An evaluation scale of medical services quality was developed on the basis of "patients' experience". The questionnaires were developed by, among others, searching relevant literature, collecting well-established assessment scales, measuring patients' experience and satisfaction, brain-storming, literature analysis. Delphi method was adopted for expert consultation. Scale items were screened and revised. The key indexes were converted. Field surveys were conducted for testing the reliability and validity of the scale. Our modified evaluation scale for measuring medical services quality based on "patients' experience" included 6 dimensions (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and continuity), and 50 items. The novel scale based on "patients' experience" may better serve the purpose of assessing medical services quality.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for benign sustainable development of traditional Chinese and ethnic medicine enterprises in Guizhou. METHODS:Taking 129 traditional Chinese and ethnic medicine enterprises of 9 city and prefecture in Gui-zhou as survey object,questionnaires survey was conducted in 55 enterprises by stratified sampling according to location. The data statistical analysis was carried out in respects of related policies familiarity,product positioning,independent innovation from 2009 to 2013. Relevant development countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:45.1% of enterprises ex-pressed to know and be familiar with relevant policies,51.0% expressed to alert but only understand,and 3.9% said largely un-known. At the past five years,the annual output value and sales revenue of enterprises had risen year by year. Almost 80% produc-tion and technical personnel of enterprises had the junior title or no title;marketing department staff mainly had college and second-ary school degree,accounting for 47.5% and 25.3% respectively;research personnel mainly had bachelor and college degree,ac-counting for 57.0% and 33.7% respectively. At the past five years,independent innovation input took up 2.4% of sales revenue av-eragely. There are problems,such as small and medium enterprises occupying dominate position;enterprises lacking of sufficient understanding on related policies;strategies being adjusted slowly;independent innovation input intensity needing to increase. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as strengthening the relevant policy advocacy,guiding corporate mergers and acquisitions,closely paying attention to industry development,changing innovation ideas,and attaching importance to research of exclusive production of essential medicine.

Objective To explore the relationship between the apoptosis of cerebellar granule cell and the changes of caspases-3 and Bcl-2 in rats with methylmercury intoxication.Methods We chronologically observed the pathological changes of cerebellum in rats given methylmercury[4 mg/(kg?d)] at day 11, 15, 18 and 19. The apoptosis of cerebellar granule cell was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) method, and the relationship between the apoptosis and the expression of caspases-3 and Bcl-2 was evaluated.Results At day 18, some sparse TUNEL positive granular cells could be observed, mainly in deep lamina adjacent to the white matter. At day 19, the apoptotic cells markedly increased, while the number of granular cells decreased with a well preservation of Purkinje cells demonstrated by calvindine immunostaining. MRF-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) dyeing demonstrated severe microglia reaction and astrocytosis. From day 11, caspasese-3 mRNA expression up-regulated, increased gradually and reached peak at day 18, then decreased markedly at day 19. In contrast, Bcl-2 mRNA expression down-regulated from day 11, and decreased obviously at day 19. Zic-1 as a marker of granule cell decreased gradually after methylmercury administration and indicated degeneration of granule cells.Conclusion Cerebellar granular cell degeneration induced by methylmercury is related to apoptosis mediated by caspases-3 and Bcl-2 down regulated.

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services

Humans ; Nephritis ; etiology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications ; therapy ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; etiology ; therapy

Furbenicillin is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin with strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Furbenicillin sodium is determined by volumetric method in current criteria. However, the criteria does not contain an assay of related substances of furbenicillin sodium. In this study, we established a method for detection and analysis of furbenicillin sodium and its related substances by HPLC. The analysis was performed with a C18 column under a gradient elution, the detection wavelength was 225 nm, and the column temperature was 35 degrees C. The reliability and accuracy of established method was validated in this study. Pure samples of furbenicillin sodium and its related substances were prepared. The structures, biological activities, and chromatographic retention behaviors of furbenicillin sodium and its related substances were identified using NMR, CLSI agar dilution method, and HPLC. All results in the current study provide ample evidence that this method is able to determine the reasonable limits in the quality-control protocol for furbenicillin sodium.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Penicillins ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

Advance on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Stellera plants have been conducted. The chemical constituents include terpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, volatile oils, and other compounds. Pharmacological studies showed that diterpenoids and biflavones showed strong activities, such as antitumor, anti-HIV, and immune regulations. This review hopes to provide a scientific basis for further research and explorations of the medicinal values of the genus.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry ; classification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological characteristics and patterns of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis wounds in order to provide reliable data for further clinical research.

METHODSRecords of patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis wounds hospitalized from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, nationality, family background, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, primary lesion, and history of injury.

RESULTSTuberculosis wounds were found in 235 patients among 5 863 patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for 4.0%. Among the patients with tuberculosis wounds, there were 139 male and 96 female, and the ratio of male to female was 1.4: 1.0. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 87 (37 +/- 18) years old, and the highest incidence occurred in patients older than 15 and younger than or equal to 30 years old (100 cases, accounting for 42.6%). Most patients with tuberculosis wounds were Han, and only 11 patients were minorities, accounting for 4.7%. Tuberculosis wounds were more prevalent in rural areas (163 cases, accounting for 69.4%), with a smaller number in urban areas (72 cases, accounting for 30.6%). The BCG vaccination rate was 13.6%. The main primary lesions were lymph node infection (112 cases, accounting for 47.7%), among which involvement of cervical lymph nodes accounted for the highest ratio ( 99 cases, accounting for 88.4%). Twenty-one patients had the traffic accident etc. injury history recently, among which 19 were male and 2 were female.

CONCLUSIONSTuberculosis wound, with certain incidence, was more frequently found among young adults from rural areas. The BCG vaccination rate was low among the patients and the main primary lesion was tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Population ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; Urban Population ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Aim To obtain high pure hPPAR?1LBD fusion protein.Methods A cDNA encoding ligand binding domain(LBD)of PPAR?1 was amplified by RT-PCR from human fatty tissue and the product was inserted into the downstream of the malE gene in the vector pMAL-p2X,which encoded maltose-binding protein(MBP).The recombinant plasmid containing MBP-PPAR?1 gene was transformed into E.coli.TB1 and the expression conditions of the recombinant strain were optimized.Results The DNA strap of MW(909 bp) was presented after re-combinant plasmid was digested by Hind Ⅲ and BamH Ⅰ.The high efficient expression of MBP-PPAR?1 fusion protein in TB1 cells was observed with 38.54% product of the total cytoplasm proteins when 0.4 mmol?L-1 IPTG and 6 h incubation were taken at 30℃.Conclusion The recombinant vector was successfully constructed.It could high efficiently express hPPAR?1LBD fusion protein in TB1 cells and obtain the hPPAR?1LBD fusion protein with high bioactivity.

AIM: To compare the contents of calycosin and fermononetin between Radix Astragali and its fried product with honey. METHODS: The chromatographic column was a Waters SunfireTM C18 column(250 mm ? 4. 6 mm,5 ?m). The mobile phase was the mixture of methanol and water with a linear gradient elution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The ultraviolet wavelength was set up 254 nm,and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. RESULTS: The contents of calycosin and fermononetin in Radix Astragali were 0. 247 9 mg/g and 0. 125 2 mg/g respectively,the contents of calycosin and fermononetin in Radix Astragali fried with honey were 0. 225 6 mg/g and 0. 108 2 mg/g,respectively. CONCLUSION: The contents of calycosin and fermononetin in Radix Astragali fried with honey decreased.