Abstract Early rehabilitation activity is an important way to improve functional impairment in stroke patients. However, there are no clear standards and opinions on the optimal start time, dosage and frequency of early rehabilitation activity. It is generally believed that early rehabilitation activity should start at 24 to 48 hours after stroke, and individual programs should be developed according to the assessment of stroke type, severity of disease, tolerance degree and other factors. This review searches domestic and international literature related to early rehabilitation activity and summarizes the start time, dose, frequency and content of early rehabilitation activity, as well as the cognition and attitude of medical workers towards it, so as to provide insights into studies and clinical applications of early rehabilitation activity.

A novel method for quantification of astragaloside IV in Radix Astragli was developed by using online SPE liquid chromatography coupled with corona charged aerosol detection( CAD) . The sample solution
was loaded into Acclaim Polar AdvantageⅡC18(50 mm×4. 6 mm, 3 μm) which was selected as online SPE column. Then the cleaning process was done by using the Right one of dual gradient pumps with Methanol-water as mobile phase. Acclaim C18(150 mm×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) was selected as analytical column with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL/min. The eluate containing the target from SPE column was transferred into the analytical column by heart-cutting mode. The temperature of nebulizer of corona CAD was set at 30 ℃ and the nitrogen pressure was 241. 3 kPa. The baseline separation of astragaloside IV from matrix components has been achieved. There was a good linear correlation in the range of 4 . 0-80 mg/L for astragaloside IV and the correlation coefficient was 0 . 9998 . The standard addition average recovery of astragaloside IV in Radix Astragli was 97 . 6%. It has been validated that astragaloside IV in Radix Astragli and its preparations can be quantified rapidly and accurately with this method.

Objective To explore the exposure condition of DDR, screen -film radiography and the radiation dose to patients, and evaluate value of the DDR system. Methods Five thousand images of DDR and screen-film radiography were selected and then analyzed by three junior radiologists and two senior radiologists. Results 1.The quality of the images was classified into grades A ,B ,C: grade A in 92.8 % , grade B in 7.2 % , grade C in 0% ,waste in 0 % for DDR group and grade A in 40.8% , grade B in 41.7 %,grade C in 15.5 % ,waste in 2% for screen-film radiography group. 2. The required voltage of DDR system raises 3-24kV than screen-film radiography and radiation exposure was increased about 25 % . Conclusions The imaging quality of DDR was obviously higher than the screen -film radiography, but the disadvantage of DDR system was the higher exposure condition required, which increase X-ray radiation dose for patients.

We evaluated the patient in the early,advanced or healing phase of the disease by MRI in the treatment of chronic brucellosis spondylitis and to guide the clinical treatment.MRI images of 40 patients with clinically diagnosed chronic brucellosis spondylitis were analyzed retrospectively.The imaging findings of early,advanced and healing patients were summarized.MRI showed abnormal signals in the vertebral body,intervertebral disc,paraspinaI and psoas muscle.It is early stage if the intervertebral space was normal,and advanced stage if combined with interverbral space stenosis.It demonstrated short T1 and short T2 signal or similar to the normal vertebral body,combined with intervertebral space stenosis,for the healing stage.According to the specific imaging manifestations of chronic brucellar spondylitis in the course of disease development,it is possible to evaluate the clinical stage of the disease and guide the rational selection of clinical treatment.

Objective:To observe the effects of berberine on procoagulant and fibrinolytic inhibitory factors produced by rat type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell (AECⅡ) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods:AECⅡ cells (RLE-6TN cells) were cultured in vitro, and the cells in logarithmic growth phase were collected. The cytotoxicity text of berberine was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) to determine the drug concentration range according to inhibition concentration of half cells (IC 50). The RLE-6TN cells were divided into five groups, the cells in blank control group were cultured in DMEM; the cells in LPS group were stimulated with 5 mg/L LPS; and the cells in berberine pretreatment groups were pretreated with 20, 50 and 80 μmol/L berberine for 1 hour, and then were co-cultured with 5 mg/L LPS. The cells were collected after LPS induced for 24 hours. The protein and mRNA expression levels of tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the cells were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantification reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The levels of activated protein C (APC), precollagen Ⅲ peptide (PⅢP), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and antithrombin Ⅲ (ATⅢ) in the cell supernatant were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:According to the inhibition rate curve, the IC 50 of berberine on RLE-6TN cells was 81.16 μmol/L. Therefore, 20, 50 and 80 μmol/L were selected as the intervention concentration of berberine. Compared with the blank control group, the expression and secretion of procoagulant and fibrinolytic inhibitory factors were abnormal in RLE-6TN cells after LPS induced for 24 hours. The protein and mRNA expression levels of TF and PAI-1 in the LPS group were significantly increased, but the protein and mRNA expression levels of TFPI were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the levels of APC and ATⅢ in the cell supernatant were significantly decreased, while the levels of PⅢP and TAT were significantly increased. After pretreatment with berberine, the abnormal expression and secretion of procoagulant and fibrinolytic inhibitory factors induced by LPS were corrected in a dose-dependent manner, especially in 80 μmol/L. Compared with the LPS group, the protein and mRNA expression levels of TF and PAI-1 in the berberine 80 μmol/L group were significantly decreased [TF protein (TF/GAPDH): 0.45±0.02 vs. 0.55±0.03, TF mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.39±0.08 vs. 1.48±0.11, PAI-1 protein (PAI-1/GAPDH): 0.37±0.02 vs. 0.64±0.04, PAI-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.14±0.29 vs. 4.18±0.44, all P < 0.01] and those of TFPI were significantly increased [TFPI protein (TFPI/GAPDH): 0.53±0.02 vs. 0.45±0.02, TFPI mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.94±0.08 vs. 0.40±0.05, both P < 0.01]. Meanwhile, the levels of APC and ATⅢ in the cell supernatant were significantly increased [APC (μg/L): 1 358.5±26.0 vs. 994.2±23.1, ATⅢ (μg/L): 118.0±7.4 vs. 84.4±2.7, both P < 0.01], while those of PⅢP and TAT were significantly decreased [PⅢP (μg/L): 11.2±0.4 vs. 18.6±0.9, TAT (ng/L): 222.1±2.8 vs. 287.6±7.0, both P < 0.01]. Conclusions:Berberine could inhibit the LPS-induced expressions of procoagulant and fibrinolytic inhibitory factors in rat AECⅡ cells and promote the expressions of anticoagulant factors in a dose-dependent manner. Berberine may be a new therapeutic target for alveolar hypercoagulability and fibrinolysis inhibition in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Objective:To determine the effect of andrographolide (AD) on the expression of procoagulant and fibrinolytic inhibitory factors in rat type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (AECⅡ) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods:The AECⅡ cells RLE-6TN in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into 5 groups: the normal control (NC) group, the LPS group, and the 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/L AD groups (AD 6.25 group, AD 12.5 group, AD 25 group). The NC group was cultured with RPMI 1640 conventional medium. In the LPS group, 5 mg/L LPS was added to the RPMI 1640 conventional medium for stimulation. Cells in the AD groups were treated with 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/L AD in advance for 1 hour and then given LPS to stimulate the culture. The cells and cell culture supernatant were collected 24 hours after LPS stimulation. The protein and mRNA expressions of tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and plasminogen activator inhibition-1 (PAI-1) in cells were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The levels of procollagen Ⅲ peptide (PⅢP), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ) and activated protein C (APC) in the cell supernatant were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared with the NC group, the protein and mRNA expressions of TF and PAI-1 in the LPS group were significantly increased, and the protein and mRNA expressions of TFPI were significantly reduced. At the same time, the levels of PⅢP and TAT in the cell supernatant were significantly increased, the levels of AT-Ⅲ, APC were significantly reduced. Compared with the LPS group, the protein and mRNA expressions of TF and PAI-1 in AD 6.25 group, AD 12.5 group, AD 25 group were significantly reduced [TF/GAPDH: 0.86±0.08, 0.45±0.04, 0.44±0.04 vs. 1.32±0.10, TF mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 2.59±0.25, 2.27±0.05, 1.95±0.04 vs. 4.60±0.26, PAI-1/GAPDH: 2.11±0.07, 1.45±0.04, 0.86±0.09 vs. 2.56±0.09, PAI-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 3.50±0.22, 2.23±0.29, 1.84±0.09 vs. 6.60±0.27, all P < 0.05], while the protein and mRNA expressions of TFPI were significantly increased [TFPI/GAPDH: 0.78±0.05, 0.81±0.03, 0.84±0.07 vs. 0.36±0.02, TFPI mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.46±0.09, 0.69±0.07, 0.91±0.08 vs. 0.44±0.06, all P < 0.05]. Also the levels of PⅢP and TAT in the cell supernatant were significantly reduced, and the levels of AT-Ⅲ and APC were significantly increased [PⅢP (μg/L): 13.59±0.23, 12.66±0.23, 10.59±0.30 vs. 15.82±0.29, TAT (ng/L): 211.57±6.41, 205.69±4.04, 200.56±9.85 vs. 288.67±9.84, AT-Ⅲ (μg/L): 102.95±3.86, 123.92±2.63, 128.67±1.67 vs. 92.93±3.36, APC (μg/L): 1 188.95±14.99, 1 366.12±39.93, 1 451.15±29.69 vs. 1 145.55±21.07, all P < 0.05]. With the increase of the dose of AD, the above-mentioned promotion and inhibition effects became more obvious. In the AD 25 group, TF, PAI-1 protein and mRNA expressions decreased, TFPI mRNA expression increased, PⅢP level in the supernatant decreased and AT-Ⅲ, APC levels increased compared with AD 6.25 group, the difference was statistically significant, and the decrease of PAI-1 protein expression and PⅢP level in the supernatant were also statistically significant compared with AD 12.5 group. Conclusions:Andrographolide in the dose range of 6.25-25 mg/L can dose-dependently inhibit the expression and secretion of procoagulant and fibrinolytic inhibitor-related factors in AECⅡ cells RLE-6TN stimulated by LPS, and promote the secretion of anticoagulant factors. 25 mg/L has the most obvious effect.

Objective:To explore the value of tumor diameter to preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ratio (TCR) in predicting prognosis of patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 144 patients with colorectal cancer in Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital between July 2012 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the low TCR group and the high TCR group according to the optimal value of TCR in predicting the disease-free survival (DFS) determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The clinicopathological features of both groups were analyzed, and the influencing factors of DFS were also analyzed by using Cox proportional hazard model.Results:ROC analysis showed that TCR had a certain value in predicting DFS, and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.614 (95% CI 0.507-0.722); when the value of TCR was set at 0.690, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting the 3-year DFS rate was 46.3% and 70.9%, respectively. According to 0.690 of TCR, there were 50 cases in the low TCR (< 0.690) group and 94 cases in the high TCR (≥0.690) group. There were no statistically significant differences in the high and low TCR between the two groups for patients stratified by gender, age, tumor location, differentiation degree, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage (all P > 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that TCR, preoperative CEA level and TNM stage played a role in predicting DFS of patients (all P < 0.05), while Cox multivariate analysis indicated that TCR < 0.690 ( HR = 2.369, 95% CI 1.279-4.388, P = 0.006) and Ⅲ stage in TNM stage ( HR = 2.214, 95% CI 1.346-3.640, P = 0.002) were the independent risk factors of influencing DFS (all P < 0.01). The 3-year DFS rate of patients in the low TCR group was lower than that of those in the high TCR group (62.0% vs. 83.0%, P = 0.007). Conclusion:TCR could have a certain value in judging the prognosis of non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients, and low TCR patients have a poorer prognosis.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important food and feed crop which rich in mineral sources. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family plays important roles in plant development and identification of putative gene families, their structure, and potential functions is a primary step for not only understanding the genetic mechanisms behind various biological process but also for genetic improvement. A variety of computational tools, including MAFFT, HMMER, hidden Markov models, Pfam, SMART, MEGA, ProtTest, BLASTn, and BRAD, among others, were used. We identified 34 MsWOX genes based on a systematic analysis of the alfalfa plant genome spread in eight chromosomes. This is an expansion of the gene family which we attribute to observed chromosomal duplications. Sequence alignment analysis revealed 61 conserved proteins containing a homeodomain. Phylogenetic study sung reveal five evolutionary clades with 15 motif distributions. Gene structure analysis reveals various exon, intron, and untranslated structures which are consistent in genes from similar clades. Functional analysis prediction of promoter regions reveals various transcription binding sites containing key growth, development, and stress-responsive transcription factor families such as MYB, ERF, AP2, and NAC which are spread across the genes. Most of the genes are predicted to be in the nucleus. Also, there are duplication events in some genes which explain the expansion of the family. The present research provides a clue on the potential roles of MsWOX family genes that will be useful for further understanding their functional roles in alfalfa plants.

BMP6 is a potent protein for future treatment strategies of bone regeneration as it is a very important regulator of bone homeostasis. Active BMP6 is a dimer containing multidisulfide bonds and is a highly hydrophobic protein prone to aggregation. To obtain soluble and active BMP6 in Escherichia coli, we compared the effects of four N-terminal fusion tags (TRX, GST, MBP and CBD) and N-terminal His6-tag. The expression and solubility were tested under the different conditions (expression hosts, temperatures and inductor concentrations). A series of experiments leads to the finding that the placement of MBP before the BMP6 is best in availing the soluble expression of the protein. Our study alsodemonstrates that in E. coli BL21trxB(DE3) cytoplasm, which is a thioredoxin reductase mutant strain, soluble homodimeric BMP6 can be formed. The overexpressed MBP-BMP6 fusion protein is purified by chromatography, and shown to be functionally active.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Maltose-Binding Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Solubility ; Transformation, Bacterial

Objective To construct recombinant adeno-associated virus and lentivirus carrying siRNA of TIMP-1 and to investigate the efficiency of infection and short-term inhibitory effect of TIMP-1 gene expres-sion on rat hepatic stellate cells. Methods One pair of siRNA which could effectively inhibit expression of the TIMP-1 gene in HSC-T6 was screened and cloned into AAV vector and lentiviral vector to construct the recombinant AAV/siRNA-TIMP-1/GFP and Lenti/siRNA-TIMP-1/GFP. AAV/GFP and Lenti/GFP as neg-ative control were also obtained. Experiments were assigned to five groups: AAV/siRNA-TIMP-1/GFP, AAV/GFP, Lenti/siRNA-TIMP-1/GFP, Lenti/GFP group and mock group. Rat HSC-T6 cells were infected by these recombinant viruses at a concentration of MOI by 10. To monitor the efficiency of infection, fluores-cence microscope and flow cytometer were used. After 7 d post-infection, Western blot was used to detect the TIMP-1 protein expression. Results HSC-T6 had no significant changes after infection. The efficiency of infection in AAV/GFP and Lenti/GFP group were 72.7% and 70.0%, AAV/siRNA-TIMP-1/GFP and Lenti/siRNA-TIMP-1/GFP group were 64.58% and 61.86%. The protein expression levels of TIMP-1 in HSC-T6 cells at 7 d post-infection by the recombinant AAV and Lentivirus were decreased 40.0% compared with those in mock control and normal HSC-T6 (P<0.05). Conclusion Recombinant AAV/siRNA-TIMP-1/GFP and Lenti/siRNA-TIMP-1/GFP could effectively infect HSC-T6 with similar efficiency and suppress the expression of TIMP-1 in rat HSC-T6 remarkably.