Spontaneous choledochocyst perforation in adults is a rare disease with more acute onset and rapid progression of the disease.Most cases of spontaneous choledochocyst perforation are misdiagnosed due to the lack of typical symptoms,meanwhile,treatment remains controversial,and accordingly it is hard for doctors to make a decision on treatment.Nevertheless,the individualized treatment can be performed on patients according to the clinical symptoms and conditions of patients combined with the medical history,laboratory and imaging examinations or other special procedures.In this article,the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous choledohocyst perforation were summarized on the basis of global literatures and analyses of the pathogeny and clinical presentation of this disease.

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We report the diagnosis and treatment of two cases of fetal intestinal volvulus. Case 1 presented to Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital due to reduced fetal movements at 33 +4 weeks of gestation. Case 2 was referred to our hospital from a local hospital because of fetal bowel dilatation by ultrasound at 32 +5 weeks. Both cases were found to have fetal bowel dilatation with typical "whirlpool" or "coffee bean" signs on ultrasound after admission. After multidisciplinary consultation and discussion, an emergency cesarean section was performed, during which the two neonates underwent surgical operation and resection of necrotic bowel loops after confirming the diagnosis of volvulus and intestinal necrosis. Case 2 suffered from pulmonary artery thrombosis after the bowel surgery, and underwent pulmonary artery incision and embolectomy within 24 hours. Both newborns recovered well after the operation, whose growth parameters and nervous system development was normal for follow-up.