Objective To analyze the characteristics of contributions and the reasons why Chinese authors engaged in scientific research favor to contribute their papers to PLoS One by comparing the papers published in PLoS One and its series by authors from China and other countries.Methods Papers published in PLoS One by Chinese au-thors engaged in scientific research were retrieved from Web of Science by setting the retrieval parameters and ana-lyzed.Results The number of papers published in PLoS One series by authors from China increased rapidly.The number of papers published in PLoS One was significantly larger than that published in other PLoS One series. Conclusion The scientific research scale is unceasingly expanded.Why the Chinese authors engaged in scientific research favor to contribute their papers to PLoS One are due to its attractive power and the guidance of scientific and technological evaluation management in China.

Objective To explore whether inhibiting autophagy can enhance the sensitivity of photothermal treatment under mild photothermal conditions. Methods CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs were prepared by an improved double emulsification method and a PDA-based surface modification method. After basic characterization, CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles; the near-infrared laser irradiation nanoparticle solution was used to detect the heating effect; CCK-8 method and live-dead cell staining were used to detect the killing effect of tumor cells; Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Results The CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs were successfully prepared, with a particle size of 253.10±2.39 nm, a zeta potential of -22.57±0.80 mV, uniform particle size and good dispersion. The temperature of nanoparticle solution increased to 45℃ after the near-infrared laser irradiation for 10 min. CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs had no obvious toxicity to cells. The survival rates of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell were above 95%. The inhibition of autophagy under mild photothermal conditions could improve the sensitivity of photothermal therapy. Conclusion The prepared CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs have good photothermal performance and high biological safety; by inhibiting autophagy, they can effectively kill tumor cells under mild photothermal conditions(< 50℃).

Carotid Body Tumor ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pressoreceptors

Objective To investigate the effects of sugammadex on postoperative pulmonary com-plications(PPCs)and postoperative recovery after thoracoscopic lung resection surgery.Methods A total of 263 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic lung resection surgery between November 2021 and July 2023,112 males and 151 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18.5-28.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,were randomly divided into three groups:the sugammadex group(group S,n=88),the neostigmine group(group N,n=87),and the control group(group C,n=88).The patient was sent to postanesthesia care unit(PACU)after operation,when the train of four(TOF)count reached 2,group S was given sugamma-dex 2 mg/kg,group N was given neostigmine 0.04 mg/kg+atropine 0.02 mg/kg,and group C was given equal volume of normal saline.The incidence of PPCs from the end of the surgery to the time of discharge was recorded.The time from the end of surgery to extubation,the time from drug administration to recovery of the train of four ratio(TOFr)to 0.9,the TOFr immediately after extubation,the length of stay in PACU,hypoxemia after extubation(SpO2＜90％)were recorded,and the incidence rate of postoperative residual neuromuscular block(PRNB)was calculated.The time of first getting out of the bed for activity,the number of total and effective compressions by the analgesia pump within 48 hours after surgery,the inci-dence of rescue analgesia,the clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),the numbers of postoperative nau-sea and vomiting(PONV),total drainage of the chest tube,duration of the chest tube insertion,and the length of postoperative hospital stay were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of PPCs,PRNB and hypoxemia after extubation were significantly decreased,time from the end of surgery to extubation,time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU,and the first postoperatively out of bed activity time were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after extuba-tion was significantly increased,and CPIS was significantly decreased in group S(P＜0.05);the time from the end of surgery to extubation,time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after extubation was significantly in-creased,PRNB after extubation were significantly decreased in group N(P＜0.05).Compared with group N,the incidence of PRNB after extubation were significantly decreased,the time from the end of surgery to extubation,the time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU,and the first postoperatively out of bed activity time were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after ex-tubation was significantly increased in group S(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in other in-dexes between the three groups.Conclusion Sugammadex can rapidly antagonize the residual muscle re-laxation,decrease the rate of PPCs and PRNB,and promote rapid recovery of patients after thoracoscopic lung resection surgery.

Objective To observe the effect of wrist-hand orthosis combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy(mCIMT)on upper limb and hand function in patients with stroke. Methods From February,2022 to December,2023,32 patients after stroke in Huashan Hospital,Fudan University were randomly assigned to control group(n=16)and experimental group(n=16).Both groups underwent routine re-habilitation,and wore constraint glove almost four hours a day.The experimenal group wore dynamic wrist-hand orthosis four hours everyday,additionally;five days every week,for three weeks.They were evaluated with Wolf Motor Function Test(WMFT),Action Reach Arm Test(ARAT),the strength of gripping,Amount of Use(AOU)and Quality of Movement(QOM)of Motor Activity Log(MAL),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and Hamil-ton Depression Scale(HAMD)before and after treatment,while root mean square ratio of affected/healthy exten-sor muscle of wrist was measured with surface electromyography Results After treatment,the scores of WMFT,ARAT,MAL-QOM,HAMA and the root mean square ratio of affected/healthy extensor muscle of wrist improved in both groups(|t|＞2.179,P＜0.05),and the improvement of WMFT score and the strength of gripping was greater in the experimental group than in the control group(|t|＞2.343,P＜0.05);the strength of gripping,the scores of MAL-AOU and HAMD improved in the experimental group(|t|＞2.819,P＜0.05). Conclusion mCIMT assisted with dynamic wrist-hand orthosis could improve upper limb and hand function in stroke pa-tients.

Objective:To explore the regulatory effect of exosomes derived from healthy human adipose stem cells (ADSC) on the fibrosis of localized scleroderma fibroblasts (LSFs) in vitro. Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022, fat from 10 healthy donors in Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was collected by liposuction. Adipose stem cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and exosomes (ADSC-Exo) were collected. Fibroblasts were isolated from skin tissue of 15 patients with localized scleroderma during the same period and cultured in vitro. Induced differentiation and staining, nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, PKH26 staining and Western blotting were used to identify ADSC and their exosomes. The effect of ADSC on the expression of fibrosis markers [collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] in LSFs through its exosomes was examined by extracellular vesicle secretion inhibition assay. The proliferation and migration abilities of LSFs treated with ADSC-Exo were tested by CCK-8 method and scratch test. Real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, α-SMA, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and p-Smad2/3 in LSFs. Independent sample t-test was used to compare between the two groups. One-way ANOVA was used for multi-group comparison, and SNK- q test was used for pairwise comparison. Results:ADSC and LSFs were successfully isolated and cultured in vitro, and ADSC-Exo was extracted. Extracellular vesicle secretion inhibition assay demonstrated that ADSC decreased fibrotic markers of LSFs by secreting extracellular vesicles. Results of CCK-8 and scratch test showed that the proliferation and migration ability of LSFs was decreased by ADSC-Exo treatment. The results of real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that compared with the control group, the expressions of collagen Ⅰ, α-SMA, TGF-β and p-Smad 2/3 in the ADSC-Exo treatment group were significantly decreased. Conclusion:In vitro, ADSC-Exo can affect the biological behavior and reduce the expression of fibrosis markers in LSFs by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway.

Objective:To explore the regulatory effect of exosomes derived from healthy human adipose stem cells (ADSC) on the fibrosis of localized scleroderma fibroblasts (LSFs) in vitro. Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022, fat from 10 healthy donors in Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was collected by liposuction. Adipose stem cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and exosomes (ADSC-Exo) were collected. Fibroblasts were isolated from skin tissue of 15 patients with localized scleroderma during the same period and cultured in vitro. Induced differentiation and staining, nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, PKH26 staining and Western blotting were used to identify ADSC and their exosomes. The effect of ADSC on the expression of fibrosis markers [collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] in LSFs through its exosomes was examined by extracellular vesicle secretion inhibition assay. The proliferation and migration abilities of LSFs treated with ADSC-Exo were tested by CCK-8 method and scratch test. Real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, α-SMA, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and p-Smad2/3 in LSFs. Independent sample t-test was used to compare between the two groups. One-way ANOVA was used for multi-group comparison, and SNK- q test was used for pairwise comparison. Results:ADSC and LSFs were successfully isolated and cultured in vitro, and ADSC-Exo was extracted. Extracellular vesicle secretion inhibition assay demonstrated that ADSC decreased fibrotic markers of LSFs by secreting extracellular vesicles. Results of CCK-8 and scratch test showed that the proliferation and migration ability of LSFs was decreased by ADSC-Exo treatment. The results of real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that compared with the control group, the expressions of collagen Ⅰ, α-SMA, TGF-β and p-Smad 2/3 in the ADSC-Exo treatment group were significantly decreased. Conclusion:In vitro, ADSC-Exo can affect the biological behavior and reduce the expression of fibrosis markers in LSFs by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer. At present, nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC) and pegylated interferon α used in clinical practice cannot directly target covalently closed circular DNA, and it is difficult to achieve clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B patients; therefore, it is urgently needed to develop direct-acting antiviral agents targeting all stages of the HBV replication cycle. Capsid assembly modulator (CpAM) targets the assembly of viral capsids through various mechanisms, thereby exerting a direct-acting antiviral effect. Its combination with NUC should have a good synergistic antiviral effect, but the results of existing clinical trials have shown that chronic hepatitis B patients who received a limited course of antiviral therapy with CpAM and NUC all experienced off-therapy viral rebound. Based on the mechanism of action of these two types of drugs, this article provides a reasonable explanation for the above clinical trial results and points out that a longer course of antiviral therapy with CpAM and NUC may be needed in the future clinical trials with safe drug withdrawal as the end point of observation, so as to deplete or silence the pool of covalently closed circular DNA and increase the possibility of safe drug withdrawal in CHB patients. In addition, further studies are needed to explore antiviral therapeutic strategies with a combination of multiple targets.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of speech imagery therapy combined with traditional dysarthria training on dysarthria in children with cerebral palsy. MethodsFrom August to December, 2022, 21 children with cerebral palsy combined with dysarthria in Wuhu Fifth People's Hospital were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C. Group A was given traditional dysarthria training for 30 minutes everytime, group B was given implantable speech imagery combined with traditional dysarthria training for 40 minutes everytime, and group C was given additional speech imagery combined with traditional dysarthria training for 40 minutes everytime, five days a week, for three weeks. Articulation and Phonology Assessment Scale, Mouth Sensory-Motor Assessment Scale, and mandibular distance, tongue distance and vowel space area (VSA) were evaluated before and after treatment. ResultsThere was no significant difference in all the indexes among three groups before treatment (F < 1.247, P > 0.05). After treatment, the scores of phonological function and sensory-motor assessment scale increased (|t| > 2.575, P < 0.05), and the mandibular distance and VSA increased in groups A and B (|t| > 2.632, P < 0.05). The d-value of phonological function before and after treatment was more in groups B and C than in group A (P < 0.05), and no difference was found in the d-value of other indexes before and after treatment among three groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionBoth speech imagery therapies are effective in improving diction clarity, oral range of motion, and motion control ability in children with cerebral palsy, and are more effective in improving articulatory clarity than traditional speech-language training.

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of functional metabolism has been widely used to investigate functional recovery and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy after stroke. The voxel intensity of a PET image is the most important indicator of cellular activity, but is affected by other factors such as the basal metabolic ratio of each subject. In order to locate dysfunctional regions accurately, intensity normalization by a scale factor is a prerequisite in the data analysis, for which the global mean value is most widely used. However, this is unsuitable for stroke studies. Alternatively, a specified scale factor calculated from a reference region is also used, comprising neither hyper- nor hypo-metabolic voxels. But there is no such recognized reference region for stroke studies. Therefore, we proposed a totally data-driven automatic method for unbiased scale factor generation. This factor was generated iteratively until the residual deviation of two adjacent scale factors was reduced by < 5%. Moreover, both simulated and real stroke data were used for evaluation, and these suggested that our proposed unbiased scale factor has better sensitivity and accuracy for stroke studies.
Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stroke ; diagnostic imaging