2?cm)tumors,with or without positive lymph nodes,with or without tamoxifen treatment,and of different ER/PR status of their primary tumors were compared among the three BMI groups.RESULTS PR positivity was positively related to BMI( P

Objective To investigate if isoflurane pretreatment can protect brain from bilateral hemispheric ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Seventy-eight male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups : (A) sham operation group ( n = 15 ); (B) ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R, n = 21); (C) ischemia-preconditioning group (IP, n = 21) and (D) isoflurane pretreatment group (ISO, n = 21) Group B, C and D were further divided into 3 subgroups according to the duration of reperfusion 6 h, 24 h, 72 h. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by 4-artery occlusion technique. In sham operation group (A) bilateral vertebral and common carotid arteries were exposed but not occluded. In ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R) bilateral vertebral arteries were occluded by cauterization and bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed and clamped for 20 min, then undamped for reperfusion of different duration (6 h, 24 h and 72 h) . In ischemia-preconditioning group (C) ischemia-reperfusion was preceded by 3 min global ischemia. In isoflurane-pretreatment group (D) the animals inhaled 1,5% isoflurane for 2 h before I/R. The animals were sacrificed right after reperfusion and brain was removed immediately for microscopic examination of hippocampal CA1. The number of living neurons (HE staining) and apoptotic neurons (TUNEL) was counted. Results (1) In group B (I/R) the number of living neurons in CA1 was decreasing with duration of reperfusion from 90.2 ? 2.4 (after 6 h reperfusion) to 45.8 ??4.9 (72 h of reperfusion) ( P

ObjectiveToexploretheeffectof ceremideonprocess of peritoneal mesothelial cells(PMCs) apoptosis induced by peritoneal dialysis solution(PDS).Methods PMCs were cultured with normal DMEM,1.5％ PDS and 4.25％ PDS.4.25％ mannitol was used as high osmotic pressure control.Ceremide were detected by LC-MS-MS.Flow cytometry was used in apoptosis analysis.Bax,p53 and bcl-2 protein expressions were detected by Western blotting.Results (1) PDS caused the increase of intracellular ceremide in PMCs,and normal and high osmotic pressure controls had no such effect.As the acidic sphigomyelinase inhibitor,desipramine significantly inhibited the production of ceramide induced by 4.25％ PDS [(56.08±12.24) μg/L vs (91.25:t:15.89) μg/L,P＜0.01]. (2) Compared with 1.5％ PDS,4.25％ PDS stimulated PMCs apoptosis (26.65％±6.21％ vs 4.04％±1.86％,P＜0.01),up-regulated bax and p53 proteins expression (P＜0.01),and down-regulated bcl-2 protein exprssion(P＜0.05).Desipramine obviously inhibited the apoptosis induced by 4.25％ PDS,decreased bax and p53 proteins expression,increased bcl-2 protein expression(P＜0.05).Exogenous C2-ceremide reversed the effect of desipramine(P＜0.05).Conclusion The increase of intracellular ceremide may play an important role in the PMCs apoptosis induced by high glucose PDS.

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical stretch preconditioning on pathological stretch-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways in human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells.Methods Human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell line A549 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table: control group (group Ⅰ), pathological stretch group (group Ⅱ), and mechanical stretch preconditioning group (group Ⅲ).In group Ⅰ , A549 cells were cultured routinely without receiving pathological stretch.In group Ⅱ , A549 cells were exposed to 20％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 6 h.In group Ⅲ , A549 cells were exposed to 5％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 60 min, and then exposed to 20％ cyclic stretch at 0.3 Hz for 6 h.After the end of the treatment, the cells were collected for determination of the cell viability (by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay) and lactate dehydrogeuase (LDH)release (by colorimetric method).The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the culture medium were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of total NF-κB, phosphorylated NF-κB, total STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 was detected using Western blot.The ratios of phosphorylated NF-κB to total NF-κB and phosphorylated STAT3 to total STAT3 were calculated to reflect the activation.Results Compared with group Ⅰ , the cell viability was significantly decreased, the amount of LDH released was increased, and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8 and HMGB1, and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 were increased in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.Compared with group Ⅱ , the cell viability was significantly increased, the amount of LDH released was decreased, and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8 and HMGB1, and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 were decreased in group Ⅲ.Conclusion The mechanism by which mechanical stretch preconditioning attenuates pathological stretch-induced damage to human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells is related to inhibited activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcrnoma in situ (DCIS).MethodsOne hundred and nineteen patients with pathologically confirmed DCIS were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship among local recurrence and distant metastasis with relevant factors including surgical procedure, age, tumor size, estrogen/progesterone status and human epithelial receptor 2 (HER-2) status were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods.ResultsIn this study 48 patients received breast conserving surgery,71 patients received mastectomy. All patients were followed up for 7-132 months (median 35 months). Chest wall recurrence was found in mastectomy group in one case and none in ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in breast conservation group (P =0. 384). Two patients had distant metastasis in mastectomy group, and one patient in breast conserving group ( P =0. 383 ). The three year disease-free survival (DFS) were 100％ and 94. 4％ in breast conserving and mastectomy groups respectively(P =0. 225). Univariate analysis showed that age( ＜40 years)was the risk factor for distant metastasis(P =0. 035) ,a factor not confirmed by multivariate analysis (P =0. 086).ConclusionsThere is no significant difference on local recurrence and distant metastasis between breast conserving surgery and mastectomy for DCIS of the breast.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of treating glioma in combination with drugs multiply by comparing the size of tumor and the survival time of different groups in rat glioma after targeted blood-brain barrier (BBB ) disruption by MRI-guided focused ultrasound.Methods The stereotaxis instruments and the 10 μl gas-tight syringes were used to inject gliosarcoma cells into the targeted area of the brain in 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats.The glioma-bearing rat model was established.Each rat received either:(1 )no treatment (control;n =8);(2)single liposomal doxorubicin (DOX;n = 10);(3)multiple DOX (n =10);(4)single Avastin (AVS)and DOX (n =10);(5)multiple AVS and DOX (n =10).The SonoVue microbubble ultrasonic contrast agent and DOX or AVS were injected into the tail vein respectively on day 12 after implantation.The tumor size was measured by MRI on pre-treatment,immediacy and once a week of post-treatment after targeted BBB disruption by focused ultrasound,and the life span in rat glioma was recorded.Results The mediam survival of different groups in rat glioma(The range of the life span 13-90 d):no treatment (7 d);single DOX (12 d);multiple DOX (1 5 d);single AVS + DOX (22 d), multiple AVS+ DOX (30 d).There was significant difference of the groups on mediam survival comparison (P < 0.01 ).The tumor growth pattern after post-treatment of different groups in rat glioma except control:single DOX was noticeable fast and multiple AVS+DOX was visibly delayed comparable to other groups,and finally the tumor size of multiple AVS + DOX even became small.Conclusions The microbubble blasting enhances the local tissue permeability and promotes the drug delivery of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis locally in glioma-bearing rats by MRI-guided focused ultrasound.Especially,the combination with drugs multiply has a synergism efficacy that may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy,reduce tumor growth,and even become small of the tumor size,and increase survival time significantly after BBB disruption.

Objective To investigate labial and lingual alveolar bone plate thickness of the mandibular anterior teeth by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT),in order to provide a reference for immediate implantation.Methods 132 individuals with normal occlusion were examined with CBCT,and their mandibular anterior teeth were analyzed.The labial and lingual alveolar bone plate thickness at the level of the apical,1/4 of the apical,1/2 of the middle and 1/4 of the cervical were measured.The differences of the thickness were compared among the side and gender.Results There were no significant differences between the left and right sides. Except on the 1/4 of the cervical,the thickness of lingual bone plate was thicker than that of labial bone plate.The frequency of the thickness of the labial bone larger than 2 mm on the 1/4 of the cervical of the center incisor,lateral incisor,and canine were 0,0 and 1.5 1%,respectively,and on 1/4 of the middle were 0.76%,1.44% and 3.79%,respectively.The lingual bone plate thickness showed significant difference between genders.Conclusion Reference values of alveolar bone plate thickness in anterior teeth of normal occlusion were established by using CBCT,which can provide clinical instruction for immediate implant.

Objective To investigate the physical fitness status of stationed on an island and the influence factors of military operational ability in order to take effective intervention measures to cope with the problems encountered by the garrison force.Methods The outdoor environment heat intensity of the island was monitored and evaluated by thermal environment monitors.The physical fitness of thirty-eight soldiers randomly selected was evaluated by measuring VO 2max. Ninety soldiers stationed on this island were selected by random sampling , for whom questionnaires and interviews were designed, involving the influence factors of military operational ability .Results This island was a typical humid-hot environment, with high temperature , high humidity and high radiation .The physical fitness of soldiers declined obviously because of the typical humid-hot environment.The top five working environmental factors were high temperature , humidity, solar radiation, wind and seasonal drying .The top five personal factors were physical fatigue , overtraining, injury, mental fatigue and lack of sleep .Conclusion Considering the obviously decreased physical fitness of soldiers caused by the typical humid-hot environment , how to assess military combat effectiveness and how to determine whether the level of combat effectiveness can meet the actual needs of tropical combat , requires scientific indicators and criteria of evaluation .

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods SLNB was performed in sixty primary breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using a combination of 99mTc- Rituximab and patent blue. SLN was examined by routine pathologic examination and immunohistochemistry. Routine axillary lymph node resection was performed after SLNB. Results The successful rate of SLNB was 95% (57/60). Twenty-three cases of SLN (40% ) were metastasis positive, including 18 positive cases detected by HE staining and 5 by immunohistochemistry. SLN was the only metastasis lymph nodes in 14 out of 23 cases. One case was of false negative metastasis by SLN. The sensitivity and accuracy of SLNB were 96% (23/24) and 98% (56/57), respectively. The specificity was 100% (33/33) , the false negative rate was 4. 3% (1/23) with the negative predictive value being 97% (36/37). The positive predictive value was 100% (24/24). Internal mammary sentinel lymph node lymphoscintigraphy were positive in 11 cases but all the cases were negative in metastases by pathologic examination. Conclusion The combination of isotope imaging agent and patent blue is suitable for primary breast carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy is less clinically important.

ObjectiveTo investigate the family history of other cancers in Chinese han women with familial or sporadic breast cancer.Methodswe analyzed the clinical date of 4 847 primary breast cancer patients cancer patients were treated at the Breast Cancer,Peking University Cancer Hospital between October 2003 and February 2011,among them,465 were familial and4 382 were sporadic breast cancer patients.The differences of family history of cancers other than breast or ovarian cancers were compared between the patients with familial breast cancer and sporadic breast cancer.Results The proportion of cancers other than breast or ovarian cancers in familial breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that in sporadic breast cancer patients(29.7％ vs 20.8％,odds ratio 1.61,P＜ 0.001).Furthermore,the proportion in pancreatic cancer,prostate cancer,and renal cancer in familial breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that of sporadic breast cancer patients ( pancreatic cancer:2.2％ vs 0.8％,P =0.002 ; prostate cancer:1.5％ vs 0.3％,P ＜ 0.001 ; renal cancer:1.1％ vs 0.4％,P =0.03,respectively).And the relative risks of pancreatic cancer,prostate cancer,and renal cancer in the familial breast cancer patients were 2.90-fold,6.07-fold,and 2.97-fold higher than that of sporadic breast cancerpatients,respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the relative risk of cancer other than breast or ovarian in familial breast cancer patients is significantly higher than that in sporadic breast cancer patients,especially pancreatic cancer,prostate cancer,and renal cancer.