ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence and epidemic trend of human brucellosis between 2007 -2010 in Qian'an county,and to provide a basis for future prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological data of brucellosis between 2007 - 2010 were obtained from the national disease surveillance report on management information system, population data were from the national disease surveillance information management system for basic information reporting system, and descriptive epidemiological methods was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 86 cases were infected with brucellosis in Qian'an county from 2007 to 2010, with 68 cases of male and 18 cases of female, and male to female ratio was 3.78 : 1. Patients were mainly in the age of 20 - 55, with 40 - ＜ 45 year-old group the highest. All patients were local residents. Most professional were livestock acquisition, processing and aquaculture personnel. The majority of patients lived in Jianchang town,with 51 cases, accounting for 59.30％. Thirteen patients were reported in 2007, incidence was 0.0201‰(13/ 647 983). Thirty-nine patients were reported in 2010, and incidence was 0.0563‰(39/657 380). There was a fluctuations increase from 2007 to 2010. In 2007 brucellosis occurred in only two townships(towns), which spread to eight townships (towns) and urban areas in 2010. ConclusionsThe epidemic of human brucellosis in Qian'an is in a spreading trend. We recommend the government to strengthen the quarantine of livestock, and the infected livestock should be timely treated. Strengthen the prevention and control in Jianchangying. At the same time increase the brucellosis propaganda, and enhance self-protection awareness of the occupational groups.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever syndrome (EHF) from 2004 to 2010 and provide scientific basis for formulating control measures.Methods Epidemiological data of EHF between 2004 to 2010 were obtained from the“National Disease Surveillance Report on Management Information System”,and the population data were from the“National Disease Surveillance Information Management System for Basic Information Report System”.Descriptive epidemiological methods was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 173 cases were reported in Qian'an from 2004 to 2010.From 2004 to 2010,the cases were 86,67,12,1,0,1,and 7 cases,respectively,and the rate were 13.12/10 million ( 86/640 249 ),10.42/10 million (67/642 688 ),1.86/10 million ( 12/645 124),0.15/10 million (1/647 983 ),0(0/650 720),0.15/10 million( 1/653 839),and 0.11/10 million(7/657 380),respectively.The overall rate was 3.86/10 million(25/648 283) of population.From 2004 to 2008 the incidence reported declined rapidly,then increased slowly after 2009.The cases were found intensively in winter(November - next January) and spring season (february - may).The incidence in the age group of 10 - 45 was higher than that of other age groups,and the total number of cases was 82.08％(142/173).The incidence in males( 114 cases) was higher than that of females(59 cases).Occupational distribution mainly to peasants and students,which accounted for 87.86％ (152/173).Conclusions Epidemic in the city declines rapidly follows by a slow recovery,suggesting that in the future surveillance,mice-killing and protection of vulnerable population should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the electrical activity property changes in nucleus accumbens (NAc) of heroin-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) rats during different stages of heroin dependence and to explore NAc's roles in the formation of drug dependence.

METHODSRecording electrodes were bilaterally embedded into the NAcs of rats with the aid of stereotaxic apparatus, followed by establishment of heroin-dependent rat model. The NAc electrical activity during 3 different stages of heroin dependence, including heroin pre-exposure, immediate post-exposure and heroin withdrawal, were respectively recorded using EEG wireless telemetry techniques. The frequency distribution (ranging from 0.5 to 30 Hz) and the amplitude of NAc electrical activity were analyzed and measured.

RESULTSHeroin-dependent rat models were successfully established and their withdrawal symptoms were evident. All rats showed a conditioned place preference (CPP) for the white box after 5-10 days of heroin-exposure, and displayed a maximum withdrawal symptoms on 2d after heroin- withdrawal. During all statges of heroin-dependence, the NAc electrical activity contained the highest proportion of delta rhythm and the lowest proportion of alpha2 rhythm. The discharge frequence band was similar across different stages. There was a significantly increased ratio of low-frequency discharges (delta rhythm) and decreased ratio of high-frequency discharges (beta rhythm) in NAc of rats during the immediate post- heroin exposure stage when compared with that during pre-exposure and heroin withdrawal stages. During the withdrawal stage, the ratio of at rhythm was significantly lower than during pre- and post-heroin exposure stages (P < 0.01). Further, the mean discharge amplitude in NAcs during immediate post-exposure and withdrawal stages was significantly increased relative to pre-exposure stage. However, the mean discharge amplitude during heroin withdrawal stage was significantly lower than during immediate post-exposure stage.

CONCLUSIONThe electrical activity properties in rat NAcs showed a significant change during different stages of heroin-dependence, which suggested that neuronal activities in NAcs might contribute to the modulation of drug-dependence.

Animals ; Conditioning, Operant ; Heroin ; pharmacology ; Heroin Dependence ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Telemetry

Objective To investigate the effect of cortical 8-opioid receptor (DOR) on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced (OGD-induced) neuronal injury. Methods Primary cultured cortical neurons incubated with selective DOR agonist (TAN-67) and antagonist (naltrindole) or PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine, CHE) were exposed to OGD. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was detected after 24 h reperfusion. The expression levels of DOR were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with OGD group, TAN-67 significantly decreased OGD-indueed LDH release, and increased the expression levels of DOR, while nahrindole aggravated neuronal injury and decreased the DOR protein expression. CHE could abolish the LDH down-regulation induced by TAN-67 plus OGD (P< 0.05, compared with TAN-67 treated group). Conclusions DOR activation protects neurons against OGD injury. PKC might take part in the neuroprotection pathways of DOR.

This study is to screen the Chinese herbal compounds which could inhibit the production of Abeta and investigate the underlying mechanism. Ten types of compounds which have potential value in the treatment of AD were selected as initial screening trial. The cell models which used could overexpress Abeta and beta-secretases or Abeta and gamma-secretases. Extracellular Abeta was determined by ELISA after the cell models treated with different concentrations of compounds (0.5-100 micromol x L(-1)), separately. Then the compounds were selected which could inhibit extracellular Abeta and their best concentration ranges were decided, too. Furthermore, the cell viability and apoptosis rate, the level of intracellular Abeta, beta and gamma-secretases were determined after the cell models treated with different concentrations of selected compounds. The results showed that 4 of the 10 compounds could reduce the level of extracellular Abeta; they were cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin, and their best concentration ranges were 0.5-5.0, 0.5-5.0, 5.0-50, 1.0-25 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Further study indicated that the 4 selected compounds were nontoxic to the cellular models and lowering intracellular Abeta were more effective compared with extracellular; of which astragalosides and gastrodin showed dose-dependent inhibition to the activities of beta and gamma-secretases, with the maximum inhibiting rates of 78.2% and 80.3%, respectively. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin could inhibit the expression and secretion of Abeta, and the underlying inhibiting mechanism of astragalosides and gastrodin were related with the reduction of the beta and gamma-secretase activities, respectively.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Apoptosis ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Objective To compare T and N staging of esophageal and cardia cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computed tomography (CT) before operation, and to evaluate clinical value of EUS.Methods Twenty-eight patients received examination of EUS and CT preoperatively, and the T and N staging was determined. The accuracy rates of both T, N staging were compared by the postoperative pathological results, at the same time, the accuracy rates of lymph node metastasis were compared, and the value of application of EUS was investigated. Results In the twenty-eight cases, the accuracy rates of EUS were higher than that of CT by 89.3% ( 25/28 ) to 46.4% ( 13/28 ) in T staging. And the difference had statistical significance( P = 0. 004 ,P ＜ 0.01 ). The N stagings of both were 82.1% (23/28) and 50.0% ( 14/28), and the difference had statistical significance ( P = 0. 035, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The accuracy rates of lymph node metastasis of both were 88.7% and 72.2% respectively, and the difference had statistical significance (χ2 = 7.031,P = 0.008, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions EUS has very important value in preoperative staging for esophageal cancer and cardia cancer, and the T staging of EUS is better than that of CT. The short axis and the ratio of short to long axis (S/L) combined with the lymph node ultrasonography image can improve the accuracy rates of lymph node metatsasis and N staging.

The thermostability of the inulinase was studied in this resea rc h. Some alcoholic materials and thickening agent could enhance the thermostabli lity of the inulinase. Using glycerol、xanthic pastern and though orthogonal ex periments of three elements and three levels, a satisfying protective agent, whi ch included glycerin(6%), xanthan gum(0.6%) and CaCl_2 (100mmol/mL) and ha d a significant effect on the enhancement of the inulinase thermostability, was acquired.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacies of Xing Nao Kai Qiao (brain-awakening orifice-opening) needling method intervened at different time points in treating hemorrhagic stroke,for seeking the optimal intervention time.Method Ninety-six patients with hemorrhagic stroke were divided into group A,B,C and D by the disease duration,24 cases in each group.Group A was intervened by conventional medication;group B,C and D were all intervened by Xing Nao Kai Qiao needling in addition to the treatment given to group A.In group B,the disease duration range was 3-7 d;in group C,the disease duration range was 8-14 d;in group D,the disease duration range was 15-21 d.Before the intervention,and after 14-day and 28-day treatment,the scores of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS),modified Barthel Index (MBI) [score of Activities of Daily Living (ADL)],and symptoms and signs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were evaluated.Result After 28-day treatment,the scores of NIHSS,ADL,and TCM symptoms and signs were significantly changed in all four groups compared to those before the treatment (P＜0.05).The scores ofNIHSS,ADL,and TCM symptoms and signs in group B were significantly different from those in group A after 28-day treatment (P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The NIHSS scores in group C and D were significantly different from the score in group A respectively after 14-day and 28-day treatment (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).After 28-day treatment,the NIHSS score in group B was significantly different from that in group D (P＜0.05).After 14-day and 28-day treatment,the scores of TCM symptoms and signs in group C were significantly different from those in group A (P＜0.05).Conclusion Xing Nao Kai Qiao needling method is an effective approach in treating hemorrhagic stroke;the earlier the intervention,the better the prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical significance of waist soft tissue tension detection in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain.

METHODSFrom August 2011 to March 2012,60 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain were divided into two groups (sliver needle group and TCM fumigation group) according to propotion of 1:1. In sliver needle group, there were 17 males and 13 females aged from 28 to 55 years old with an average age of (45.70 +/- 4.15), treated with sliver needle; In TCM fumigation group,there were 19 males and 11 females aged from 27 to 55 years old with an average age of (43.03 +/- 5.86), treated with TCM fumigation. Changes of force-displacement distance (FDD), specific absorption rate (S) of two groups were observed before treatment, 1 week and 3 months after treatment respectively, VAS scoring and Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ) were used to access clinical effects.

RESULTS(1) VAS score of silver needle group was 4.77 +/- 0.78, 1.99 +/- 1.08 and 2.55 +/- 0.94, respectively before treatment, at 1 week and 3 months after treatment,while VAS score in TCM fumigation group were 4.43 +/- 0.61, 2.48 +/- 0.71 and 3.05 +/- 0.86, respectively. VAS score of two groups after treatment were sigificant decrease than that of before treatment (P < 0.05). There was no sigificant differences between two groups before treatment, but sliver needle group performed well in analgesia than TCM fumigation group, and had obvious differences (P < 0.05). RMDQ score of silver needle group was 13.63 +/- 1.96, 5.87 +/- 2.33 and 6.53 +/- 2.89, respectively before treatment, at 1 week and 3 months after treatment, while RMDQ score in TCM fumigation group were 13.40 +/- 2.01, 6.90 +/- 2.31, 9.23 +/- 2.87, respectively. There was no significant differences between two groups before treatment and 1 week after treatment (P > 0.05), and had obvious differences between two groups at 3 months after treatment (P < 0.01). Both groups could obvious improve dysfunction caused by chronic low back pain, and curative effect of sliver needle groups was more endurable. (2) Following-up at 3 months after treatment, FDD of multifidus, erector spinae of effected side and multifidus of healthy in sliver needle group were obvious increased (P < 0.05); In TCM fumigation group, FDD of multifidus and erector spinae on both side were increased at 1 week after treatment (P < 0.05), but had no significant meaning at 3 months after treatment on health side (P>0.05). There was no significant meaning before treatment (P > 0.05), FDD of multifidus, erector spinae of effected side in sliver needle group were obvious increased at 1 week after treatment (P < 0.05); but no obvious meaning on health side. FDD of both side in sliver needle group were obvious increased at 3 months after treatment. (3) There was correlation among differences of FDD in multifidus and erector spinae, VAS score and differences of RMDQ, and Spearman correlation coefficient R was 0.517, 0.811, 0.746 and 0.625; There was correlation between items of soft tissue tension and sympotoms, function and life quality. Conclusion:Soft tissue tension detection can effectively manifest degree of pain and dysfunction of low back, and improve objectivity of therapeutic evaluation for chronic low back pain.

Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Tonus ; drug effects ; Needles ; Paraspinal Muscles ; drug effects ; physiopathology

This study compared the decoction's HPLC figures of the different processed rhizomes of Cibotium barometz including the raw, the sand-baked, the wined, the steamed and the salted, on the basis of which, with the sand-baked Drynaria fortunei decoction as the positive control group, comparingall groups' decoction, concentration of which was 104.2 g x L(-1), for 4 weeks, by their effects (s-TRAP and total scores of OPG, Ca, P, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1) on retinoic acid induced male rats osteoporosis. The experiment results showed the sand-baked and the wined were better than the steamed, the salted and the raw;in the processing methods' selection, the sand-baked was a better heating method than the steamed and the rice wine was the better excipient than the salt. It provided a reference to explain the processing principle of rhizomes of C. barometz and work mechanism of anti-osteoporosis.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Pteridophyta ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Tretinoin ; adverse effects