Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; drug effects ; Extinction, Psychological ; drug effects ; physiology ; Fear ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Mifepristone ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the epidemiologic rule of main diseases demonstrated by uneven pulse. Methods With the method of literature analysis, we summarized and analyzed the literatures of the uneven pulse published in recent 20 between the uneven pulse and the palpitation, thoracic stuffiness, hypodynamia, dizziness, and abdominal distension. Conclusion Uneven pulse demonstrates many diseases besides blood stasis syndrome, thus we should determine the disease combined with other clinical symptoms for consideration, but uneven pulse alone.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. We have previously identified the benzoyl sulfathiazole derivative II as a non-competitive PTP1B inhibitor with in vivo insulin sensitizing effects. Preliminary SAR study on this compound series has been carried out herein, and thirteen new compounds have been designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 10 exhibited potent inhibition against human recombinant PTP1B with the IC50 value of 3.97 micromol x L(-1), and is comparable to that of compound II.
Humans ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfathiazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology

From an ethanol extract of Euphorbia micractina roots, seven steroids fifteen aromatic derivatives were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including column chromatography over macroporous resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as stigamast-5-ene-3beta, 7alpha-diol(1), stigamast-5-ene-3beta,7beta-diol(2), stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol-7-one(3), stigmast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one(4), stigmast-1, 4-dien-3-one(5), stigmast-3,6-dione(6), beta-sitosterol(7), scopoletin(8), aesculetin(9), 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin(10), quercetin(11), 3,3', 4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid(12), p-hydroxyphenylethyl anisate(13), m-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol(14), (E)-cinnamic acid(15), (E)-ferulic acid(16), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(17), vanillic acid(18), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(19), ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (20), ethyl gallate(21), and methyl gallate(22). These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Steroids ; chemistry

Twelve compounds were isolated from the venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans. On the basis of their physical and chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as resibufagenin (1), bufotalin (2), desacetylcinobufagin (3), 19-oxodesacetylcinobufotalin (4), cinobufotalin (5), 1beta-hydroxylbufalin (6), 12alpha-hydroxybufalin (7), bufotalinin (8), Hellebrigenin (9), telocinobufagin (10), hellebrigenol (11) and cinobufagin-3-hemisuberate methyl ester (12), respectively. Compounds 7 and 12 are new natural products.
Animals ; Bufanolides ; chemistry ; Bufo bufo ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Structure ; Venoms ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with bipolar disorder.Methods:Fifty adolescents aged 12 -18 years,fulfilled the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Tenth Revision(ICD-10)criteria for bipolar disorder(29 in depressive state, 19 in manic state,and 2 in mixed state)and 100 healthy-matched controls were recruited.Their health-related risky behaviors were assessed using the Questionnaire for Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI) and the Questionnaire for Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory for Parent (AHRBI-P).Results:The bipolar group had higher AHRBI scores in the total scale and six subscales than controls,including Aggression and Violence (AV),Health-Compromising Behavior (HCB),Rule Breaking (RB),Unprotected Sex (US),Self-injury and Suicide (SS),and Smoking and Drinking(SD)[Total scores,55.5(38,119)vs.46(38,65);P <0.05].Besides, the scores of 26 items of bipolar group were all higher than controls(Ps <0.05).The scores in the total scale and six subscales had no difference between AHRBI and AHRBI-P.According to the partial correlation analysis (de-pressive state =0;manic state =1),the AHRBI and AHRBI-P scores of Self-injury and Suicide subscale were nega-tively associated with the episode state (r =-0.32,-0.33;Ps <0.05).The AHRBI scores of'destroy properties'which belongs to the Aggression and Violence subscale were positively associated with the episode state (r =0.32, P <0.05).Conclusion:The adolescents with bipolar disorder have more health-related risky behaviors than the healthy adolescents.The depressive patients have higher risk of suicide.While,the risky behavior of destroying properties tend to occur among the manic patients.

Objective To create transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (Trpv6) gene knockout mouse model, so as to pave a way for further research of its biological function and its role in bone metabolism in vivo. Methods Mouse genomic DNA sequence of Trpv6 gene was obtained from Ensembl database. Trpv6 gene knockout vector (pBR322-MK-Trpv6) was constructed. Trpv6 knockout vector was transferred into the embryonic stem (ES) cells by electroporation and screening of both G418 and Ganciclovoir resistant clones were performed routinely. The homologous recombined ES cell clones were identified by PCR. The correct homologously recombined ES cells were microinjected into C57BL/6J mouse blastocysts to obtain chimera mouse. Male mice with a chimera rate of 50% were mated with C57BL/6J female mice; the offsprings with gray fur were obtained, which were identified as heterozygote mice by PCR. Heterozygote mice were intercrossed to generate homozygote mice. Results Targeting vector PBR322-MK-Trpv6 were successfully constructed. A total of 24 correct homologously recombined clones were gained after electroporation. The efficiency of homologous recombination was 25%. Four male mice with a chimera rate of more than 50% were acquired after homologously recombined clones through microinjection. After the chimera mice were mated with C57BL/6J mice,57 grey-fur mice originated from ES cell were gained, including 17 (29. 8%) with heterozygous genotype. Heterozygote mice were intercrossed to generate homozygote mice. Western blotting analysisshowed no Trpv6 protein expression in homozygote mice. Conclusion We have successfully established Trpv6 gene knockout mouse model, and there is no embryonic lethality in homologous mutant mice.

Objective To investigate the infection following the lymphocytes deleted agent (ATG) and IL-2 receptor antagonists (Basilixinab and Daclizumab)-based induction therapy after renal trausplantation.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 701 kidney transplant recipients between Jan. 1,2005 to Dec.31,2010.According to exclusive and inclusive criteria,finally 549 patients were evaluated,including 429 patients treated with ATG (ATG group) and 120 patients with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies (monoclonal antibodies group; 86 patients with Basiliximab,and 34 patients with Daclizumab).The incidence of acute rejection,infection rate,infection time,hospital stay,severe infection rate and mortality were analyzed.After operation,the patients received an immunosuppression therapy including Tacrolimus (cyclosporine A),Mycophenolate-Mofetil and prednisone to present rejection. Part of the patients were treated with ganciclovir and sulfamethoxazole sulfadiazine and trimethoprim for infection prevention.Results The acute rejection rate in ATG group and monoclonal antibodies group was 15.9％ (68/429) and 10.0％ (12/120),and there was no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).The infection rate in ATG group was 11.9％ (51/429),including 13.7％ (7/51) with severe infection,and mortality was 7.8％(4/51).The infection rate was 15.0％ (18/120) in monoclonal antibodies group,including 11.1％ (2/18) with severe infection,and mortality was 5.6％ (1/18).There was no statistically significnat difference in infection rate,severe infection rate and mortality between two groups (P＞0.05).The hospital stay in ATG group and monoclonal antibodies group was 25.8 days and 19.1 days respectively (P＜0.05).Dead cases had not received regular anti-infection treatment,and the patients age was over 50 years.Conclusion The infection risk and mortality between these two induction therapies are identical,but hn comparison to the patients using ATG,the infection of patients using anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies is easier to control.Anti-infection prophylaxis is important to reduce infection rate and decrease infectious mortality.

objective To evaluate the influence of HLA matching and new immunosuppressants on pre-venting acute rejection of renal allograft in sensitized recipients. Methods 751 recipients underwent renal transplantation were enrolled in this study including 46 sensitized recipients (study group) with PRA be-tween 10%-90% and 705 non-sensitized recipients (control group) with PRA less than 10% pretransplant. All patients in the study group received induction course (ATG 100 mg/d, 5-7 d) plus triple-immunosup-pressive therapy including FK506 + MMF + steroid. The rate of acute rejection and delayed graft function after renal transplantation was analyzed. The influence of HLA matching on preventing acute rejection was al-so evaluated. Results The acute rejection rate in the study group and control group was 30.43% and 19. 57%, respectively, (P < 0.05). The rate of delayed graft function was 60.86% in the study group, signifi-cantly higher than that of the control group (11.87%). There was no statistically difference of one-year pa-tient / graft survival rotes between the two groups. The average serum creatinin levels at one-year posttrans-plantation were similar between the two groups (130 mmol/dl in the study group and 125 mmol/di in the control group). The average loci of HLA matching in the study group (4.2) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.8). The acute rejection rate in the study group was significantly higher when lo-ci of HLA mismatch ranging from 2-4 compared with loci of HLA mismatch less than 2. The acute rejection rate was significantly higher in the highly sensitized recipients (PRA ranging from 50% -90% pretmnsplant) than that in the less sensitized (PRA ranging from 10% to 20% pretransplant) in the study group. Patients with higher PRA level posttransplantation were prone to developing acute rejection. Conclusion HLA matching and new immunosuppressants can reduce the incidence of acute rejection in sensitized recipi-ents and increase the survival rate of patients and allografts.

Objective To investigate the incidence of infection and the effect of anti-infection prophylaxis in renal transplanted patients after Basiliximab induction therapy. Methods A total of 204patients who have received renal transplantation and Basiliximab induction therapy from January 1,2001 to December 31, 2010 in our hospital have been retrospective analysed in this study. These patients were divided into a prophylaxis group (118 cases) with Ganciclovir + Sulfadiazine +Trimethoprim therapy and a control group (86 cases) without any anti-infection prophylaxis.Furthermore, 440 transplanted patients in the same peroid without any induction therapy were also analysed. They were also devided into two groups: an anti-infection prophylaxis group (206 cases)and a control group (234 cases) without any anti-infection prophylaxis. Results In the prophylaxis group with Basiliximab induction therapy, there were 23 patients (19. 5 %, 23/118)experienced hospitalization due to infection, 3 cases (13. 0 %,3/23) among them were severe infection, and 3patients (13.0 %, 3/23) died from vital infection. In the non-prophylaxis control group with Basiliximab induction therapy, 27 patients (31.4 %, 27/86) had infection complication, 7 patients (25.9 % ,7/27) among them were severe infection, and 4 patients(14. 8 % ,4/27)died. The incidence of infection between the above two groups is significantly different (P＜0. 05). In the prophylaxis group without induction therapy, the incidence of infection was 15.0 % (31/206), there were no severe infection cases but 7 patients (22. 6 %, 7/31) died from infection. In the non-prophylaxis control group without induction therapy, the incidence of infection was 12. 8 % (30/234), 3 cases among them were severe infection(10. 0 %,3/30)and 5 patients died from infection (16. 7 %, 5/30).The incidence of infection in Basiliximab induced patients without anti-infection prophylaxis is significantly higher than that in patients without induction therapy and anti-infection prophylaxis (31.4 % vs. 12.8 %,P＜0.01). Conclusion Basiliximab induction therapy increased the risk of infection, but not the rate of mortality. It is necessary to give anti-infection prophylaxis in renal transplanted patients with Basiliximab induction therapy.