AIM: To observe the efficacy of high concentrations of sodium hyaluronate ( 3g/L SH ) for moderate to severe dry eye.
METHODS: Forty moderate to severe dry eye patients were included in the study according to the diagnosis criteria and randomized into two groups. The patients of the trial group received topical administration of high concentration sodium hyaluronate (3g/L), and those of the control group received sodium hyaluronate ( 1g/L ) plus recombinant human epidermal growth factor. The dry eye symptom scores, ocular surface disease index ( OSDI) scores, tear film break-up time ( BUT) , SchirmerⅠ test and corneal fluorescein staining score were evaluated. All the indexes were compared between the two groups 2wk before and after treatment.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences of the indicators between the two groups before treatment. After 2wk treatment, the differences were statistically significant compared to former except for the SchirmerⅠtest. Compared with the control group, the symptom scores and the OSDI scores were lowered. No significant differences were found in the other indicators between these two groups.
CONCLUSION: Topical usage of highconcentrations of sodium hyaluronate (3g/L) is beneficial for remitting the ocular symptoms in moderate to severe dry eyes, and also improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To compare the myocardial protective effect of hyperpolarized cardioplegic arrest with pinacidil against that of depolarized hyperkalemic arrest during cardiopulmonary bypass Methods Eighteen healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 10 15kg were divided into three groups of six each, according to the cardioplegic solution infused into aortic root after aortic cross clamp was applied; group A received 4℃ standard St Thomas solution (K +16mmol/L); group B 37℃ St Thomas solution (K +5mmol/L) containing pinacidil (50?mol/L) mixed with blood (the ratio was 1:1);group C 4℃St Thomas solution (K + 5mmol/L) containing pinacidil(50?mol/L) mixed with blood (1∶1) The global ischemic time was 60min followed by 30min reperfusion Myocardial tissue was taken before and 30min, 60min after aortic cross clamping and 30min after reperfusion for determination of myocardial content of adenine nucleotide and MDA and ultrastructure examination with electron microscope Hemodynamics (BP,CVP,PCWP,CO,CI and LVSW) was also measured before aortic cross clamping and 15,30min after declamping Results Significant ischemic and reperfusion damages were found in group A, while there were only mild damages in group B and C Hemodynamics recovery after aortic declamping was significantly better in group C than that in group A and B Conclusions Myocardial protective effect of hyperpolarized arrest produced by blood cardioplegic solution containing pinacidil is superior to that of traditional depolarized hyperkalemic arrest and hypothermic hyperpolarized cardioplegia is better than normothermic

Objective To compare the myocardial protective effect of pinacidil-induced hyperpolarized and hyperkalemic depolarized cardiac arrest on isolated rabbit heart under different temperature. Methods Forty-eight rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were sacrificed by a knock on the head. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with an oxygenated Krebs-Hensleit buffer (KHB)(37℃). The study was divided into six groups: A normothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegia; B normothermic hyperkalemic blood cardioplegia; C hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegia; D hypothermia hyperkalemic blood cardioplegia; E normothermic hyperpolarizing blood cardioplegia; F hypothermic hyperpolarizing blood cardioplegia. Three pieces of myocardial tissue were obtained from apex of left ventricle at the end of the study for determination of myocardial adenine nucleotide and lipid peroxide content and microscopic examination. The following were recorded : (1) cardiac arrest time: the time from perfusion with cardioplegic solution to the beginning of cardiac arrest. (2) heart beat recovery time ;the time from reperfusion with KHB to the beginning of normal heart beat. (3) changes in HR, left ventricle developed pressure and myocardial contractility before and after cardiac arrest. Results The cardiac arrest time was longer and the time for the heart to restart was shorter in the two hyperpolarizing blood cardioplegia groups (group E and F) than that in the other 4 groups. No arrhythmia occurred in group E and F. Left ventricle developed pressure(LVDP) and left ventricle contractility recovered quickly after reperfusion with KHB was started and were restored to the pre-ischemia level after 20 min in group E and F. The levels of ATP, TAN and EC were higher and the MDA level was lower in group E and F than those in the other 4 groups. Myocardial structure was less injuried in group E and F. Conclusion The myocardial protection effect of hyperpolarizing blood cardioplegia with pinacidil is superior to traditional hyperkalemic depolarizing cardioplegia.

Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Fever ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; physiopathology ; X-Ray Film

Objective To probe the value of using echocardiography in transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods Under transthoracic echocardiography and digital subtraction angiocardiography monitoring and guidance in the operation,the Amplatzer excentric umbrella occluder was used to occlude the perimembranous defects in 15 cases of patients.Results All of the patients were treated successfully,though mitral regurgitations or residual shunts occurred in 6 cases,and disappeared at once after the position and direction of occluder were regulated in 3 and these complications disappeared gradually one month postoperation in other 3 patients.The umbrella separated from VSD in 1 and occluded successfully when manipulated once again.Complete heart block occurred in 2 and disappeared after 3 days.The positions of umbrella were normal and stable and no other complications were discovered when these patients were followed about 10 months the longest.Conclusions Echocardiography plays an important role in transcatheter closure of VSD with the Amplatzer occluder before,during and after operation and in the period of follow up.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of maxillomandibular advancement and contrarotation in the treatment of severe com-plicated multilevel obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods:1 2 patients (all males,aged 26 to 56 years) with severe complicated multilevel OSAHS were treated by orthognathic surgery methods of maxillomandibular advancement and cont-rarotation and followed up for 6 -1 2 months.Results:After surgery the symptoms of all patients,such as snoring,waking up be-cause of stoke and streaming with sweat,disappeared or were ameliorated remarkably.The AHI index declined from 51 -70 before operation to 0 -3 after operation.While sleeping,their blood oxygen saturation augmented from 30% -70.1 % presurgically to 93%-99% postsurgically,and their average blood oxygen saturation increased from 60% -72% presurgically to 95% -99% postsurgi-cally in all 1 2 patients.Conclusion:Orthognathic surgery method of maxillomandibular advancement and contrarotation is effective in the treatment of severe complicated multilevel OSAHS.

Objective To explore the relationship between the protective effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S ) postconditioning against myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation and the dynamics of actin. Methods Adult rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and the same hatch cells were divided into 4 groups (n =3):normal group (group N),hypoxia-reoxygenation group (group HR),ischemia postconditioning group (group IPTC)and H2 S postconditioning group (group S).The four groups were divided into two sub-groups with or without cytochalasin D (CyD).At the end of reoxygenation,F-actin/G-actin,intracellular calcium ion concentration (Ca2+ )and pH value were detected with laser scanning confocal microscopy, meanwhile the level of p-p38MAPK was detected with Western blot.Results The fluorescence intensity of F-actin/G-actin of group HR,group IPTC and group S were significantly higher than that of group N (P <0.05).The fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ of group HR was higher than that of group N,group IPTC and group S (P <0.05);The intensity of Ca2+ of all group with CyD treatment was higher than those without (P <0.05);The fluorescence intensity of pHi of group N and group HR with CyD treatment was higher than those without;The fluorescence intensity of pHi of group IPTC and group S was lower than those without;The flu-orescence intensity of pHi of group HR was lower than that of group N,group IPTC and group S (P <0.05), respectively;the pHi of group N and group HR sub-group with CyD treatment was higher than those without correspondingly (P <0.05),however,the pHi of IPTC and S sub-groups were lower than their corresponding groups (P <0.05).The level of p-p38MAPK in group HR was significantly higher than those of other groups (P <0.05);there was no difference among groups N,IPTC and S.Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide postcondi-tioning could promote F-actin to remodel and stabilize the cellular environment.Hypoxia-reoxygenation pro-motes the phosphorylation level of p38MAPK,which could be surpressed by H2 S postconditioning.

Objective To determine the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SAHA) on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2.The possible underlying mechanisms were also investigated.Methods The LX-2 cells were treated with SAHA in vitro.The morphology of LX-2 cells in different concentrations groups was observed by inverted microscope;the proliferation of LX-2 cells was measured by MTT assay;the Annexin V-FITC and PI staining was used to detect the apoptosis of LX-2 cells by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope;the expression of α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,acH3K9,acH3K14 and acH3K18 were detected by Western blot.Results The morphology change of LX-2 cells showed that SAHA inhibited the proliferation rate of LX-2 cells and in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).The LX-2 cells were sensitive to SAHA along with time increasing,and in a time-dependent manner(P<0.05).Western blot showed that the expression levels of α-SMA and collagen-Ⅰ were significantly lower(P<0.05),on the contrary,the acetylation levels of acH3K9,acH3K14 and acH3K18 were significantly higher (P<0.05).Conclusions The increased acetylation of the histone acH3K9,acH3K14,acH3K18 and the lower expressed α-SMA and collagen-Ⅰ in LX-2 cells may be one of the mechanisms of SAHA.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes and significance of heart rate variability(HRV)during the initial phase after acute exposure to Tibet plateau by combining time,frequency domain and non-linear analysis.Methods Eighty-six healthy young men of Han nationality underwent short-term(5 min)heart rate variability(HRV)monitoring at 560 meter above sea level(plain),then were transported to Tibet plateau(3675-meter above sea level)by airplane.There,all subjects were divided into 3 groups,and A gorup(n=12)underwent HRV monitoring on the 2nd day after arrival,B group(n=48)on the 3rd day,C group(n=26)on the 4th day.Results Compared with the data obtained at plain,the standard deviation of normal to normal intervals(SDNN),high frequency(HF)and total power(TP)decreased significantly(P50 ms(PNN50)and normalized high frequency(HFnu)also decreased obviously(P

To improve ethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,an integration plasmid pUPGKAT with PGK promoter(phosphoglycerate kinase promoter),adh1 gene(the coding sequences of alcohol dehydrogenaseⅠ) and CYC1 terminator(Cytochrome c transcription terminator) was constructed.Firstly,a fusion fragment composed of PGK promoter and adh1 gene was generated by over lap extension PCR and ligated into pUG6 resulting in plasmid pUPGKA.Subsequently,CYC1 termi nator was amplified from pSH65 by PCR and ligated to the SpeⅠand SacⅡrestriction site of pUPGKA.To integrate PGK-adh1-CYC1 into S.cerevisiae genome,pUPGKAT was digested by TthⅢⅠand the lin-earized plasmid was used to transform S.cerevisiae YS2-△adh2(adh2 disrupted strain) by lithium acetate method.The yeast mutant YS2-△adh2-adh1 which had the adh1 gene placed under the PGK promoter and harbored the adh2 deletion was constructed.Anaerobic fermentation showed overexpression of adh1 by PGK promoter resulted in a 8.84% higher ethanol production compared to YS2-△adh2.