Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous drainage of solitary retroperitoneal abscess under CT guidance.Methods A retrospective analysis was made for percutaneous drainage of solitary retroperitoneal abscess with CT guidance in 13 patients including 4 at the tail of pancreas, 3 nearby the head of pancreas,3 in perirenal space,2 in posterior renal space and 1 case was by the side of psoas muscle.The maximum diameters of retroperitoneal abscess were between 3.5cm and 8cm.Results Out of 13 patients,8 with one time drainage,3 with twice drainages and 2 with thrice drainages.The mean duration of drainage was 16 days with no recurrence or residual lesions during clinical follow up.Conclusion CT guided percutaneous drainage of solitary retroperitoneal abscess is effective and minimally invasive.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:828-830)

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of multislice CT (MSCT) in the diagnosis and preoperative TNM staging of gastric carcinoma. Methods: Fifty patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were examined by MSCT, gastrointestinal series (GI), fiberoptic gastroscopy (FG) and transabdominal ultrasonography (US). The results of the 4 methods were compared with postoperative pathological results. Forty patients, who were diagnosed as having advanced gastric carcinoma by both MSCT and US, had their TNM staging evaluated and the results were compared with postoperative pathological TNM evaluation. Results: The detection rates of MSCT, FG, GI and US for advanced gastric carcinoma were 98%, 100%, 88% and 80%, respectively. The detection rate of MSCT was not significantly different with that of FG, but was obviously higher than that of GI (P=0.027) and US (P=0.004). The accuracy of MSCT in preoperative TNM staging was significantly higher than that of US(92.5% vs 72.5%). Conclusion: MSCT, with two-phase thin slice incremental scanning image, multiplaner reformats (MPR) and three-dimension (3D) image, is more advantaged in detecting the gross type, size, location, invasion and metastasis of advanced gastric carcinoma, thus greatly improving the detection rate and preoperative TNM staging of advanced gastric carcinoma.

Objective:To validate the clinical value of CT-guided curve-needle percutaneous ethanol injection (CNPEI) for celiac plexus block analgesia. Methods: Thirty-two patients with end-stage cancer, including 13 complicated with extensive retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement and fusion, were enrolled in this study. All patients complained of refractory upper abdominal pain and had received narcotic analgesics and radiotherapy, but the analgesic effect was not good. CT-guided CNPEI was therefore prescribed. Results: The effective rates of CT-guided CNPEI were 100%, 100%, 96.9%, 90.6%, 87.5%, and 84.4% immediately,and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks after treatment, respectively. All enlarged lymph nodes had obvious necrosis and became shrunk. Conclusion: Combined application of bilateral anterior and posterior diaphragmatic crura block and trans-lymph node block can produce good analgesic effects, and curve-needle puncture make the above technique simpler.

Objective:To validate the therapeutic value of CT-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of metastatic adrenal tumors. Methods: Thirty-one foci (diameter ranging from 1.5 cm to 7.2 cm) in 25 patients with metastatic adrenal tumors were treated with CT-guided PEI for more than twice. Plain and enhanced CT scans were performed 1-2 months after PEI to observe the size and necrosis of the tumors. Results: Post-PEI enhanced CT scan showed that 18 of the 20 foci with diameters less than 3 cm completely necrotized; 11 foci with diameters between 3 cm and 7.2 cm necrotized partially, and 2 foci completely necrotized after another 2-3 courses of PEI treatment. Conclusion: CT-guided PEI is a simple and minimally invasive means for treatment of metastatic adrenal tumors, and the therapeutic effect is satisfactory.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of abnormal Tbx3 expression in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

METHODThe total RNA of 4 breast cancer cell lines and 5 normal breast samples was extracted by routine Trizol method. After reverse transcription of the total RNA into cDNA, Tbx3 mRNA expression was detected in these samples by real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the differences in Tbx3 protein expression between 60 breast cancer samples and 34 normal breast tissue samples.

RESULTSCompared to normal breast tissue samples, the breast cancer cell lines showed markedly increased Tbx3 mRNA expression. The results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated a significant upregulation of Tbx3 protein expression in the 60 breast cancer tissues in comparison with the normal breast tissues, as was consistent with Tbx3 mRNA expressions in these tissue samples.

CONCLUSIONSThe mRNA and protein expressions of Tbx3 are markedly upregulated in breast cancer cell lines and tissue samples, suggesting that Tbx3 may serve as one of the malignant biomarkers in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Breast ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVE: To assess the labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness in adults with maxillary central incisors of different inclination by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Ninety maxillary central incisors from 45 patients were divided into three groups based on the maxillary central incisors to palatal plane angle; lingual-inclined, normal, and labial-inclined. Reformatted CBCT images were used to measure the labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness (ABT) at intervals corresponding to every 1/10 of the root length. The sum of labial ABT and lingual ABT at the level of the root apex was used to calculate the total ABT (TABT). The number of teeth exhibiting alveolar fenestration and dehiscence in each group was also tallied. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The labial ABT and TABT values at the root apex in the lingual-inclined group were significantly lower than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Lingual and labial ABT values were very low at the cervical level in the lingual-inclined and normal groups. There was a higher prevalence of alveolar fenestration in the lingual-inclined group. CONCLUSIONS: Lingual-inclined maxillary central incisors have less bone support at the level of the root apex and a greater frequency of alveolar bone defects than normal maxillary central incisors. The bone plate at the marginal level is also very thin.
Adult ; Bone Plates ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography* ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Prevalence ; Tooth

OBJECTIVETo establish a rat model of focal lymphatic encephalopathy by partial ligation of the cerebral superficial artery for observation of the changes of Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS).

METHODSThirty male SD rats were randomized into 3 groups (n=10), including two model groups and a sham-operated group. The rats in the model groups were subjected to partial ligation of the cerebral superficial arteries under EEG monitoring to induce focal lymphatic encephalopathy, and those in the sham-operated group underwent only dissociation of the cerebral superficial artery without ligation. The rats in the two model groups were executed at 24 and 48 h, and those in the sham-operated group at 48 h following the operation, respectively. Frozen sections of the brain tissues were prepared for microscopic morphological observation and quantitative analysis of the VRS using HE staining and an image analysis system, respectively.

RESULTSEEG remained normal during the operations suggesting intact brain function. Partial ligation of the cerebral superficial arteries resulted in obvious dilation of the VRS in the cerebral cortex and subcortical medulla, and the tissues around the dilated VRSs appeared pale and structurally loosened. The two model groups showed significantly enlarged VRS areas as compared to the sham-operated group (P<0.01), but no significant differences were found in the mean VRS areas between the two model groups.

CONCLUSIONPartial dilation of the cerebral superficial artery is effective and convenient to induce focal lymphatic encephalopathy in rats, and this model can be ideal for studying focal cerebral lymph circulation.

Animals ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; Cerebral Arteries ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ligation ; Lymphatic System ; physiopathology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of mannose-binding lectin 2 gene (MBL2) (rs1800450, rs1800451 and rs11003125) and protein kinase C-beta 1 gene (PRKC beta 1) (rs3700106, rs2575390) with diabetic macroangiopathy in northern Chinese Han population.

METHODSThe samples have included 318 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and 448 normoglycemic controls. The five SNPs were determined by a Multiplex SnaPshot method. Biochemical indices such as fasting plasma-glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol were also measured. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis were carried out for all samples using Haploview 4.2. Additive model was applied to assess the effect of interaction between SNPs and environment factors on macrovascular complications.

RESULTSGenotypic frequencies of rs11003125 have differed significantly between the controls and patients with coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease (P=0.024 and 0.004, respectively). The allele frequency of rs11003125 was also statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.014 and 0.001, respectively). Compared with patients without macrovascular complications, the allele frequency of rs11003125 was significantly different in patients with peripheral vascular disease (P=0.031). No significant differences were found between the distribution of the genotype frequency and allele frequencies of other variants. Haplotype analysis indicated that, compared with controls and patients without macrovascular complications, individuals with G allele of rs1800450 and C allele of rs11003125 had a higher risk for macrovascular complications.

CONCLUSIONThe rs11003125 polymorphism located in the promoter region of MBL2 gene is associated with macrovascular complications of T2DM in northern Chinese Han population. G allele of rs1800450 and C allele of rs11003125 may be risk factors for macrovascular complications. There were additive interactive effects for rs11003125 polymorphism (GC+CC) and hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy on macrovascular complications.

Alleles ; China ; ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; ethnology ; genetics ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; ethnology ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mannose-Binding Lectin ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Kinase C ; genetics ; Protein Kinase C beta

OBJECTIVETo explore the pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B (AMB) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during continuous intrathecal administration of AMB for treatment of cryptococcal neoformans meningitis (CNM).

METHODSThe concentration of AMB in the CSF was measured using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in 3 patients receiving continuous intrathecal infusion of AMB for CNM.

RESULTSAMB concentrations in the CSF of the 3 patients exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AMB against Cryptococcus neoformans. The concentration-time curve showed that AMB concentration in the CSF underwent obvious variations on the first day of intrathecal infusion and after additional AMB doses, but maintained a stable level (0.61-1.21 µg/ml) on the next day.

CONCLUSION[corrected] Continuous intrathecal administration of AMB can enhance the drug concentration in the CSF and maintain a stable and effective drug level for treatment of CNM.

Adolescent ; Amphotericin B ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; metabolism ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Spinal ; methods ; Male ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; drug therapy ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Danshen on hippocampal neurons in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with global ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODSGlobal ischemia-reperfusion model was established in 54 male Z:ZCLA gerbils by occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The animal models were randomized into 3 groups to receive treatment with normal saline, NGF, and Danshen 30 min after the reperfusion. At 6 h, 3 and 7 days after the reperfusion, the survival of the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons was observed using optical and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the neurons.

RESULTSNeuronal apoptosis was not observed in the hippocampus 6 h after the reperfusion, but at 3 and 7 days, the number of apoptotic neurons increased significantly in the CA1 region. Compared with normal saline, treatments with NGF and Danshen both significantly reduced the number of apoptotic neurons at 3 and 7 days. The number of apoptotic neurons showed no significant difference between NGF and Danshen treatment groups at 3 days, but at 7 days, the apoptotic cell number was significantly lower in NGF group (P<0.05). Bcl-2 expression was the highest in NGF group, and its highest expression occurred at 6 h after the reperfusion; Bax expression was detected in saline group, and underwent no significant changes with the passage of time.

CONCLUSIONBoth NGF and Danshen show protective effects against global ischemia-reperfusion injury. NGF has a stronger protective effect than Danshen, and this finding provides experimental evidence for selecting appropriate protective agents in the treatment of ischemic brain damage.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gerbillinae ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrolines ; pharmacology ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza