[Objective]To investigate the effect of selectively segmental cervical decompression through anterior approach in the treatment of senile segmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy. [Methods]Twenty-seven cases of senile segmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy experienced selectively segmental cervical decompression through anterior approach from 2004 to 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Pre-and post-operative JOA scores were compared to evaluate the improvement of neurological function.[Results]Patients were followed up for an average of 19.7 months (ranged,18~27 months). No loosening or displacement was found in all cases. Postoperatively,ratio of JOA improvement was 56.1%,including excellent result in 8 cases (29.5%),good result in 11 cases (40.7%),fair result in 6 cases (22.2%),poor result in 2 cases (7.4%).[Conclusion]Selectively segmental cervical decompression through anterior approach is effective in the treatment of senile segmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy,giving consideration to patient's general physical condition and recovery of neurological function. Correct segments selection of preoperative decompression is the key point of result of postoperative restoration.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tianshu capsule on vasoactive substances in blood plasma or brain and hemodynamics in migraine animal models. Methods After subcutaneously administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) and tube feeding Tianshu capsule, the radioimmunoassay or spectrophotometry was used to measure the plasma contents of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rats.The distribution of NOS1, CGRP in rat nucleus tratus spinalis nervi trigemini was detected by immunohistostaining, and the changes of internal carotid artery flow velocity in rabbit were measured by transcranial Doppler.Results The levels of NO, NOS and CGRP were elevated in the plasma of migraine rats. Tianshu capsule could inhibit these increases, and the moderate-and high-dose had much significant effects (P

Objective To investigate the effects of Tianshu capsule(TSC) on the plasma levels of ?-endorphin(?-EP) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and c-fos expression of brain tissue in the rat with migraine.Methods The rat migraine model was established by subcutaneously administration of nitroglycerin.The intragastric administration dose of TSC was divided into three groups as follows:high dose(7.5 g/kg),middle dose(3.75 g/kg) and low dose(1.88 g/kg).TSC was administrated respectively in therapeutic and prophylactic model.The control group and model group were administrated corresponding dose of normal saline.The plasma levels of ?-EP and 5-HT in rat were measured by radioimmunoassay and HPLC respectively;the distribution of ?-EP,5-HT and c-fos in rats periaqueductal grey were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared to model group,the plasma levels of ?-EP were increased remarkably in high dose TSC therapeutic and prophylactic groups,middle dose prophylactic group(all P

Objective To study the effect of adenoviral-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) target against permeability glycoprotein (Pgp) as a new drug in anti-epileptic drug resistance epilepsy treatment and to evaluate its efficiency. Methods MDR Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat estrocyte model was induced by Coriaria Lactone (CL), mainly over-expressing mdrlb. To reverse the drug resistance, astrecytes were treated with constructed replication deficient adencvirus AdS-EGFP-shRNAI-U6 delivering short hairpin (shRNA) target agianst mdrlb gene. Total RNA and protein were extracted from the infected cells, mdr1 b level was detected by Quantitative Real-time PCR whereas Pgp by Western blot, Rhodamine123 (Rho123) efflux ratio by Flow Cytometry. Results AdS-EGFP-shRNA1-U6 was succesfully constucted with high virus titer of 6×1010 pfu/ml. The interference efficency of AdS-EGFP-shRNA1-U6 agianst mdrlb in rat astrecyte model was about 94%. The Rho123 efllux ratio was about 15. 8%, significiently lower than control group which was 56. 2% (F = 127.5, P < 0. 05). Conclusions Pgp over-expression has been successfully suppressed and MDR has been reversed, which may provide a premising approach for refractory epilepsy remedy.

BACKGROUND:In animal experiments, transplantation of autologous nucleus pulposus cellscan effectively repair the intervertebral disk degeneration. However, nucleus pulposus cells have a poor ability of proliferation in vitro, which limits its application as seed cells in treatment of intervertebral disk disease.
OBJECTIVE:To construct recombinant adeno-associated virus type-2 vector carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase and observe the human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression in human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro.
METHODS:After the plasmid pSNAV2.0-pRSV-hTERT was constructed and identified, recombinant adeno-associated virus type-2 vector carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase were constructed, amplified and purified by AAVMaxTM package and purification system. The optimal multiplicity of infection for human nucleus pulposus cells was detected by recombinant adeno-associated virus type-2 vector carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein. According the optimal multiplicity of infection (5 × 104 v·g/cell), three different multiplicity of infection (1×104, 5×104, 1×105 v·g/cell) of recombinant adeno-associated virus type-2 vector carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase were determined to transfect the first passage human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. In control group, the cells were transfected with adeno-associated virus type-2 vector without human telomerase reverse transcriptase. At 1, 2, 4 weeks after transfection, mRNA expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in human nucleus pulposus cells were semi-quantitatively detected by RT-PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The recombinant adeno-associated virus type-2 vector carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase was successful y constructed, and the titer of the obtained vector was more than 2×1011 v·g/mL. The optimal multiplicity of infection was 5×104 v·g/cell. The mRNA expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in human nucleus pulposus cells could be detected in different multiplicity of infection (1×104, 5×104, 1×105 v·g/cell). At 2 weeks post-transfection, mRNA expression of human nucleus pulposus cells was the highest (P<0.05), as detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, the stable and high mRNA expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase could be detected at 4 weeks post-transfection. In control group, no human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression was found. The recombinant adeno-associated virus type-2 vector carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase can be successful y constructed, and can mediate a stable mRNA expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in human nucleus pulposus cells. Our findings provide a novel strategy of enhancing the properties of nucleus pulposus cells.

The article introduced the content of medical genetics in USMLE,and compared it with Chinese official teaching material. Medical genetics is an important part of USMLE and the USMLE questions come from real clinical cases and pay more attention to clinical experience. To adapt to the international trend,Chinese teaching material can clarify the genetic-related illness in detail. Clinical case is a good guide for PBL(Problem-Based learning)teaching. The medical genetics were called for in Chinese Practicing Physician Qualifications Test.

Objective To analyze the simple sequence repeat(SSR)information in expressed sequence tag(EST)resource of Saruma henryi and lay a solid foundation for the development of EST-SSR markers in this species.Methods ESTs of S.henryi were downloaded from GenBank and used to perform the contig assembly using Sequencher 4.8.Uni-ESTs were obtained and screened for SSR-containing unigenes using SciRoKo 3.4.The distributing frequency of the EST-SSRs and the basic characteristics of motifs were analyzed.Results A total of 10 274 ESTs of S.henryi were retrieved and were assembled into 6 643 non-redundant Uni-ESTs with a total length of 5.11?106 bp.In all,the data mining yielded 1 408 SSR loci,which corresponded to 1 232 Uni-ESTs(18.55%).On average,EST-SSRs spanned 22.30 bp,and occurred every 3.63 kb in length.In S.henryi,mononucleotide repeats predominated with an occurrence frequency of 12.24%.Dinucleotide repeats followed with a frequency of 5.01%.The most frequent one was A/T among all the repeat motifs,then followed by AG/CT.Conclusion SSRs in ESTs of S.henryi display a relatively high level of occurrence frequency and show abundance of types.

Objective To investigate the map and pattern of blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD)signal changes correlated to interictal epileptiform discharges(IEDs)with EEG-fMRI in patients with partial epilepsy and then to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of epileptic discharges and their effect on brain function in partial epilepsy.Methods Through the method of EEG-fMRI,2 patients with parial epilepsy were studied.The relationship between the regions of BOLD signal changes linked to IEDs and the electroelinical localization of epileptogenic zone in patients with partial epilepsy were investigated.Results The epileptogenic areas localized by electroclinical findings in the 2 patients all showed maximal activation and 2 sites of significant activation were found in 1 of the 2 patients;Weak activation were also manifested in the opposite side corresponding to lesions.Conclusions IED-linked BOLD response in patients with partial epilepsy is mainly in epileptogenic zones and weak activation can also be seen in the corresponding contralateral areas of epileptogenic zoiles.Activation areas ale well concordant with epileptogenie areas localized by electroclinical findings.

Objective To investigate the chondrogenic feasibility of the human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs)as cartilage tissue engineering seed cells ,type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosaminoglycan scaffold as the cellular carrier and cell‐scaffold complex .Methods The type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosaminoglycan scaffolds was prepared .The pore diameter , porosity and hydrophilia of scaffold materials were observed and measured by electronic microscope .The corresponding histological analysis on the scaffold materials was performed .hUCMSCs of P3 generation were cultured and identified .The hUCMSCs suspen‐sion was inoculated in the type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosaminoglycan scaffold for conducting culture without adding inducer .The samples were taken out after 3 weeks and performed the toluidine blue and safranin O staining ,type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemi‐cal staining and SEM scanning .Results hUCMSCs of P3 generation highly expressed the mesenchymal cell marker CD29 and CD105 ,while hardly expressed endothelial cells of CD34 and hematopoietic cell markers .The type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosami‐noglycan scaffold presented white porous foam like ,the porosity was (91 .8 ± 2 .17)% ,the average pore diameter was 110‐230 μm , which was homogeneously distributed and had interpenetration .The scaffold showed good hydrophilicity with the water absorption expansion rate of (213 .71 ± 1 .31)% .The scaffold staining of toluidine blue ,safranin O and type Ⅱ collagen was positive .The car‐tilage‐like tissues were observed ,and gradually increased in the surface of cell‐scaffold complex along with culture ,which were posi‐tive in Toluidine blue ,safranin O and type Ⅱ collagen staining ,the electronic microscopic observation displayed that the cells were actively proliferated in the scaffold ,closely adhered with the materials ,the cartilage‐like cells and a large number of peripheral colla‐gen fibers with zigzag connection could be seen .Conclusion Compositing hUCMSCs and type Ⅱ collagen composite glycosamin‐oglycan scaffold could construct tissue‐engineering cartilage in vitro without induction ,which lays a certain experimental foundation for the repair of cartilage damage .

This study was aimed to discover core agent for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and explore the medication rules . A total of 525 ulcerative colitis medical records in the Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM were selected from 2009 to 2013 . The records were input into the structured information acquisition system of clinical diagnosis and treatment . The complex network analysis was used to analyze core drugs of prescription and drug compatibility after data mining and rule processing . The results showed that the core drugs are Diyu , Huanglian, Muxiang, Baishao, Xianhecao, Danggui, Chaobaizhu, Huangqin, Zicao, Yiyiren, Fuling, Shanyao. It was concluded that data mining can be an objective method in the analysis of core drugs and compatibility in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. It can also be used to guide the clinical prescription medication.