Mind map is an effective and intuitive knowledge organization and presentation tool which can help computer teaching commendably. We can use Mind Map to design and organize the whole teaching process, including preparing, designing, guiding, analyzing and reviewing. This way can turns tedious logic of computer teaching into imagery thinking and helps medical students improv-ing their learning effect of computer courses.

Objective To investigate the expression and change of cytoglobin(Cygb)gene on hypoxicischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods Fifty SD rats of 7days old were divided into four study groups and one control group.The brain tissues were taken at 4hours,12hours,24hours and 48hours after the onset of HIBD.Cygb mRNA was determined by the reverse transcription PCR.One-way method of GraphPad Prism was used for statistics.Results The fragment length of PCR products was identical with experimental design.The expression level of Cygb gene increased at 4h after ischemia,and peaked at 24h.48h after HIBD,the Cygb gene level began to decrease.Conclusion The expression of Cygb in brain tissue increased rapidly after HIBD of newborn rats,suggesting that Cygb may have important function in the protection process of HIBD.

A solution with different Cu supply levels was cultured to investigate gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species. Increasing Cu from 0.25 to 500 micromol/L significantly enhanced levels of GABA and histidine (His), but considerably decreased levels of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) in the leaves. The leaf Asp level negatively correlated with leaf Cu level, while leaf GABA level positively correlated with leaf Cu level. The leaf Glu level negatively correlated with leaf GABA level in Elsholtzia splendens. The depletion of leaf Glu may be related to the enhanced synthesis of leaf GABA under Cu stress.
Copper ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Lamiaceae ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effects of recombinant human Mullerian inhibiting substance on cell proliferation in human ovarian carcinoma cells (OVCAR8 and SKOV3 cell lines). METHODS:The expression of MISIIR protein and the localization of MISIIR protein were analyzed by Western blotting and confocal spectral microscopy,respectively. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Cell viability was determined via MTT method. Clone formation test was used to detect oncogenicity in vitro.RESULTS:The MISIIR protein expression in OVCAR8 cells but not in SKOV3 cells was observed. MISIIR expression was seen on the OVCAR8 cell surface and in the cytoplasm with both antibodies. After treated with rhMIS for 48 h,the cell viability was significantly decreased in OVCAR8 cells. rhMIS inhibited the oncogenicity of OVCAR8 cells greatly. The cell apoptosis of OVCAR8 cell exposed to 10 mg/L rhMIS was (31.3±2.1)%,and OVCAR8 cells in the G_1 phase were increased by (70.4±3.0)%. Compared to SKOV3 cells the differences were significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Recombinant human Mullerian inhibiting substance suppresses the growth of MISIIR-positive ovarian cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. We predict that rhMIS might be a new target to treat human ovarian malignancies.

: The recovery of spinal cord injury(SCI) is a difficult problem in neuroscience research field, one of the reasons is that the ability of injured spinal cord regeneration is limited. Recent years many experiments prove that neurotrophin-3 is very important in SCI regeneration recovery, the gene transplantation is effective. This article makes a summary of SCI treatment research advancement.

Clinical studies show that melatonin has a unique biochemical characteristics. This article reviewed the specific role of melatonin in the region, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, calcium antagonistic effect of melatonin treatment of the aspects of the effectiveness of spinal cord injury, and medication for a brief description.

Objective To evaluate the influence of two different education approaches on diabetic knowledge of type Ⅱ diabetes.Methods 79 type Ⅱ diabetes cases were collected from March 2010 to May 2010,and divided into experimental group and control group according to admission time.Experimental group was those in the first-half,and received figure dialogue education.Control group was those in the last-half,and received traditional heath education.Diabetes knowledge assessment questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge level before and after education.Results Knowledge level was higher after education than that before education in both groups.No differences was found between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).All subjects in experimental group thought figure education could improve the study interesting,68.3％ subjects thought mastering knowledge about diabetes was useful,and 80.0％ subjects expect discussion by group.However,74.4％ subjects in control group thought traditional education could improve the study interesting,15.4％ subjects thought mastering knowledge about diabetes was useful,and 46.2％ subjects expect discussion by group.Conclusions Compare with traditional education,figure education although could not increase the knowledge level about diabetes significantly,but could highly increase the interesting of study.

Traditional Chinese medicine Polygoni Multiflori Radix is dried roots of Polygonaceae Polygortum multiflorum Thunb. Its clinical application records were first discovered in literatures of the Tang dynasty. The origins, efficacy, toxicity, processing and taboos of Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been discussed in many ancient herb literatures. In recent years, with the increase in the public awareness in health, Polygoni Multiflori Radix admits preparations have been more widely applied in the treatment and prevention of diseases. However, there have been more and more reports about Polygoni Multiflori Radix induced liver injury, the safety of Polygoni Multiflori Radix has increasingly attracted attention of the society. In this paper, the authors summarized and analyzed the toxicity and medication risk factors of Polygoni Multiflori Radix recorded in ancient herb literatures, and proposed that more attention shall be given to the effect of the planting and processing methods on the components and toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix in safety studies, which provides clues for the further studies.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Polygonum ; adverse effects ; Risk Assessment

The renal toxicity and mutagenicity of aristolochic acid (AA) as well as its carcinogenicity on upper urinary tract transitional epithelial cells have been widely known. Since 2003, drug regulatory departments have successively cancelled the quality standards for AA-containing medicines such as Aristolochiae Radix, Aristolochiae Manshuriensis Caulis and Aristolchiae Fangchi Radix, and adopted measures for strengthening regulation and revising package insert or quality standards for other AA-containing medicines, including Aristolochia Cinnabarina Radix, Aristolochiae Fructus, Aristolochiae Mollissimae Herba, in order to control its safety risk. In recent years, domestic and foreign studies on AA have mainly involved action mechanism and clinical performance of AA toxicity, early-stage diagnosis and treatment method. In this paper, authors gave a brief summary and evaluation on risk factors for using AA-containing medicines, and offered measures and suggestions for preventing and controlling AA toxicity.
Animals ; Aristolochia ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Aristolochic Acids ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; toxicity ; Drug Therapy ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; toxicity ; Humans

This study investigated the reversal effect of isotetrandrine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Caulis mahoniae, on P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in human breast cancer doxorubicin-resistant (MCF-7/DOX) cells. RT-PCR assay and immunity histochemistry assay were used to determine the expression level of mdrl gene and P-gp in MCF-7/DOX cells to elucidate resistant character of MCF-7/DOX cells. The activity of isotetrandine to enhance doxorubicin cytotoxicity was tested using MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyhthiazol)-2,5 -diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and was evaluated by the reversal fold (RF) values. Intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin was assessed by the determination of doxorubicin-associated fluorescence intensity. Effect of isotetrandrine on the expression level of P-gp in MCF-7/DOX cells was then determined by immunity histochemistry assay. The ability of isotetrandrine to inhibit P-gp function was evaluated by detecting the accumulation and efflux of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) with flow cytometry (FCM). Verapamil was employed as a comparative agent in whole experiment. The results indicated that MCF-7/DOX cells had phenotype of MDR and that the positive expression of P-gp was their resistant character. 10 microg x mL(-1) isotetrandrine could distinctly enhance cytotoxicity of DOX in MCF-7/DOX cells and reversal fold (RF) was significantly higher than that of verapamil (P < 0.05), but it hardly affected cytotoxicity of DOX in MCF-7 cells and the expression level of P-gp in MCF-7/DOX cells. The ability of isotetrandrine to inhibit P-gp function was reversible, because incubation of MCF-7/DOX cells with isotetrandrine caused a marked increase in uptake and a notable decrease in efflux of Rh123 and a marked increase of intracellular DOX concentrations. In conclusion, isotetrandrine exhibited potent effect on the reversal of P-gp-mediated MDR in vitro, suggesting that it might become a candidate of effective MDR reversing agent in cancer chemotherapy.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Benzylisoquinolines ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, MDR ; Humans ; Mahonia ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhodamine 123 ; metabolism