First of all,the overall framework of 3D printing is briefly introduced,including the basic principles of the additive manufacturing process,the classification and summary of the seven processes.Secondly,the common negative Poisson's ratio structure is introduced.Compared with the conventional structure,the negative Poisson's ratio structure has stronger energy absorption capacity,better fracture resistance and better indentation resistance,which are its advantages in printing manufacturing.Finally,3D printing,the application of negative Poisson's ratio structure and the combination of the two are introduced from the different perspective of medical field,for example,the application of cardiovascular stent,biomedical material structure preparation,and lumbar disc implants.This paper suggests that the structural design of negative Poisson's ratio in 3D printing guides the development of new application directions in the medical field.Negative Poisson's ratio materials have a wide range of applications,not only in the medical field but also in mechanical equipment,automotive manufacturing,aerospace,and other high-tech industries.

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the genitourinary system and the current therapeutic approaches are unsatisfactory. Urinary cell-free DNA (ucf DNA) has the ability to give comprehensive and crucial information on cancer as it carries genetic messages from cells shedding directly into urine as well as transporting from circulation. The ucf DNA of patients with bladder cancer carries disease information, suggesting that ucf DNA may have the ability to detect, monitor, and prognosticate patients with bladder cancer. The ucf DNA analysis bridges the gap between current techniques and enhances diagnostic and detection capabilities, and has a very promising future in term of translation into clinical practice. This article reviewed the progress of clinical applications of ucf DNA in bladder cancer.

Objective To retrieve,extract,evaluate,and integrate the relevant evidence of postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation management in patients with lung cancer complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,so as to provide an evidence-based basis for improving the quality of postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation.Methods Relevant literature on postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation of lung cancer complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were searched by computer from clinical decisions,guideline websites,professional association websites,and comprehensive databases.The types of the literature included clinical decisions,guidelines,expert consensuses,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,and randomized controlled trials.The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to September 2023.Results A total of 19 articles were included,including 4 clinical decisions,3 guidelines,6 expert consensuses,1 evidence summary,3 systematic reviews,and 2 randomized controlled trials.Through reading,extraction and classification,23 pieces of best evidence were finally formed,including multidisciplinary cooperation,evaluation,pulmonary rehabilitation strategies and health education.Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence for postoperative lung rehabilitation management in patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Clinical medical staff can implement practical evidence for postoperative lung rehabilitation based on actual situations,and promote the transformation of evidence-based knowledge into practice.

Objective:To assess the clinical result of repeated combined detrusor-trigone botulinum toxin A(BTX-A)injection and intermittent catheterization(IC) for male adults with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and urinary incontinence(UI) secondary to spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods:From January to August 2021, the data of 43 adult male patients with NDO and UI secondary to SCI who received repeated trigone-including intradetrusor BTX-A injection in Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the patients was (29.1±10.7) years. The mean incontinence specific quality of life (I-QOL) was (39±4.8). The UI episodes was (11.9±2.6), mean voiding volume was (170.7±20.1)ml, mean maximum detrusor pressure at first NDO was (81.4±19.6) cmH 2O and mean volume at first NDO was (169.1±40.0)ml.All patients received trigone-including intradetrusor BTX-A (300 U, 30 sites) injection for four times and IC. Clinical data including I-QOL, bladder diary, video-urodynamic test and adverse events were recorded at baseline and 12 weeks after each injection. Results:Mean interval between four injections were (220.6±27.4), (222.8±24.1) and (224.4±39.0) d ( P=0.13). Compared with baseline data before first injection, mean I-QOL after the first, second, third and fourth injection increased to (54.9±9.1), (56.1±7.9), (61.7±9.1) and (68.8±8.9) (all P<0.001). The number of urinary incontinence cases decreased to 36, 35, 35 and 33 (all P<0.05). The mean urinary incontinence episodes per day decreased to (4.4±0.6), (3.8±0.4), (2.2±0.5) and (2.1±0.3)(all P<0.001). Mean voiding volume increased to (288.3±40.2), (300.0±38.6), (316.9±46.8) and (319.5±36.7) ml (all P<0.001). Mean maximum detrusor pressure at first NDO decreased to (29.4± 11.0), (26.1±8.7), (20.3±5.9) and (18.5±6.0) cmH 2O (all P<0.001) and mean volume at first NDO increased to (270.0±48.7), (284.9±51.3), (287.7±47.9) and (303.0±46.2) ml (all P<0.001), respectively. Compared with four injections, no difference in response was found in the mean I-QOL, the number of urinary incontinence cases, mean urinary incontinence episodes mean voiding volume, mean maximum detrusor pressure at first NDO and mean volume at first NDO (all P>0.05). No de novo VUR occurred and 2 cases of grade Ⅱ VUR at baseline had resolved after the first injection. 9 patients experienced serious gross hematuria within first week after injection, but the urine returned to clear by prolonging the catheter indwelling time or bladder irrigation. 12 patients with active urinary tract infection were treated with indwelling catheter and sensitive antibiotics. Patients continued IC when the symptoms, signs and laboratory examination were normal. Conclusions:Combined detrusor-trigone BTX-A injection and IC could help decrease detrusor pressure, restore some of the lower urinary tract function and improve the quality of life for male patients with NDO and UI secondary to SCI. Repeated injection is as effective and safe as the first injection.

3D printing technology is a kind of manufacturing technology for increasing materials. Based on its advantages of rapid prototyping, digitalization and customization, it can effectively meet the needs of personalized and accurate medical treatment, and has been widely studied and applied in the medical field. This paper introduces the principle, technology and materials of 3D printing technology, and describes the research and application status of the technology in medical field. Meanwhile, some problems of 3D printing technology existing in the current development and its future application prospects also will be discussed.
Medicine ; trends ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Research ; trends

Rehabilitation assessment is the basis and important part of rehabilitation diagnosis and treatment. At present, clinical evaluation is usually carried out by observation method and scale method. At the same time, researchers monitor patients' physical condition data through sensor system and other equipment as a supplement. The purpose of this study is to review the application and development of objective rehabilitation assessment technology in clinical practice, and to discuss its limitations and strategies to provide reference for related research.
Humans ; Technology ; Rehabilitation

Objective: To assess clinical effect and safety of botulinum toxin A injection in external urethral sphincter for male patient with neurogenic detrusor underactivity(DU). Methods: A prospective and self-controlled trail was conducted from August 2012 to October 2017. Male patients with nerve injury, dysuria more than 6 months, DU(bladder contractility index less than 100) were enrolled in this study. Exclusion criteria included patients with acute urinary tract infection, bladder stone, benign prostate hyperplasia, urethral stricture and urethral diverticulum.100 IU BTX-A was dissolved in 4ml normal saline, and the solution of BTX- A was injected into 4 different points(3-o’clock, 6-o’clock, 9-o’clock, and 12-o’clock) in external urinary sphincter with each point of 1ml solution. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after injection. The outcomes included post void residual (PVR), maximum flow rate (Q_max), maximum detrusor pressure during voiding phases (P_det.max), maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), the case number of intermittent catheterization (IC)and the score of quality of life (QOL score). Adverse events were also recorded. Results: A total of 58 male patients (all from Guangdong provincial work injury rehabilitation hospital)with mean age 28.6 years suffered from cerebral palsy (n=2), cerebrovascular accident(n=19)and spinal cord injury(n=37) were included into the study. Compared to baseline data, significant difference were observed at week 12 in PVR (56.68 ml vs. 280.11 ml, P<0.001), P_det.max(23.95 cmH₂O vs. 30.01 cmH₂O, P=0.019), Q_max(6.74 ml/s vs. 3.28 ml/s, P=0.042), MUCP(48.25 cmH₂O vs. 79.34 cmH₂O, P<0.001), the case number of IC(40 vs. 58, P<0.001) and QOL score(3.63 vs.5.22, P<0.001) respectively. 5 cases developed perineal pain and 16 cases developed mild transient haematuria. These adverse events were disappeared by medical symptomatic treatment during 3-5 days. Conclusions BTX-A externalurethral sphincter injections help reduce urethra resistance and also improve the quality of life for patients with neurogenic detrusor underactivity.