Objective:To study whether the socio-ecological model based on “student-school-family”three-level strategy is effective in obesity prevention. Methods: A total of 3 175 students aged 7 to 18 from 16 schools (4 urban primary schools, 4 rural primary schools, 4 urban secondary schools and 4 rural secondary schools, of which 2 intervention schools were selected, respectively ) were recruited by strati-fied cluster sampling method. A three-month intervention using “student-school-family” socio-ecological model was conducted through health education and environment improvement. The intervention contents included knowledge on obesity, healthy diet and physical activities. Their anthropometric indexes were recorded. Results:The intervention prevented obesity(OR =1. 12, P <0. 05), and was effective in waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (adjusted difference=0. 63, 0. 02, P<0. 05). WC and WHR were reduced in girls ( adjusted difference=0 . 52 &0 . 02 , P<0 . 05 ) , and obesity was prevented in girls ( OR=1 . 18 , P<0 . 05 ) . WC and WHR were reduced in boys ( adjusted difference=0 . 73 , 0 . 01 , P<0 . 05 ) . WHR were reduced in urban areas ( adjusted difference=0 . 01 , P<0 . 05 ) . WC and WHR were reduced ( adjusted difference=1 . 05 , 0 . 02 , P<0 . 05 ) and obesity was prevented (OR=1. 18, P<0. 05) in rural areas. WHR were reduced (adjusted difference=0. 01, P<0. 05) and obesity was prevented (OR =1. 21, P <0. 05) in primary schools. WHR were reduced in secondary schools (adjusted difference=0. 02, P<0. 05). The intervention effect was better in girls than in boys, in rural areas than in urban areas, and in primary schools than in secondary schools. The overweight and obesity prevalence went down after the intervention (χ2 =11 . 01 , P <0 . 01 ) . Conclusion:Intervention strategy is effective in central obesity indexes such as WC and WHR, and it can be used widely.

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry is a reliable principle for small molecule analyte measurements.It is a precise,accurate method with very high specificity,which is very suitable for lowconcentration steroid hormones tests.The published reference methods are all based on this principle so far.In this paper,the applications of isotope dilution mass spectrometry in the determination of steroid hormones were reviewed.

Objective To discuss the surgery methods and clinical curative effect of application of nickel titanium memory alloy embracing device fixed femoral fractures inside wall of bone block.Methods The clinical data of 27 patients on the application of nickel titanium memory alloy embracing device fixed femoral fractures inside wall with bone block were retrospectively analyzed.There were 9 cases of male and 18 cases offemale.They were 69 ~89 years old,average 76.2 years.And there were 19 cases on the left side of inside wall and 8 cases on the right side. Curative effect evaluation was conducted according to the Evans-Jensen norm and the improved Harris standard. Results Postoperative follow-up loss in 2 cases,and 24 cases received follow-up for 6 ~20 months,which had an average of 14.15 months and follow-up rate was 92.3%.Three cases died respectively because of acute heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage and cor pulmonale.Patients at the time of the last follow-up had Harris mean score(80 ~97), including the optimal 19 cases,fine 4 cases and poor in 1 case,and the excellent rate was 95.8%.Conclusion Sur-gery method of nickel titanium memory alloy embracing device fixed femoral fractures inside wall of bone has reliable fixation,and can restore the biomechanical balance and decrease complications,etc.It allows early functional exercise of hip part in load conditions to obtain ideal therapeutic effect.

Objective To verify the trueness and assess the traceability of results from a routine chemistry system procedure for measurement of urea and ereatinine in serun.Methods Series of fresh frozen patieot sera,whose values of urea or creatinine were assigned by isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (ID-GC/MS) or isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS),were chosen to be analyzed by a routine chemistry system.The measurement results of urea and creatinine by the routine chemistry system were used for linear regression analysis against the assigned values bv the ID-MS method to calculate the percentage deviation and assess the expected bias.Results For urea and creatinine,the linear regression equations between the routine chemistry system and ID-MS methods were Y =0.9890X + 0.0192 (R2 =0.9990) and Y =0.9815X-6.4794 (R2 =0.9989),and the average percentage bias were-0.41％ (P ＞0.05) and-4.20％ (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The expected percentage bias at three medical decision levels were-0.46％,-0.83％ and-0.96％ for urea and -15.90％,-5.87％ and-2.95％ for creatinine.Conclusions The results of urea analyzed by the routine chemistry system were consistent with the ID-MS method,which suggested that the results of the routine system procedure could be traced to ID-GC/MS method.For creatinine,the bias between the results of routine procedures and the assigned values met the minimum acceptance criteria' derived from biologic deviations,which would be better if its specificity improved.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of three-dimensional CT(3D-CT) in the treatment of oblique facial clefts with mandibular outer cortex, including the surgical design and results assessment.

METHODSFrom Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2013, 22 cases with oblique facial cleft, who underwent mandibular outer cortex onlay bone graft were retrospectively studied. 3D images from CT data were reconstructed before operation for design. Then the mandibular outer cortex onlay bone transplant was performed to reconstruct the bone defect and cleft. 3D CT was performed 5-10 days postoperatively and 6- 12 months postoperatively to assess the facial symmetry.

RESULTSAccording to the results of CT measurement, the average volume of the orbital bone defects on the affected side decreased by(64. 6 ± 14. 4)% 5 to 10 days after operation. The average volume of the maxillary and zygomatic bone defects on the affected side decreased by(71.4 ± 15.7)% after surgery. After 6 to 12 months,the average recovery of the mandibular donor site was (57. 9 ± 13. 9)% of the removed mandibular outer cortex. The average absorption of grafted bones was(24.7 ± 25.6 )%. The average height difference between the centre of pupils on both sides before surgery was(3.76 ± 1.27) mm,which decreased to( 1. 15 ± 1.00) mm 5 to 10 days after surgery(P =0. 000) , and( 1.35 ± 1. 13) mm 6 to 12 months after surgery(P = 0. 003). The relapse may be caused by the absorption of the grafted bones.

CONCLUSIONS3D-CT can be used for preoperative design and postoperative assessment in the treatment of oblique facial cleft with mandibular outer cortex.

Bone Transplantation ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Craniofacial Dysostosis ; surgery ; Eye Abnormalities ; surgery ; Facial Bones ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mandible ; transplantation ; Maxillofacial Abnormalities ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Transplant Donor Site

Objective To establish a method for measuring serum cotinine by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS) and provide an assay that can be applied to theevaluation of the level of smoke exposure and to the risk analysis of smoking related diseases.Methods Blood samples were collected from 94 apparently healthy subjects from October to December in 2010 and centrifuged,and the sera were separated.Serum samples were mixed with [ D3 ] -cotinine ( as the internal standard) and treated with acetonitriles to precipitate protein.After centrifugation,the supernatants were transferred and evaporated under a stream of nitrogen until dryness and reconstituted with mobile phase.Then the residuals were analyzed by LC/MS/MS system with multiple reaction monitor model; the concentration of cotinine were quantified by the isotope internal standard method and the stand curve was employed with a series of calibration.To estimate the precision of the method,five frozen serum pools were repeatedly analyzed in five runs,and every pool was analyzed in triplicate.In addition,the recovery rates were analyzed with the serum sample added with different levels of standard.The stability of cotinine in serum preserved at room temperature,4 ℃ and - 80 ℃,respectively.Finally,the levels of cotinine of 94 healthy subjects were measured to evaluate the distribution of cotinine with different smoke statuses.Results Serum cotinine measured by ID-LC/MS/MS was separated well with few interferences.The correlation coefficients between the peak area ratios and cotinine concentrations were higher than 0.9993.The values of within-run coefficients of variation (CV) of five frozen serum pools (0.68,48.42,94.34,250.95 and 287.04 μg/L) were 2.19％,0.78％,0.75％,0.65％ and 0.67％,respectively.The values of total CV were 4.71％,1.40％,1.98％,1.10％ and 1.03％,respectively.The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation ( LOQ ) were 0.013 and 0.050 μg/L,respectively.The analytical recoveries ranged from 99.22％ to 102.67％.The samples could maintain stability within 2 d at room temperature,7 d at 4 ℃ and 3 months at -80 ℃ resulting the accuracy of measurements from 99.28％ to 100.87％ and the CV＜5％.The levels of cotinine of 94 healthy subjects were measured and shown skewed and leptokurtic distribution.The concentrations of twenty smokers,fourteen former smokers and sixty non-smokers were 116.40 (63.17 -241.12),0.67 (0.15 - 0.95 ) and 0.22 (0.15 - 0.42 ) μg/L,respectively.Furthermore,the level of cotinine of former smokers (Z =-2.12,P ＜0.05) and smokers (Z =-6.67,P ＜0.001) were statistically higher than non-smokers.Conclusions An ID-LC/MS/MS method for serum cotinine detection has been established.It is hoped that the method will be applied to the assessment of smoke exposure and its association with the risks of smoking related diseases since it is simple,specific,precise,sensitive and accurate.

To explore the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, as well as to compare the clinical characteristics and outcome between HBV infected and non-HBV infected patients. Methods:The serology markers of HBV were detected in 363 MM patients and 11227 cases of healthy controls through chemiluminescence. HBV-DNA was measured via real-time quantitative chain reaction. Results:Sixteen out of 363 MM patients (4.4%) were HBsAg-positive, showing significant difference with healthy controls (2.4%). No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of sex, age, type of monoclonal (M) protein, International Staging System (ISS) stage, stem cell transplantation, and risk stratification between HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative patients. No significant effect of HBV infection was found on the OS of MM patients. HBV reactivation was observed in two HBsAg-positive MM patients who were treated with combination chemotherapy, including bortezomib and dexamethasone. The replication of HBV could be inhibited by anti-HBV drugs. Conclusion:A higher prevalence of HBV infection was revealed in MM patients. Close monitoring of HBV replication should be conducted in MM patients with HBV infection before and during the courses of chemotherapy.

According to the clinical requirements of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, this paper established a simulation system for cardiac surgery which consists of venous reservoir, variable balance chamber, blood suction bag, ventricle suction bag, resistance valves, pressure gauges and tubings. Using the proposed system, perfusionists can mimic the implementation of pre-established surgery strategy, predict various abnormal conditions in the operation, and accordingly take the urgent actions so as to improve the success rate of surgery and to ensure the safety of patients.
Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; instrumentation ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Heart ; Humans ; Suction

Objective To assess system deviation of HbA1c measurement in clinical laboratories in China by the national trueness verification project.Methods Bias assessing research.Two lots samples of human whole blood pools with different HbA1c concentration levels were prepared and sent to laboratories by dry ice package.Laboratories were asked to measure these samples in 5 repeats per set in three consecutive Wednesday separately,results were reported through Web-based software.Meanwhile the IFCC reference measurement procedure was applied to assign HbA1c reference values for the two lots samples.The following information or data were analyzed:measurement systems,intra-lab CVs and inter-lab robust CVs of all laboratories,inter-lab robust CVs and bias based on peer groups,et.al.The criterion of bias was set at ± 4.5％.Results 106 of 120 laboratories submitted results,including 88 using high performance liquid chromatography method,13 using immune turbidimetry method and 5 using enzymatic methods the intra-lab CVs of lot 201311 ranged from 0 to 4.6％,with median of 1.1％,while for lot 201312 the intra-lab precision ranged from CV0 to CV4.5％,with median of CV0.9％.The inter-lab robust CVs of 201311 and 201312 with single determinations were 5.6％ and 6.1％ and inter-lab robust CVs of 201311 and 201312 of each lab's average results were 5.9％ and 5.6％ respectively.The inter-lab CVs of group BIO-RAD,TOSOH,ARKRAY and PRIMUS at two level were less than 5％.For all laboratories,the percents of pass of 201311 and 201312 were 61/106(57.5％) and 56/106(52.8％) respectively.The pass ratio of each group on two lots were as follows:of group BIO-RAD were both 19/45 (42.2％),of group TOSOH were 85％ (17/20) and 75％ (15/20),of group ARKRAY were 71.4％ (10/14) and 50％ (7/14),of group PRIMUS were 6/8,5/8; of group immune turbidimetric method were both 46.2％ (6/13) and of group enzymatic were both 3/5.Conclusions There were improvement for the performance of trueness of HbA1c measurement in domestic laboratories,while some of them should be addressed.Academic,research institutions,EQA organizer,manufacturers and clinical laboratories should work together to achieve the standardization of HbA1c measurement.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a series of syndromes caused by stroke, involving impairment of one or more cognitive functions, such as attention, language function, executive function, visuospatial cognition, episodic memory and working memory, etc. The traditional treatment methods of PSCI include drug therapy and cognitive training. The treatment modalities are limited and the maintenance effect is not good. Therefore, an auxiliary treatment method is urgently needed to improve its therapeutic effect. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe and mature non-invasive brain stimulation technique, which generates weak direct current (1-2 mA) through electrodes placed on the scalp to change the resting membrane potential of neurons, regulate the excitability of the cerebral cortex, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. This article reviews the effect of tDCS on PSCI, and hopes to provide reference and guidance for its rehabilitation treatment.