Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; CD4 Antigens ; metabolism ; Fever ; drug therapy ; virology ; Herpesvirus 6, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphadenitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Roseolovirus Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; virology

Objective To optimize process of hydrolyzed oleanolic acid from Aralia elata medicinal alcohol extract. Methods Plackett-Burman combined with CCD response surface design method (method 1) and orthogonal experimental design method (method 2) were used to optimize process of hydrolyzed oleanolic acid from Aralia elata medicinal alcohol extract. In method 1, the content of oleanolic acid was the dependent variable, and the hydrolysis time, the hydrochloric acid concentration, and the ratio of material to liquid were set as the independent variables; In method 2, the content of oleanolic acid was the dependent variable, and the hydrolysis time, hydrolysis temperature, the hydrochloric acid concentration, and the ratio of material to liquid were set as the independent variables. Design expert 8.0.6 Trial software was used to analyze the data. Results Considering the actual production situation, method 1 determined the optimum process was to add 15–18 times the amount of 10% to 12% hydrochloric acid, reflux hydrolysis 45–70 min; method 2 determined the optimum process was 15 times the amount of 10% hydrochloric acid, reflux hydrolysis 60 min. Conclusion By comparing method 1 and method 2, the optimum process was selected, and the difference of the content of oleanolic acid is not great. However, the former is more intuitive and convenient, with high precision repeatability, and predictability.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride injection for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing the operation under general anesthesia in a prospective,randomized,blind,multicenter,positive-controlled,clinical trial.Methods Two hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 40-95 kg,scheduled for elective abdominal operation or orthopedic surgeries under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =120 each):morphine sulfate injection group (group M) and oxycodone hydrochloride injection group (group O).Morphine or oxycodone 1 mg was injected intravenously when the patients complained of pain after tracheal extubation or removal of the laryngeal mask,and administration was repeated if necessary until VAS≤40 mm.Then patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) (100 ml,0.5 mg/ml) with morphine or oxycodone was used for postoperative analgesia (lasting for 48 h).The PCIA pump was set up with a 1 ml bolus dose,a 5 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg/h.Pain at rest and during movement was assessed using VAS score at 3,24 and 48 h after administration,and non-inferiority test was performed.Total morphine or oxycodone consumption,requirement for rescue analgesic,the number of unsuccessfully delivered dose,the number of attempts,and the level of patient' s satisfaction were recorded within 48 h after operation.The adverse events were recorded and laboratory examinations (blood and urine routine test,blood biochemical examination) were performed within 72 h after administration.Results There was no significant difference in the VAS scores at rest and during movement at different time points,requirement for rescue analgesic,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses and attempts,level of patient' s satisfaction,total morphine or oxycodone consumption,and adverse events between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).No serious adverse event occurred in the two groups.The most common adverse event was nausea,followed by vomiting.There was no significant difference in the incidences and degree of nausea and vomiting between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The incidences of nausea and vomiting in patients underwent orthopedic surgeries were significantly lower in group O than in group M (P ＜ 0.05).The other adverse events were fewer and abnormal laboratory examinations were rare in the two groups.95％ confidence interval of the difference between the mean VAS scores at rest and during movement at each time point was within 15 mm (boundary values of non-inferiority testing) in the two groups.Conclusion PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is safe and effective in reducing pain after moderate or major operation,and the analgesic efficacy is similar to that of morphine sulfate injection,however,the development of nausea and vomiting is reduced when PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is used for orthopedic surgeries as compared with that when morphine sulfate injection is used and the ratio between the analgesic efficacy of the two drugs is close to 1∶1.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanisms of LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liu Wei Di Huang Tang,on irradiation-induced reduction of mice adult hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n=10): control group, LW-AFC group (1.6 g·kg-1), Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (LW) group (10 g·kg-1), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) group, irradiation group, irradiation+LW group, and irradiation+LW-AFC group. Reduction of mice adult hippocampal neurogenesis was induced by cranial irradiation.LW-AFC was administered by oral gavage for 30 d after cranial irradiation treatment. Immunofluorescence and Nissl′s staining were performed for histological morphology assessment. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining was used in the detection of proliferation cells. The peripheral blood and hippocampal homogenate were collected to measure the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-4 and IL-10.The hippocampal homogenate was used for Western blot to detect the BDNF-TrkB signal pathway, including extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) and BDNF target protein. Morris water maze and new object recognition test were performed to examine the cognitive function of mice.The mice forced swimming and tail suspension test were used to assess alteration in depressive behavior. Long term potentiation was used to examine the synaptic plasticity change of mice. RESULTS Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was significantly reduced after irradiation of 20 Gray dose (10 Gray per day, total 2 d). LW-AFC treatment increased the BrdU number of irradiated mice (P<0.05). In Morris water maze test, LW-AFC group showed decreased escape latency in the learning period (P<0.05), while increased the number of crossing the platform in the memory period. LW-AFC can also reduce the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test (P<0.01). CONCLU-SION LW-AFC modulates adult neurogenesis to ameliorate cognitive impairment and reduce depres-sive behavior in radiation injury mice.

White-rot fungi is a kind of basidiomycetes making wood rotten. For their particular metabolism and extracellular degrading ability, they can degrade a lot of organic pollutants, and then become the hot point of international academic research. This paper reviews the recent research progress in many aspects,such as the sort and degradation mechanism of white rot fungus, advances in applied research for white rot fungi on industry and environmental pollution disposal and so on. In addition, some suggestions on the prospective application in the composting of municipal solid waste are presented in the end.

Objective To assess the feasibility of using PET molecular imaging to evaluate the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine FuZhiSan (FZS) on the model of aging Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. Methods Twenty aged AD rats (Sparague-Dawley rats,male) were randomly divided into FZS treated group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Another 10 healthy adult rats were as blank controls. Morris water maze record system was used for cognitive function assessment. Before and after FZS treatment 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 11 C-2- [4'-(methylamino) phenyl] benzothiazol-6-ol ( PIB )PET imaging was undertaken. After post-treatment imaging procedures the brain tissues of all animals were taken for histochemical study,such as staining with HE,congo red,amyloid β (Aβ) immunofluorescence,5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunofluorescence and NeuN immunofluorescence. Paired t-test was performed with SPSS 13.0 software for the data analysis. Results The cognitive dysfunction of aging AD rats was improved after FZS treatment. The escape latency in FZS treated group was significantly shorter than that of control group ((32.5 ±10.8) s vs (102.6±8.8) s,t =15.7987,P=0. 0001). Diffuse neuronal loss and Aβ deposition were detected in the hippocampus and cortex in the aged AD rats. The imaging data showed that brain glucose metabolism was amended in FZS treated group while the abatement of amyloid deposition was not significant. Immunofluorescence results indicated that the neuronal proliferation was more remarkable in FZS treated group. Conclusions It may be feasible to use PET imaging as a method to evaluate the therapeutic effect in AD rats. FZS may ameliorate memory dysfunction of aged AD rats. Its mechanism may be partly contributed to the enhancement of the neuronal proliferation and survival.

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) derived from spleen on the phenotype of regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) and HMGB1-mediated immune function in severely scalded rats after delayed resuscitation.

METHODSOne hundred and four Wistar rats were divided into normal control group (NC, n = 8), sham scald group (SS, n = 32), scald group (S, n = 32), and ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment group (EPT, n = 32) according to the random comparison table. Rats in the latter 2 groups were subjected to 30%TBSA full-thickness scald, which were intraperitoneally injected with Ringer solution or EP solution at post scald hour (PSH) 6 (delayed antishock treatment) and administered with 4 mL Ringer solution or EP solution per 12 hours after PSH 12 till PSH 48. Rats in SS group were treated the same as that of S group except for sham scald with 37 degrees C water. Injured rats were sacrificed at post scald day (PSD) 1, 3, 5, 7 (rats in NC group were also sacrificed), and CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg were isolated from spleen with magnetic-activated cell sorting method. The content of HMGB1 in spleen and IL-2 level in supernatant were determined with ELISA. The expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on Treg was determined with flow cytometry, and the proliferation activity of T lymphocytes was also detected (recorded as absorbance value). Data were processed with analysis of variance among groups and independent samples t test.

RESULTS(1) Compared with that of rats in SS group and EPT group, the expression of splenic HMGB1 in S group increased significantly on PSD 1 through PSD 7 [peaked on PSD 1: (46.7 +/- 8.3) ng/mg protein]. (2) Compared with that in SS group, the expression of CTLA-4 in S group was enhanced significantly on PSD 1 through PSD 5 (with t value respectively 10.459, 12.051, 4.029, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); while that in EPT group decreased significantly on PSD 1 through PSD 7 as compared with that from S group (with t value respectively 2.796, 9.913, 9.581, 10.022, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (3) Compared with that of rats in SS group, the proliferation activity of T lymphocytes in S group was markedly suppressed on PSD 1 through PSD 7 (nadir on PSD1: 0.167 +/- 0.059), and release of IL-2 was decreased significantly [nadir on PSD 5: (44 +/- 24) pg/mL]. T lymphocytes proliferation activity was restored and excretion of IL-2 increased in EPT group as compared respectively with that of S group at each time point.

CONCLUSIONSThe release of HMGB1 may stimulate splenic Treg to mature, thereby induce suppression of proliferation activity of T lymphocytes and immune function. EP can ameliorate immune dysfunction in animals with delayed resuscitation through inhibiting the synthesis and release of HMGB1.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Burns ; immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Proliferation ; HMGB1 Protein ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Male ; Pyruvates ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spleen ; cytology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; immunology

Objective To investigate the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β(IL-1β)on mineralization potential of dental pulp stem cells(DPSC). Methods Rat DPSC were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into three groups, IL-1β(10 μg/L),osteogenic inductive medium and non-osteogenic inductive medium. After 3, 7, and 12 days of treatment, the cultures were evaluated for cell proliferation and calcium deposit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the gene expression levels of osteocalcin(OC), bone sialoprotein(BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein(DSPP) and dentin matrix protein 1(DMP-1). In vivo test, after 3 day′s treatment with IL-1β, the cell-scaffold complexes were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 8 weeks. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate hard tissue formation. Results In vitro test, after 3-day′s treatment, IL-1β improved cell proliferation to 137.22 DNA μg/L and cell viability becomes(97.12±7.18)% of control. The gene expression levels of OC, BSP, DSPP and DMP-1 are(378.19±16.22)%,(427.12±18.22)%,(247.19±10.11)% and(198.29±10.23)% respectively. The results of IL-1β′s group was notable increased compared with non-osteogenic induction medium and the statistical differences are significant. IL-1β induced the odontogenic differentiation of DPSC. However, these effects tended to continuously decrease with treatment time. Histological analysis demonstrated that in the group treated with IL-1β hard tissue was markedly formed in vivo. Conclusions IL-1β may induce the mineralization of DPSC and play an important role in host defenses and tissue repair.

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; biosynthesis ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo compare the safety and efficacy perioperatively between hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) and conventional open sigmoidectomy.

METHODSProspectively collected data on 115 patients with sigmoid colon cancer between January 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed. There were 62 patients in the HALS group and 53 in the conventional sigmoidectomy group (CS). Patient characteristics, operative parameters, and perioperative outcomes were compared.

RESULTSHALS patients were similar to CS patients in age(60.2 yrs vs. 63.4 yrs, P=0.163), gender (53.2% vs. 60.4% male, P=0.441), tumor size (4.7 cm vs. 5.3 cm, P=0.114) and tumor stage. The two groups were comparable in operative time [(122.4±32.0) min vs.(126.7±37.4) min, P=0.510], lymph node harvest (15.1±4.6 vs. 16.8±6.4, P=0.163), free margin length [(4.1±1.8) cm vs.(4.3±1.7) cm, P=0.601], and postoperative complications. However, HALS group had less intraoperative bleeding [(62.6±35.4) ml vs. (168.9±137.1) ml, P=0.000], shorter time to flatus [(2.3±0.8) d vs. (3.3±1.1) d, P=0.000], and shorter hospital stay [(8.8±2.7) d vs.(12.6±8.0) d, P=0.001].

CONCLUSIONSHALS results in similar short-term outcomes compared to conventional surgery. HALS is safe and minimally invasive.

Colectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sigmoid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome