Autoantibody-related congenital heart block (ACHB) is a passively acquired autoimmune disease developing in fetuses after exposuring to maternal anti-Ro/Sj?gren's syndrome type A (SSA) antibody and/or anti-La/SSB antibody transported across the placenta, which contributes to fetal heart conduction system damage and signal conduction block at the atrioventricular node. However, fetal atrioventricular block does not necessarily occur with the presence of maternal autoantibodies, indicating its complex pathogenesis. This review focuses on the theories of calcium channels and apoptosis, the influence of other maternal factors and environmental changes on ACHB and the roles of natural killer cells and human leukocyte antigen in ACHB, aiming to provide reference for further study on the pathogenesis.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of wrist-hand orthosis combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) on upper limb and hand function in patients with stroke. MethodsFrom February, 2022 to December, 2023, 32 patients after stroke in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were randomly assigned to control group (n = 16) and experimental group (n = 16). Both groups underwent routine rehabilitation, and wore constraint glove almost four hours a day. The experimenal group wore dynamic wrist-hand orthosis four hours everyday, additionally; five days every week, for three weeks. They were evaluated with Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Action Reach Arm Test (ARAT), the strength of gripping, Amount of Use (AOU) and Quality of Movement (QOM) of Motor Activity Log (MAL), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) before and after treatment, while root mean square ratio of affected/healthy extensor muscle of wrist was measured with surface electromyography ResultsAfter treatment, the scores of WMFT, ARAT, MAL-QOM, HAMA and the root mean square ratio of affected/healthy extensor muscle of wrist improved in both groups (|t| > 2.179, P < 0.05), and the improvement of WMFT score and the strength of gripping was greater in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.343, P < 0.05); the strength of gripping, the scores of MAL-AOU and HAMD improved in the experimental group (|t| > 2.819, P < 0.05). ConclusionmCIMT assisted with dynamic wrist-hand orthosis could improve upper limb and hand function in stroke patients.

Objective In the recovery process of stroke patients, the ability of maintaining standing and sitting position might have a great effect on the improvement of activity of daily living. There are few the methods which evaluate quantitatively and effectively the ability of position control ability in clinical practice. The aim of the study is to quantitatively evaluate the reliability of posturographic parameters based on the center of pelvis in different standing positions and walking activity.Methods From May to June, 2018, Seventy-nine healthy participants were enrolled. They were evaluated with iReGo, a walking assisstant robot, in three conditions: normal standing position, left/right standing position and walking 10 meters at an appropriate speed. The computer calculated the posturographic parameters automatically. The participants completed their second test one day after the first one.Results During normal standing position, the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) of average sway in coronal plane, average sway in sagittal plane, path length, and covered area were more than 0.70. During left standing position, ICC of all the above parameters were more than 0.70. During right standing position, ICC of all the above parameters were more than 0.49. When walking 10 meters at an appropriate speed, ICC of path length and covered area were more than 0.75. Comparing different standing positions, the normal standing position was more stable than the left/right standing position, and there was no difference between the left and the right standing positions.Conclusion Posturographic parameters based on the center of pelvis might be a reliable way to assess the position control ability in different standing positions and walking process.