Purpose To evaluate the value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) scan in the diagnosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the findings of plain CT scan and triphasic dynamic contrast enhanced CT scan of 23 patients with papillary renal cell confirmed pathologically, and further contrasted with the findings of 96 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma at corresponding phases in such aspects as cystic degeneration, enhancement degree and pattern (homogeneous, peripheral or heterogeneous) and tumor spreading pattern (perinephric invasion, lymphadenopathy or venous invasion). Results The degree of enhancement CT value for both diseases showed statistical significance in corticomedullary phase, parenchymal phase and excretory phase (t=9.70, 8.08, 5.92;P<0.01), but papillary renal cell carcinoma was lower than clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In terms of cystic degeneration, papillary renal cell carcinoma was significantly lower than clear cell renal cell carcinoma (21.7%vs 54.2%,χ2=7.54, P<0.01). Papillary renal cell carcinoma mainly showed homogeneous enhancement (60.9%) whereas clear cell renal cell carcinoma mainly presented heterogeneous enhancement (68.8%) with statistical difference (χ2=30.40, P<0.01). The tumor spreading patterns like perinephric invasion, lymphadenopathy and venous invasion had no significant difference (χ2=0.51, 0.11, 0.03;P>0.05). Conclusion Papillary renal cell carcinoma shows homogeneous enhancement, seldom cystic degeneration or necrosis on MSCT scan, which is helpful for the differential diagnosis from clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

We wished to understand the genetic characteristics of enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) virus type 6 (ECHO6) circulating in China. First, the partial VP1 coding region of six strains of the ECH-O6 virus isolated from cases of hand, foot and mouth diseases during routine surveillance in Hunan Province (China) from 2009 to 2014 were sequenced. Those sequences were analyzed along with 138 sequences of ECHO viruses covering five provinces of China and countries outside China retrieved from the GenBank database. A phylogenetic tree based on partial VPI was constructed, and it indicated that Chinese strains of the ECHO virus could form two distinct evolutionary branches: branch 1 and branch 2. All isolates of the ECHO virus from Hunan Province belonged to the 2c subranch, which revealed that they may share a common evolutionary origin. ECHO strains in branch 2 may be the predominant strains in China due to their wide geographic distribution and long period of circulation. We used nucleotide differences of >30%o as the basis of cluster division. ECHO, viruses could be divided into four clusters (A-D). Cluster D could be divided further into ten subclusters on the basis of nucleotide differences of 15%-30%. All ECHO6 isolates from Hunan Province belonged to the D7 subcluster. These data showed that the ECHO6 strains that circulated in Hunan Province in 2009-2014 were closely related to each other, and probably shared a common evolutionary origin. In addition, at least four distinct lineages of ECHO viruses have circulated in China.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Echovirus 6, Human ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Echovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Young Adult

According to the clinical requirements of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, this paper established a simulation system for cardiac surgery which consists of venous reservoir, variable balance chamber, blood suction bag, ventricle suction bag, resistance valves, pressure gauges and tubings. Using the proposed system, perfusionists can mimic the implementation of pre-established surgery strategy, predict various abnormal conditions in the operation, and accordingly take the urgent actions so as to improve the success rate of surgery and to ensure the safety of patients.
Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; instrumentation ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Heart ; Humans ; Suction

This study was aimed to summarize the adverse drug reaction (ADR) caused by the toxicity of Tripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations, in order to explore possible relationship betweenTripterygium Wilfordiifactors and reported ADR. Relevant articles on toxicity ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations were systematically searched in 5 databases, including the Pubmed, CNKI,Wanfang Data, VIP Data and Sinomed from the database was established until Feb 25th, 2014. And then, the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically collected, analyzed and summarized. The results showed that there were 260 RCTs with 13301 patients included. The outcome of data analysis showed that ADR rates of digestive system and reproductive system of RCT1 and RCT2 were different. ADR rates (per hundred people) in RCT1 and RCT2 were as follows: digestive system were 14.73 and 12.26, reproductive system were 8.25 and 8.00, liver was 6.50 and 5.66, kidneys were 6.79 and 3.03, blood system were 6.73 and 6.50, cardiovascular system were 2.35 and 0.67, skin and mucous system were 11.42 and 4.78, respectively. Articles on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of both RCT1 and RCT2 were the highest, which occupied 22.17% in RCT1 and 63.16% in RCT2. The corresponding ADR rates were 34.18 and 27.26. The standard deviation (SD) of 7 disease types, which were RA, IgA nephropathy, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome (NS), diabetic nephropathy, psoriasis, lichen and rashes, as well as uterine fibroids, was 8.69 in RCT1. The SD of RA, IgA nephropathy, psoriasis, lichen and rashes was 7.11 in RCT2. It was concluded that the possible ADR distribution ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations were the highest in the digestive system, reproductive system and liver. Besides, different diseases (i.e., RA, nephritis, NS, and etc.) had huge differences with their correspondent ADR rates. Therefore, it was suggested that specific measures should be taken to select the appropriateTripterygium Wilfordiipreparation, protect the stomach and liver during the application ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations. During medication, attentions should be paid to the reaction of patients. Stop the medication when necessary to minimize ADR rates to the lowest.

Objective To study the applicability of a new analytical specification defined in WS/T 403-2012 in the external quality assessment schemes and the external comparision of internal quality control .Methods It was a quality management method study.Total error allowable criterions listed in WS/T 403-2012 and GB/T 20470-2006 were selected to assess the results of 23 analytes in the 1st challenge of 2013 routine chemistry external quality assessment.The acceptable rate of 23 analytes were calculated with the two specifications.Criterions of imprecision derived from the two standards were applied to assess the coefficient of variation with internal quality control data.Results With the specification based on WS/T 403-2012, the ratio of laboratories that all five samples were passed in the 1st challenge for 23 analytes ranged from 55.5%to 94.7%.The ratio of laboratories with 80%or more samples passed in 2013 EQA ranged from 73.9%to 98.5%.While ratios of two kinds described above evaluated based on GB /T 20470-2006 ranged from 63.0%to 99.2%, and from 90.0% to 99.7%, respectively.The acceptable rate of CV according to the two criterions ranged from 55.5% to 94.7% and 63.0% to 99.2%, respectively.Conclusions As evaluation criterions of external quality assessment allowable total error and internal quality control imprecision in routine chemistry , the specification in WS/T 403-2012 can be used to assess the analytical performance of clinical laboratory more objectively and comprehensively.It can help laboratories to identify the latent problems for further quality improvement.

Objective To discuss the surgery methods and clinical curative effect of application of nickel titanium memory alloy embracing device fixed femoral fractures inside wall of bone block.Methods The clinical data of 27 patients on the application of nickel titanium memory alloy embracing device fixed femoral fractures inside wall with bone block were retrospectively analyzed.There were 9 cases of male and 18 cases offemale.They were 69 ~89 years old,average 76.2 years.And there were 19 cases on the left side of inside wall and 8 cases on the right side. Curative effect evaluation was conducted according to the Evans-Jensen norm and the improved Harris standard. Results Postoperative follow-up loss in 2 cases,and 24 cases received follow-up for 6 ~20 months,which had an average of 14.15 months and follow-up rate was 92.3%.Three cases died respectively because of acute heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage and cor pulmonale.Patients at the time of the last follow-up had Harris mean score(80 ~97), including the optimal 19 cases,fine 4 cases and poor in 1 case,and the excellent rate was 95.8%.Conclusion Sur-gery method of nickel titanium memory alloy embracing device fixed femoral fractures inside wall of bone has reliable fixation,and can restore the biomechanical balance and decrease complications,etc.It allows early functional exercise of hip part in load conditions to obtain ideal therapeutic effect.

A sequential clean-up method was developed for the quantification of 10 plant growth regulators in bean sprout by the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS). The analytes were firstly extracted by the acided acetonitrile. Extraction was concentrated and re-dissovled by methanol. Then, it was divided to two aliquots. One of that was analyzed for 2,4-D-butyl ester and 2,4-D-ethyl ester after the purification by QuECHERS cartridge. Another one was treated by MCS solid phase extraction column including diverse eluting steps. After eluting by 5 mL methanol, composition 1 was obtain, concentrated, and methyl esterified by 10% boron trifluoride methanol solution. The treated extract was used for the determination of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid, β-naphthyl acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, indole acetic acid and indole butyric acid. Composition 2 collected by eluting with 5 mL 5% amonium methanol was used for the determination of paclobutrazol, Kinetin, 6-Benzylaminopurine. The clean-up procedures are designed according to different chemistry properties of these plant growth regulators. The results showed that after spiking of 0. 01-0. 1 mg / kg selected plant growth regulators, average recovery ranged from 70. 0% to 93. 2%and relative standard deviation were 5. 2% -12. 3% . Limit of quantification (LOQ S / N≥10) and limit of detection (LOD S / N≥3) were 0. 01-0. 025 mg / kg and 0. 003-0. 008 mg / kg respectively. The developed purification method is easy, fast and accurate, and can be applied to routine test of plant growth regulators in bean sprout.

Among the supplementary applications for Chinese medicines， additional specifications of pills occupy a certain proportion. It is common situation that addition of water honey pills and water pills on the basis of honey pills. Due to the ingredients of Chinese medicine are complex， and honey may be related to the safety and effectiveness of the preparation as a special excipient. Therefore， the necessity of the change should be considered from multiple perspectives and aspects in combination with the characteristics of the pills， and the scientific and reasonable nature of the change should be proved through research. By thinking deeply of the review of the application for adding water honey pill and water pill specification supplement to honey pill， the author discusses the key contents that need to be paid attention to in pharmaceutical research of such changes， and puts forward the following suggestions：①The necessity of change should be considered in combination with clinical drug demand and benefit-risk ratio. ②Attach importance to the research on the change of process and excipient， and evaluate the impact of changes on drug safety and effectiveness. ③Strengthen quality and stability research， and select appropriate packaging materials to ensure stable and controllable sample quality after change. ④Reasonably expression of specifications and loading specifications.

OBJECTIVETo analyse the heritabilities of serum luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in twin boys, and to study the genetic contributions to gonadotropin-gonadal axis.

METHODSA total of 51 pairs of male twins, 35 monozygotic (MZ) and 16 dizygotic(DZ) aged 5 to 11 years, were investigated. Serum gonadotropin and sex hormone were measured by radioimmunoassay. The twin zygosity was verified by determination of short tandem repeat amplified fragment length polymorphism systems. The genetic analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficient method.

RESULTSThe intraclass correlation coefficient was greater in the MZ twins than in the DZ twins. The estimated heritabilities were respectively LH 0.51, FSH 0.32, T 0.81, E2 0.41.

CONCLUSIONGenetic factors are major determinants of gonadotropin-gonadal axis in boys.

Objective To evaluate the imaging findings of thoracic Castleman's disease (CD)to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods The imaging findings of 14 cases of thoracic CD confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Plain and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scans were performed in all patients before surgery.Results Among the 14 cases,10 cases were hyaline vascular type (HVT)and other 4 cases were plasma cell type (PCT).HVT-CD showed well-define,homogeneous soft-tissue lesion with different sizes of lymph nodes around the lesions in 2 cases,mottled calcification in 2 cases and coarse calcification in 1 case.Dynamic enhanced CT showed HVT-CD had obvious enhancement in arterial phase,and sustained enhancement in venous phase and delayed phase.PCT-CD all showed enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum and bilateral axillary,associated with interstitial pneumonia,pulmonary nodules,ground glass opacity and pleural effusion,with marked and sustained enhancement 1 case.Conclusion Thoracic HVT-CD presents equal density on CT plain scan,and obvious and durative enhanement on multiphase contrast-enhanced CT,which can be accompanied by lymphnodes around the lesions and intratumoral calcification.With the above imaging findings,we should consider the possibility of HVT-CD.CT features of PCT-CD are non-specific,a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical data should be combined,but the obviously enhanced PCT-CD can be diagnosed.