Objective To investigate clinical curative effect of partial foraminotomy after C4.5 ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) on preventing C5 nerve root palsy.Methods A total of 155 patients with OPLL were treated with expansion open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) between January 2008 and October 2012,including 75 male patients and 80 female patients,with average age of 54.5 (ranging from 38 to 75).Among them,90 cases took EOLP (open team),and 65 cases took EOLP and C4.5 partial foraminotomy (incision team).Clinical curative effect and imaging evaluation were used in 8 weeks and 12 months after operation.JOA scores,JOA scores improvement rate,C5 nerve root palsy occurrence rate,neurological function of patients with C5 nerve root palsy and the prognosis,cervical curvature index,opening angular variation,backward drift distance of anterior margin and posterior margin of the spinal cord were evaluated after 8 weeks and 1 year after the surgery.Results The operation time was 90-140 min,with the average time of 110±14 min;mean bleeding volume was 160±45 ml (ranging from 100 to 250 ml);follow-up visit time was 15.4 months on average (ranging from 12 to 18 months).JOA score and improvement rate after 8 weeks and 1 year of the operation have no statistical significance.The C5 nerve root palsy occurrence rate in open team was 8.89％ (8/90),while that in incision team was 4.62％ (3/65).The difference of two groups has statistical significance.C5 nerve root palsy all happened in laminar opening side.Comparison of cervical curvature index of two groups before the operation and after 8 weeks of the operation and inter-group comparison have no statistical significance.The difference between laminar opening angle after 1 year of the operation and laminar opening angle after 8 weeks has no statistical significance.The difference of backward drift distance of anterior margin of the spinal cord at different time after the operation and inter-group difference have no statistical significance.The difference in backward drift distance of posterior margin of the spinal cord between 1 year after the operation and 8 weeks after the operation has no statistical significance.Conclusion Treating OPLL with EOLP and C4.5 partial foraminotomy can reduce occurrence rate of C5 nerve root palsy,but has no significant influence on JOA score improvement rate.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of bronchial arterial infusion with VDS＋ DDP or MMIC＋ ADM＋ DDP in patients with locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods: From June 1992 to October 1998,102 patients with locally advanced NSCLC were enrolled in this study. Of them,8 cases in Stage Ⅱ , 72 cases in Stage Ⅲ a, 22 cases in Stage Ⅲ b, central type: 75 cases,peripheral type:27 cases;preliminary group 64 cases, secondary group 38cases. The patients were treated one to four times by bronchial arterial infusion of the chemical drugs Results: There were 3 complete responses and 66 partial responses for an overall responses rate of 67.65％ (69/102) including responses rate of 72.00％ (54/75) in central type and 55.56％ (15/27), the 1-year and 2-years survival rate was 67.64％ (69/102)and 36.28％ (37/102) respectively. Conclusions: The therapeutic efficacy of bronchial arterial infusion with chemical drugs was excellent to locally advanced non small cell lung cancer, it′ s toxicity were acceptable. The efficacy on central was much better than for peripheral type

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of niflumic acid (NFA), a chloride channel blocker, on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line (HHCC). Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell count and MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. [Ca(2+)](i) was determined by laser scanning confocal system. It was found that NFA decreased significantly the cell number and the MTT optical density (OD) of HHCC cells, and that the OD value was reversed after washout of NFA. Compared with control, NFA blocked cell cycle progression in G(1) phase. Extracellular application of NFA (100 micromol/L) induced a rapid decrease in [Ca(2+)](i). These findings demonstrate that blockage of chloride channels by NFA induces growth arrest of HHCC in G(1) phase, which may be due to the inhibition of Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent signaling pathways.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Calmodulin ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chloride Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Niflumic Acid ; pharmacology

To investigate the role of activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the activity and protein expression of NF-kappaB p65 in rat brain tissues, which were extracted from EAE rats at 1, 7, 14 and 21 d respectively after EAE was induced by CFA-GPSCH, were measured with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between activated NF-kappaB and symptoms of EAE was also investigated. The results showed that protein expression level and the activity of NF-kappaB were very low in the brain of the control group. After EAE was induced, the activity of NF-kappaB and the level of the protein expression in the brains increased gradually with the development of symptoms and brain pathology of EAE. On d 14, both the activity and the level of protein expression in the brains reached a peak, the positive cells of NF-kappaB were mainly located at the choroid plexuses and subfornical organ, as well as around the regions of sleeve-like lesion foci, which were coincident with the locations of lesions of EAE. The incidence, symptoms, reduction of the body weight and pathology of EAE rats brains at the above locations were most significant. On d 21 the activity of NF-kappaB and level of the protein expression reduced gradually, which was in parallel with a gradual alleviation of the symptoms of EAE rats. After a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB, PDTC was applied, the symptoms and pathological lesions of EAE rat brain were mitigated markedly. The above results indicate that the dynamic changes in the activity and protein expression of NF-kappaB were in parallel with the changes in symptoms and pathological lesion of EAE rat brains. In conclusion, the activated NF-kappaB in the brain may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of EAE, and application of some inhibitors of NF-kappaB, such as PDTC, may be one of the effective therapeutic methods for prevention and treatment of EAE.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; metabolism ; Female ; Pyrrolidines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thiocarbamates ; pharmacology ; Transcription Factor RelA ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of enteral administration of carbachol on the intestinal dysfunction of both severely burn patients and rabbits with partial intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

METHODSSeventy-five white rabbits were inflicted with I/R injury and randomized into intestinal I/R (I, n=25), carbachol [C, n=25, with 3g/L carbachol (3 mg/kg) injection into duodenum 1 h after SMA occlusion] and sham operation (SO, n=25, with SMA isolation but no occlusion) groups, and 5 other as normal controls. The blood flow of intestinal mucosa was detected before and after SMA occlusion or admission of carbachol. Changes in diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate, xylopyranose absorption, blue dextran discharging time were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, 72 h after SMA occlusion. In addition, eight severe burn patients with TBSA of 84 +/- 12% were enrolled in the study, and carbachol (15 microg/kg) was administered to patients when abdominal distension or bowel sound was lower than 2 times/min, then the number of abdominal distension and bowel sounds per minute were observed.

RESULTSThe blood flow in intestinal mucosa of rabbits without SMA occlusion was (102 +/- 5) PU, reduced to (48 +/- 6) PU after SMA occlusion, and increased to (77 +/- 3) PU after injection of carbachol. The plasma DAO activity and D-lactic acid content in I group began to increase 4 hours after SMA occlusion, and they reached the peak 24 hours after SMA occlusion (4.63 +/- 0.27 U/ml, 7.9 +/- 2.4 mg/L) , after that they decreased gradually, but still higher than the normal value (0.89 +/- 0.14 U/ml, 2.0 +/- 1.1 mg/L, P < 0.05). In carbachol group, data showed the same trends as that in intestine I/R group with lower values, while no obvious changes were in sham operation group (P > 0.05). The content of D-lactic decreased dramatically 2 hours after D-lactic administration in both I and C groups, increased 6 hours after SMA occlusion, then decreased gradually, but it in C group was always higher than normal values, and little fluctuation was in sham operation group. There was no blue dextran discharge 2 hours after SMA occlusion. The discharging distance increased 6 hours later, but it was obviously shorter than the normal value 24 hrs after operation (P < 0.05) , then it returned to normal 48 to 72 hrs after operation. In the C group, blue dextran discharge was found immediately after its injection, with obvious increase in the discharging distance to peak value (43 +/- 6 cm) 6 hours after injury, and returning to normal (28 +/- 3 cm) gradually. In severe burned patients, the bowel sounds was (1.6 +/- 1.1) per minutes before carbachol administration, then increased dramatically to (6.9 +/- 1.7) per minutes 10 mins after administration, reached to a higher level 30 minutes after administration (8.3 +/- 2.4 ) times/min, and it maintained to (6.1 +/- 1.3) times/min 1 hour after administration. Abdominal distension was ameliorated 2 hours after carbachol administration, six patients were able to defecate.

CONCLUSIONEnteral administration of Carbachol can increase the blood flow of intestine mucosa, help to improve the movement, absorption and barrier functions of intestine, and ameliorate intestinal dysfunction in patients with severe burns.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Burns ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Carbachol ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Intestines ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of methylene blue combined with aprotinin on intraperitoneal adhesion.

METHODSFrom May 2000 to February 2004, there were 83 patients receiving total or partial colectomy and temporary ileostomy or colostomy, and second anastomosis was performed within 8-12 weeks after the first operation. These patients were divided into four groups and followed by intraperitoneal administration of saline,methylene blue,aprotinin,combined methylene blue and aprotinin respectively during the second operation, then adhesion formation was quantitatively graded.

RESULTSThe adhesion rate was 15% in combination group, 83% in saline group, 40% in methylene blue group, and 45% in aprotinin group, respectively. The adhesion rate was significantly lower in combination group(P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMethylene blue and aprotinin can decrease the incidence of intraperitoneal adhesion significantly. The combination of these two drugs has significant effectiveness in the treatment of intraperitoneal adhesion.

Aprotinin ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; therapeutic use ; Peritoneal Diseases ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Tissue Adhesions ; prevention & control

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of wt1 gene and the changes of gene expression in minimal residual disease (MRD) models (K562, HL-60 cell lines) and acute leukemia (AL) patients through inhibiting the expression of wt1 gene by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). The bone marrow (BM) of 56 AL patients with complete remission (CR) was collected, then the BM samples with positive expression of wt1 gene were screened by RT-PCR. The cells of MRD model and screened wt1 gene positive samples were cultured and treated by ASO, then the changes of wt1 gene expression were detected. The results indicated that the sensitivity of wt1 gene was 10(-3)-10(-4), and the positive rate of BM wt1 gene expression in 56 AL patients with CR was 16%. After BM of 9 AL CR patients with MRD and MRD model (K562, HL-60 cells) expressing wt1 gene were treated by ASO, it was found that the wt1 expression in ASO group was blocked, while wt1 gene could be still detected in both sense oligonucleotides (SO) and control groups. It is concluded that ASO can obstruct the expression of wt1 gene on the residual leukemia cells in vitro.
Gene Expression ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Neoplasm, Residual ; genetics ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; WT1 Proteins ; genetics

Objective Although principal components analysis profiles greatly facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the multivariate data,the quantitative concepts in both scores plot and loading plot are rather obscure.This article introduced three profiles that assisted the better understanding of metabolomic data.Methods The discriminatory profile,heat map,and statistic profile were developed to visualize the multivariate data obtained from high-throughput GC-TOF-MS analysis.Results The discriminatory profile and heat map obviously showed the discriminatory metabolites between the two groups,while the statistic profile showed the potential markers of statistic significance.Conclusion The three types of profiles greatly facilitate our understanding of the metabolomic data and the identification of the potential markers.

AIM:To observe the effect of Yiqi Huayu Huatan decoction(YHHD)on unilaterral ureteral ob-struction(UUO)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats, and to investigate the possible mechanism.METHODS: Fe-male SD rats(n=48)were randomly divided into sham group, model group, telmisartan group, and low-, middle-and high-dose YHHD groups,with 8 rats in each group.The UUO model rats was established by ligating left ureter.The rats in sham group and model group were treated with equal volume of normal saline, others were treated with the corresponding drugs daily.After 12 weeks,the rats were sacrificed.The serum samples were collected for determining the concentrations of cystatin C(Cys-C)and uric acid(UA).The morphological changes of the renal tissue were observed by PAS staining. The collagen fiber was observed by Masson staining.The mRNA expression of Krüppel-like factor 15(KLF15),high-mo-bility group box protein 1(HMGB1),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),IκB,monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),inter-leukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),fibronectin(FN),collagen type I(Col I)and Col-Ⅳwas detec-ted by real-time PCR.The protein expression of KLF15, HMGB1 and NF-κB was detected by Western blot.The protein expression of MCP-1 was determined by the method of immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Compared with sham group,the deposition rate of collagen fibers and the concentration of Cys-C in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of KLF15 was significantly down-regulated(P<0.05), while the mRNA expression of HMGB1,NF-κB,IκB,MCP-1,IL-1β,TNF-α,FN,Col I and Col Ⅳand the protein expression of HMGB1,NF-κB and MCP-1 were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the deposition rates of collagen fibers in middle-and high-dose YHHD groups and telmisartan group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),with down-regulated protein expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB and mRNA expression of IL-1βand TNF-α(P<0.05).The protein expression of KLF15 was significantly up-regulated in high-dose YHHD group and telmisartan group(P<0.05),while the protein ex-pression of MCP-1 and the mRNA expression of FN were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05).The mRNA expression of KLF15 was significantly up-regulated in high-dose YHHD group(P<0.05), while the mRNA expression of MCP-1, Col I and Col IV was significantly down-regulated(P<0.05).The mRNA expression of NF-κB and IκB was significantly down-regulated and the concentration of Cys-C was significantly decreased in each dose of YHHD groups and telmisartan group(P<0.05).No significant difference of UA level among the groups was observed.CONCLUSION:YHHD allevi-ates renal interstitial fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner, and YHHD at high dose shows the most obvious effect.The mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of KLF15 and the down-regulation of HMGB1, NF-κB and its down-stream inflammation-related factors in the renal tissue.

Objective To summarize the value of clinical features, CSF, imaging and EEG in diagnosing viral encephalitis accompanying generalized tonic clonic seizure( GTCS) . Methods The clinical, imaging and EEG characteristic of 30 patients with viral encephalitis accompanying GTCS were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 30 cases with viral encephalitis,21 cases GTCS attacked(70% ) within 14 days,9 cases had GTCS (30% ) in 15-28 days.27 cases CSF were abnormal with the pressure,cell number,protein. The incidence of positive pathogenicity was 12/16; 19 cases MRI had abnormal signal. All the patients had abnormal EEG during the disease. Conclusion The clinical features, CSF, imaging and EEG were all important in diagnosing and estimate of viral encephalitis accompanying GTCS.