 30 tumor tissues and paired normal tissue of breast cancer were detected by qRT -PCR.Inhibiton of miR-216a in MCF-7 cell lines was done by transfection of miR -216a inhibitor ( AMO-216a).Cell viability was detected by MTT assay .The level of Beclin 1 was detected by western blot .Results The level of miR-216 a was significant elevated in tumor tissue .Cell viability was markedly decreased owing to inhibition of miR-216a in MCF-7 cells.The level of Beclin 1 was significantly increased by transfection of miR-216a inhibitor in MCF-7cells(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of miR-216a is increased in breast canc-er tissue, and it might at least in part promote breast cancer via downregulating Beclin 1 and affecting autophagy .

MiRNA is a class of small endogenous non -coding molecule RNA with regulatory functions , which regulates the target genes at the post -transcriptional level by binding with 3′untranslated regions (3′UTR) specifically.Nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB)is a kind of significant intranuclear transcription factor .Being activ-ized,it easily combines with the fixed nucleotide sequence in promoter region to initiate gene transcription and participates in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer .Recent researches showed that miRNA not only influ-ences on tumor invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of downstream target gene NF -κB,and itself also could be regulated by NF -κB transcription factors .This essay mainly narrates the expression of microRNA and NF-κB in gastric carcinoma ,and summarize the influence to the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by regulating thier expression interction .

We wished to understand the genetic characteristics of enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) virus type 6 (ECHO6) circulating in China. First, the partial VP1 coding region of six strains of the ECH-O6 virus isolated from cases of hand, foot and mouth diseases during routine surveillance in Hunan Province (China) from 2009 to 2014 were sequenced. Those sequences were analyzed along with 138 sequences of ECHO viruses covering five provinces of China and countries outside China retrieved from the GenBank database. A phylogenetic tree based on partial VPI was constructed, and it indicated that Chinese strains of the ECHO virus could form two distinct evolutionary branches: branch 1 and branch 2. All isolates of the ECHO virus from Hunan Province belonged to the 2c subranch, which revealed that they may share a common evolutionary origin. ECHO strains in branch 2 may be the predominant strains in China due to their wide geographic distribution and long period of circulation. We used nucleotide differences of >30%o as the basis of cluster division. ECHO, viruses could be divided into four clusters (A-D). Cluster D could be divided further into ten subclusters on the basis of nucleotide differences of 15%-30%. All ECHO6 isolates from Hunan Province belonged to the D7 subcluster. These data showed that the ECHO6 strains that circulated in Hunan Province in 2009-2014 were closely related to each other, and probably shared a common evolutionary origin. In addition, at least four distinct lineages of ECHO viruses have circulated in China.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Echovirus 6, Human ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Echovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To verify the trueness and assess the traceability of results from a routine chemistry system procedure for measurement of urea and ereatinine in serun.Methods Series of fresh frozen patieot sera,whose values of urea or creatinine were assigned by isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (ID-GC/MS) or isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS),were chosen to be analyzed by a routine chemistry system.The measurement results of urea and creatinine by the routine chemistry system were used for linear regression analysis against the assigned values bv the ID-MS method to calculate the percentage deviation and assess the expected bias.Results For urea and creatinine,the linear regression equations between the routine chemistry system and ID-MS methods were Y =0.9890X + 0.0192 (R2 =0.9990) and Y =0.9815X-6.4794 (R2 =0.9989),and the average percentage bias were-0.41％ (P ＞0.05) and-4.20％ (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The expected percentage bias at three medical decision levels were-0.46％,-0.83％ and-0.96％ for urea and -15.90％,-5.87％ and-2.95％ for creatinine.Conclusions The results of urea analyzed by the routine chemistry system were consistent with the ID-MS method,which suggested that the results of the routine system procedure could be traced to ID-GC/MS method.For creatinine,the bias between the results of routine procedures and the assigned values met the minimum acceptance criteria' derived from biologic deviations,which would be better if its specificity improved.

Objective To assess system deviation of HbA1c measurement in clinical laboratories in China by the national trueness verification project.Methods Bias assessing research.Two lots samples of human whole blood pools with different HbA1c concentration levels were prepared and sent to laboratories by dry ice package.Laboratories were asked to measure these samples in 5 repeats per set in three consecutive Wednesday separately,results were reported through Web-based software.Meanwhile the IFCC reference measurement procedure was applied to assign HbA1c reference values for the two lots samples.The following information or data were analyzed:measurement systems,intra-lab CVs and inter-lab robust CVs of all laboratories,inter-lab robust CVs and bias based on peer groups,et.al.The criterion of bias was set at ± 4.5％.Results 106 of 120 laboratories submitted results,including 88 using high performance liquid chromatography method,13 using immune turbidimetry method and 5 using enzymatic methods the intra-lab CVs of lot 201311 ranged from 0 to 4.6％,with median of 1.1％,while for lot 201312 the intra-lab precision ranged from CV0 to CV4.5％,with median of CV0.9％.The inter-lab robust CVs of 201311 and 201312 with single determinations were 5.6％ and 6.1％ and inter-lab robust CVs of 201311 and 201312 of each lab's average results were 5.9％ and 5.6％ respectively.The inter-lab CVs of group BIO-RAD,TOSOH,ARKRAY and PRIMUS at two level were less than 5％.For all laboratories,the percents of pass of 201311 and 201312 were 61/106(57.5％) and 56/106(52.8％) respectively.The pass ratio of each group on two lots were as follows:of group BIO-RAD were both 19/45 (42.2％),of group TOSOH were 85％ (17/20) and 75％ (15/20),of group ARKRAY were 71.4％ (10/14) and 50％ (7/14),of group PRIMUS were 6/8,5/8; of group immune turbidimetric method were both 46.2％ (6/13) and of group enzymatic were both 3/5.Conclusions There were improvement for the performance of trueness of HbA1c measurement in domestic laboratories,while some of them should be addressed.Academic,research institutions,EQA organizer,manufacturers and clinical laboratories should work together to achieve the standardization of HbA1c measurement.

Objective To develop a gel permeation chromatography method for determination of content and molecular weight ( Mw ) of Mussel Polysaccharide.Methods Using GPC method, the sample was separated with TSK-gel GMPWXL(7.8 mm ×300 mm) chromatography column which was set at 35℃.The mobile phase was 0.05 mol/mL NaNO3(including 0.05%Na2N3) and the flow rate was 0.6 mL/min.The detector was RID-20AT. Results The average molecular weight of the polysaccharide of Mytilus coruscus was 1 261 411 and the average content was 88.6%by using of the calibration curves of dextrans.The average molecular weight of the polysaccharide of Mytilus edulis was 1 244 062 and the average content was 87.4%. Conclusion The method established in this paper is simple and rapid, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of Mussel Polysaccharide.