Objective To assess the outcomes of the surgical treatment of supination external rotation trimalleolar fractures,comparing the techniques of lateral plating and antiglide plating as described previously.Methods This is a retrospective review.A total of 31 patients meeting our inclusion criteria,with supination external rotation trimalleolar fractures surgically treated between 2009 and 2011,were studied.17 patients were treated with antiglide plating,whereas the remaining 14 patients underwent traditional lateral plating.They were followed up by a period ranging from 14 to 38 months(average,26 months).The functional results were evaluated with olerud and molander scoring system described previously.All the data including time to surgery,operating room time,tourniquet time,hospital stay and ankle joint function scores,were respectively analyzed in accordance with the complete randomized design t-test.Results There was no statistically significant in time to surgery,operating room,tourniquet time,hospital stay and ankle joint functional scores.Conclusions The outcome of the surgical management of supination external rotation trimalleolar fracture is comparable with both techniques.Our data do not support one technique over the other.

AIM:TostudythefunctionofmicroRNA(miR)-19aandmiR-92abyseed-targetinginhibitionin multiple myeloma cells and their signal pathways .METHODS:The experiments were divided into t-antimiR-19a group, t-antimiR-92a group, scramble control group and blank control group .The growth-inhibitory potencies were measured by MTT assay.The ability of cell colony formation was measured by cell colony formation assay .The ability of cell invasion was measured by Transwell experiment .The miR-19a and miR-92a target gene signal pathways were integrated by miRFo-cus software.RESULTS:MTT assay showed that t-antimiR-19a and t-antimiR-92a significantly inhibited the viability of multiple myeloma cells , and the best concentration and time were 0.5μmol/L and 48 h, respectively .The colony number in t-antimiR-19a/92a group was less than that in scramble control group .The transfection with t-antimiR-19a or t-antimiR-92a effectively decreased the cell invasion , as the relative invasion cell number was significantly decreased compared with scramble control group.miR-19a and miR-92a were involved in mTOR signaling, cell cycle and other cancer pathways . CONCLUSION:miR-19a and miR-92a cluster might be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in multiple myelo-ma.

Objective To observe changes of hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic functional reserve after splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization. Methods From July 2006 to August 2007, thirty patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascuiarization. The PVPG (portal venous pressure gradient) was measured by inductor continually during operation. The HAF (hepatic artery flow), PVF (portal venours flow) and hepatic arterial RI(resistant index) were measured with Doppler sonography. The EHBF(effective hepatic blood flow) and ICGR15 (indocyaninegreen retention rate at 15 minutes) were obtained respectively by indocyaninegreen clearance test before and after the operation. Results PVPG after laparotomy (19±4) mm Hg, ligating the splenic artery(14±4) mm Hg, splenectomy(14±3)mm Hg and periesophagogastric devascularization (12±4) mm Hg showed a tendency to decrease progressively. The PVF decreased [from (42±14) ml/s to (16±8) ml/s] and HAF increased in compensation after operation. The EHBF increased [from (0.48±0.10) L/min to (0.56±0.10) L/min], and the ICGR15 decreased (from 23%±8% to 18%±4%) postoperatively. Conclusion After splenectomy and periesophagogastric devascularization, the hepatic functional reserve improves at least in a short term notwithstanding the decrease of PVPG and PVF.

Objective:To compare the temperature rise curve and steady-state temperature of thulium and holmium laser in lithotripsy.Methods:This study was conducted from November to December 2021. Firstly, we designed an experimental water tank(10 cm×10 cm×10 cm) that can carry out constant temperature water bath, with a 8ml simulated renal pelvis, and can carry out constant velocity perfusion in the simulated renal pelvis. A 1 cm×1 cm×1 cm cubic artificial stone was placed in the simulated renal pelvis to perform 36.5℃-37.5 ℃ water bath. The simulated renal pelvis was closed with an oak plug, the temperature measuring probe and flexible ureteroscope were placed through the hole on the oak plug and entered into the simulated renal pelvis. Flexible ureteroscope was carried out by urologists. The lithotripsy lasted a total of 180 seconds for thulium and holmium laser respectively under different parameter settings (10 Hz×1.0 J, 10 Hz×2.0 J, 10 Hz×3.0 J, 20 Hz×0.5 J, 20 Hz×1.0 J, 20 Hz×1.5 J, the corresponding gravel power is 10 W, 20 W and 30 W respectively), the constant speed water pump flow rate was separate as the high flow rate group (35 ml/min) and low flow rate group (15ml/min), and leave a temperature probe 5mm around the optical fiber. Water temperature change during the lithotripsy was recorded by probes, the average of 10 temperature values of two probes measured every 5 seconds was taken as the water temperature value of this period, with a total of 216 time points in 6 parameter settings. Under the same parameter settings, the temperature of two lasers at each time point was plotted and compared to form the corresponding temperature rise curve. The average temperature in the last 30 seconds during lithotripsy in the record was used as the steady-state temperature, which of thulium and holmium laser lithotripsy was compared under the same parameter setting and the same water flow velocity. Finally, 43℃ was taken as the safety threshold temperature to evaluate whether the temperature of the two lasers during lithotripsy exceeds the safety threshold.Results:According to the temperature rise curve, the water temperature of thulium laser during lithotripsy was higher than that of holmium laser at 77.7% (168/216)of time points. At the flow rate of 15 ml/min, thulium laser was significantly higher than that of holmium laser at 10 Hz×1.0 J[(32.43±2.19℃)vs. (30.99±0.90)℃, P<0.01], 10 Hz×2.0 J[(41.21±3.30℃) vs. (38.13±1.26)℃, P<0.01], 10 Hz×3.0 J[(49.54±2.44)℃vs. (44.91±0.65)℃, P<0.01], 20 Hz×0.5 J[(32.75±1.41)℃vs. (30.84±1.16)℃, P<0.01], 20 Hz×1.0 J[(41.67±1.76)℃vs. (37.51±1.25)℃, P<0.01], 20 Hz×1.5 J [(47.54 ± 3.48)℃vs. (46.12±1.04)℃, P<0.01]. At the flow rate of 35 ml/min, the thulium laser was significantly higher than that of holmium laser at 10 Hz×1.0 J[(28.01±0.57)℃ vs. (26.84±0.97)℃, P<0.01], 10 Hz×2.0 J[(31.31±1.07)℃vs.(30.41±1.39)℃, P<0.01], 10 Hz×3.0 J[(33.29±0.70)℃vs.(32.25±2.55)℃, P<0.01], 20 Hz×0.5 J[(28.36±0.99)℃vs.(26.22±0.66)℃, P<0.01], 20 Hz×1.0 J [(30.80±2.06)℃vs.(30.08±0.78)℃, P=0.012], and the steady-state temperature was not significant different between two laser at 20 Hz×1.5 J [(34.54±3.08)℃ and(33.93±1.49)℃, P=0.163]. In the low flow rate group, thulium laser at 10 Hz×1.0 J, 10 Hz×2.0 J, 20 Hz×0.5 J and 20 Hz×1.0 J does not exceed the safety threshold temperature, while in the high flow rate group, any combination of laser parameters of the two lasers does not exceed the safety threshold temperature. Conclusion:Under the same laser parameter setting and flow rate, the thermal eff of thulium laser is more obvious. When using thulium laser for lithotripsy, the flow rate in the process of lithotripsy being faster than that of holmium laser with the same laser setting should be ensured to avoid tissue damage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the situation and development trend of the disease burden of acute hepatitis B in China in 1990 — 2019. MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease 2019 was used to analyze the incidence rate， mortality rate， and disability-adjusted life year （DALY） rate of acute hepatitis B in different sex and age groups and predict the trend of the incidence rate of acute hepatitis B. ResultsIn 2019， the incidence rate， mortality rate， and DALY rate of acute hepatitis B in China were 1 623.71/100 000， 0.20/100 000， and 10.04/100 000 respectively， which were reduced by 42.03%， 79.38%， and 80.21%， respectively， compared with the data in 1990， and women showed lower incidence rate， mortality rate， and DALY rate of acute hepatitis B than men. In 2019， the 20～<54 years group had the highest incidence rate （2 285.85/100 000） and DALY rate （10.53/100 000）， and the ≥55 years group had the highest mortality rate of 0.52/100 000. The Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that the incidence rate， mortality rate， and DALY rate of acute hepatitis B in China tended to decrease from 1990 to 2019， with an average annual percent change of -1.9%， -5.2%， and -5.5%， respectively （P<0.05）. The grey prediction model GM （1，1） showed that the incidence rate of acute hepatitis B will decrease from 2020 to 2030 in China. ConclusionThe disease burden of acute hepatitis B tended to decrease from 1990 to 2019 in China， indicating that the prevention and treatment measures for acute hepatitis B have achieved a marked effect in China； however， due to the large population base of China， active preventive measures should be further adopted to reduce the disease burden of acute hepatitis B.

Objective:To analyze the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided needle-perc assisted retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the treatment of small but complex renal calculi, and summarize our clinical experience.Methods:The clinical data of 36 patients with small but complicated renal stones treated by ultrasound-guided needle-perc assisted RIRS in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2020 to April 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 25 males and 11 females. The average age was (54.7±6.1) years, and the body mass index (BMI) was (26.3±3.1) kg/m 2. The maximum diameter of the calculi was (1.8±0.7) cm. There were 28 patients without renal hydronephrosis before operation, 8 patients with mild to moderate renal hydronephrosis, 4 patients with caliceal diverticular stones, 32 patients with lower pole stones, 10 patients with ureteral stones, 6 patients with previous surgical history of ipsilateral kidney stones, and 3 patients with stones in the solitary kidneys. Patients were placed in oblique supine lithotomy position or prone split leg position (female). For lower pole stones or diverticular stones that were difficult to be handled by flexible ureteroscope, the needle-perc was used to puncture the stones in target calyx under ultrasound guidance. Holmium laser was then used to pulverize or fragment the calculi, and the flexible ureteroscope was used to remove or further pulverize the stone fragments. Perioperative indexes and postoperative complications were recorded, and stone-free rate was analyzed. Results:All 36 cases were successfully operated. The median operation time was 61.5(59.0, 66.8)min, with a median decrease in hemoglobin on the first postoperative day of 1.6(0.8, 2.0)g/ L, a median postoperative hospital stay of 1.5(1.0, 2.0)days, and a median needle-perc tract of 1(1, 2). The complications were recorded in 4 patients (11.1%), all of which were Clavien-Dindo grade I, including postoperative fever in 2 patients and analgesic use in 2 patients. The primary stone-free rate was 83.3% (30/36). The 6 patients with residual stones were treated by external physical vibration lithecbole on the 3rd to 7th day after surgery. After 1 month follow-up, residual stone expulsion were seen in 3 patients. Three patients with residual stones were followed up regularly. The final stone-free rate was 91.7% (33/36).Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided needle-per assisted RIRS is safe and effective in the treatment of small but complex renal calculi, with high postoperative stone free rate and low complication rate.

【Objective】 The thermal effects of super-pulsed thulium fiber laser (TFL) at different powers,lithotripsy modes and irrigation rates were studied using a 3D kidney model to simulate ureteral lithotripsy in vivo. 【Methods】 A thermal effect model was established in vitro. Under the same conditions of laboratory temperature and equipment,the temperature around the optical fiber was measured and compared when different optical fiber diameters,powers,lithotripsy modes and irrigation rates were used to simulate lithotripsy by TFL. 【Results】 There was significant difference in the temperature around the optical fiber caused by two fibers with different diameters under the same conditions (P<0.05). Under the same conditions,different lithotripsic modes produced different temperatures,and the temperature of "high energy and low frequency" was lower than that of "low energy and high frequency" (P<0.05). When the power was 10 W and the minimum irrigation rate was 10 mL/min,the plateau temperature did not reach the safety threshold (43 ℃). When the power was 20 W and the minimum irrigation rate was 10 mL/min,the platform temperature exceeded the safety threshold. When the irrigation rate was 20 mL/min,the platform temperature did not reach the safety threshold. 【Conclusion】 In the study of ureteral lithotripsy in vitro,the power,mode,irrigation rate and optical fiber diameter are factors affecting the thermal effects of TFL. No matter what kind of lithotripsy mode and fiber diameter,the temperature around the fiber is safe when the lithotripsy power is ≤10 W and the irrigation rate is ≥10 mL/min;when the lithotripsy power is ≤20 W and the irrigation rate is ≥20 mL/min,the temperature around the fiber is safe.