Objective To evaluate the status and influencing factors of nursing human resources allocation in grass root medical institutions in Wanzhou District of Chongqing in 12th Five-Year , and to provide reference for decision making by the relevant departments. Method A questionnaire survey was conducted among 52 grass root medical institutions in Wanzhou District of Chongqing, and the current situation and influencing factors of nursing human resources were evaluated by chi square test, rank sum test and principal component regression. Results During the period of 12th Five-Year, the nurses growth rate of grass root medical institutions in the region was 106.6%(321/301), and the ratio of bed to nurse was 1:0.27; The nursing human resources was young, the working age was low, the professional title level was low, the education level was high. The transfer rate of nurses was18.3%(114/622), the training rate to go out was 47.1%(293/622), the rate to willing training was 87%(541/622). Principal component regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting the allocation of nursing human resources were financial subsidy income, human resource expenditure, total income, business income and the total number of days occupied bed days. Conclusions The nurses human resources of the grass root medial institutions in the region increased rapidly during 12th Five-Year .However , total nursing manpower is not up to standard, the structure configuration of nurses is unreasonable, the phenomenon of the nurse job transfer is serious, the training opportunities of nurse are less, the training will of nurse is high.The financial subsidy income, human resource expenditure, total income, business income, the total number of actual occupied bed days is related to the allocation of nursing manpower. Measures should be taken to optimize the allocation of nursing manpower.