Objective: To assess the health risk associated with drinking water in Hangzhou from 2016 to 2017,and to provide evidence for the safety of drinking water . Methods: The monitoring data of 5 genetic toxic substances（arsenic,hexavalent chromium,cadmium,chloroform,tetrachloromethane）and 13 body toxic substances（lead,mercury,selenium,cyanide,fluoride,nitrate,iron,ammonia nitrogen,manganese,copper,zinc,aluminum,volatile phenol）from 36 source water samples,36 finished water samples and 288 tap water samples in the main urban areas of Hangzhou were collected from 2016 to 2017. The health risk of drinking water containing the chemical pollutants mentioned above were assessed based on the evaluation models recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency . Results: The concentrations of 5 genetic toxic substances and 13 body toxic substances in source water,finished water and tap water were all within the reference limits issued by Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB 5749—2006）. The carcinogenic risk,non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by the chemical pollutants in the source water were 2.18×10-5/a,7.75×10-9/a and 2.18×10-5/a. The carcinogenic risk,non-carcinogenic risk and the total health risk caused by the chemical pollutants in the finished water were 1.08×10-5/a,3.70×10-9/a and 1.08×10-5/a. The carcinogenic risk,non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by the chemical pollutants in the tap water were 1.96×10-5/a,3.61×10-9/a and 1.96×10-5/a. The carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by chemical pollutants ranged from high to low in the source water,tap water and finished water. The non-carcinogenic risks ranged from high to low in the source water,finished water and tap water . Conclusion The health risks of 18 chemical pollutants in drinking water in Hangzhou were at a low level,with the greater carcinogenic risk than the non-carcinogenic risk. Hexavalent chromium had the highest carcinogenic risk,while fluoride and aluminum had the highest non-carcinogenic risk.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of three liver-protecting drugs commonly used in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury. MethodsThe clinical data of 90 patients with drug-induced liver injury who were treated in Yingcheng People′s Hospital from November 2012 to April 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and according to the drugs administered, they were divided into groups A, B, and C, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in groups A, B, and C were treated with reduced glutathione, polyene phosphatidylcholine injection, and tiopronin injection, respectively. The efficacy, drug cost, and incidence of adverse events were compared between the three groups. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the LSD t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between any two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between multiple groups. ResultsGroup A had a significantly higher overall response rate than groups B and C (90.0% vs 73.3%/76.7%, χ2=2.78 and 3.75, both P＜0.05). Group B had a significantly higher drug cost than groups A and C (316.12±4.05 RMB vs 235.13±2.90 and 135.21±7.62 RMB, both P＜0.01). The incidence of adverse events showed no significant differences between the three groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionIn the clinical treatment of drug-induced liver injury, reduced glutathione has better efficacy compared with polyene phosphatidylcholine and tiopronin, as well as a reasonable cost. Therefore, this drug is preferred in the treatment of this disease.