Objective To observe the protective effect of different doses of left carnitine on cardiomyocyte function in children with viral myocarditis.Methods94 cases of children with viral myocarditis were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table, 47 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with fructose 1,6-diphosphate(100~250mg/kg, add 150mL of 10% glucose in intravenous infusion, 1times/d) combined with left carnitine.Large dose group of left carnitine 100 mg/kg, low dose group 50mg/kg, all added 150mL of 5% glucose intravenous infusion, 1 times/d.The total effective rate, creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac ejection fraction(EF), ventricular short axis shortening (FS) And the total incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups.ResultsThe total effective rates of two group were 93.62% and 87.23%.The level of CK,CK-MB,LDH in two groups were significantly decreased after treatment of two weeks(P<0.05), EF, FS were increased after treatment of two weeks(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in CK, CK-MB, LDH, EF and FS between the high dose group and the low dose group after treatment of two weeks.The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the high dose group was 25.53%, which was lower than that in the low dose group (8.51%,P<0.05).ConclusionThe use of low-dose left carnitine in children with viral myocarditis can effectively remove free radicals, protect cardiomyocyte function and improve myocardial energy metabolism and cardiac function, and safer than high-dose groups.

Directed evolution is a cyclic process that alternates between constructing different genes and screening functional gene variants. It has been widely used in optimization and analysis of DNA sequence, gene function and protein structure. It includes random gene libraries construction, gene expression in suitable hosts and mutant libraries screening. The key to construct gene library is the storage capacity and mutation diversity, to screen is high sensitivity and high throughput. This review discusses the latest advances in directed evolution. These new technologies greatly accelerate and simplify the traditional directional evolution process and promote the development of directed evolution.
Base Sequence ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Gene Library ; Mutation ; Proteins/genetics*

ObjectiveTo clearly identify the difference between rescue injuries and agonal injuries and to avoid duplicate identifications and misidentifications. MethodsBased on the forensic pathological data of 5 923 cases of death cause identification from 2013 to 2022 in Sun Yat-sen University Forensic Identification Center and Guangzhou Tianhe District Branch of Guangzhou Public Security Bureau， this study retrospectively studied the characteristics of rescue injuries and agonal injuries seen in cause of death identification and their influence on cause of death identification. ResultsAmong all the 5 923 cases， 640 cases were found to have rescue injuries or agonal injuries， and 624 cases received treatment， of which 609 cases were found to have rescue injuries （97.60%）， 44 cases were found to have agonal injuries， and 13 cases were found to have both types of injuries. Among the 640 cases， 441 were male and 199 were female. The age of death was discontinuously distributed from 0 to 95 years old. The leading cause of death was disease， followed by mechanical injury and asphyxia. The main manifestations of rescue injuries were rib and sternum fractures， soft tissue injuries in the prechest area or face， and pericardial rupture. The most common injuries in agonal stage were falling after unconsciousness， inhalation of foreign body in respiratory tract or multiple violent injuries. Among the 640 cases， 19 cases were repeatedly identified， including 15 cases of rescue injuries， 6 cases of agonal injuries， and 2 cases of both types of injuries. Compared with the cases where neither type of injuries was detected， the repeated identification rate of treatment injuries and agonal injuries was significantly increased （χ²=4.04， P=0.044； χ²=43.49， P<0.001）. Among the 640 cases， 11 cases （1.72%） were misidentified as the initial injuries in the first identification， and 13 cases had combined rescue injuries or agonal injuries that were involved in death. ConclusionsBy elucidating the epidemiological characteristics of the two types of injuries， this study proved that the two types of injuries were associated with higher rates of repeated identification and misidentification， which provided a reference for reducing repeated identification and misidentification and improving the accuracy of cause of death identification.

Drastic surges in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce cell apoptosis, while most chemotherapy drugs lead to the accumulation of ROS. Here, we constructed an organic compound, arsenical N-‍(4-(1,3,2-dithiarsinan-2-yl)phenyl)acrylamide (AAZ2), which could prompt the ROS to trigger mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in gastric cancer (GC). Mechanistically, by targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), AAZ2 caused metabolism alteration and the imbalance of redox homeostasis, followed by the inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and leading to the activation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X (Bax)/caspase-9 (Cas9)/Cas3 cascades. Importantly, our in vivo data demonstrated that AAZ2 could inhibit the growth of GC xenograft. Overall, our data suggested that AAZ2 could contribute to metabolic abnormalities, leading to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by targeting PDK1 in GC.
Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Cell Line, Tumor