Yinchenzhufu decoction (YCZFD) is a classic formula for treating Yin Huang syndrome, which can improve liver injury caused by cholestasis. However, the mechanism of action of YCZFD still remains unclear. This article used network pharmacology, molecular docking, animal experiments, and molecular biology methods to explore the mechanism of YCZFD in treating liver injury caused by cholestasis. A mouse model of acute cholestasis induced by lithocholic acid was used to investigate the effects of YCZFD on liver injury. The experimental procedures described in this paper were reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee at the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval NO. PZSHUTCM190823002). The results showed that YCZFD could reduce the levels of blood biochemical indicators and improve hepatocyte damage of cholestatic mice. Then, multiple databases were used to predict the corresponding targets of YCZFD active components on cholestatic liver injury. An intersection target protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks based on String database and Cytoscape software was used to demonstrate the possible core targets of YCZFD against cholestatic liver injury. The results indicated that core targets of YCZFD include tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src, interleukin-6, etc. GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis indicated that YCZFD may regulate the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, bile secretion, and other related factors to ameliorate the cholestatic liver injury. AutoDockTools software was used to perform molecular docking verification on the core targets and components of YCZFD. To verify the results of network pharmacology, UPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the effect of YCZFD on levels of bile acid profiles in mouse liver tissues. It was found that treatment with YCZFD significantly reduced the content of free bile acids, taurine bound bile acids, and total bile acids in the liver tissues of cholestatic mice. Then, results from real time PCR and Western blot also found that YCZFD can upregulate the expression of hepatic nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor, metabolizing enzyme (UDP glucuronidase transferase 1a1), and efflux transporters (bile salt export pump, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3, etc) in cholestasis mice, promote bile acid metabolism and excretion, and improve bile acid homeostasis. Moreover, YCZFD can also inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation by regulating NOD-like receptors 3 pathway, thereby inhibiting cholestatic liver injury.

Objective In this experiment,we explored the effects of rAAV\|hGDNF on protecting spinal neurons From death. Methods rAAV\|hGDNF particals were produced by recombinant virus technolgy,and infected the culture spinal neurons which were exposed to glutamate.We counted the mortality rate and detected the expression of NOS mRNA by RT\|PCR. Results In the group transfering rAAV\|hGDNF the death rate was inhibited(50%?0\^02,control 59\^25%?0\^023, P

Objective To investigate the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells on Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2/4 expression in the lungs of rats with acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis (AHNP). Methods Seventy SD male rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (n=10), AHNP group(n=30) and MSCs-treated group(n=30). Masc rate of BMSCs with surface mark were measured by flow cytometer. TLR2/4mRNA expression in the the lung were measured by RT-PCR, and The ratio of Wet/dry and lung histological changs were observed. Results TLR2/4 mRNA could be detected in the lungs with low values in sham-operation group, markedly increased in 3 h, and peaked in 12 h in AHNP group (P＜0.05). Lung injuries were aggravated and the levels of TNF-α in the lung were increased (P＜0. 05) . Treatment with MSCs could effectively inhibit TLR2/4 mRNA expression and relieve lung injuries. The levels of TNF-α in the lung were decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of TLR2/4 mRNA is increased in the lungs in AHNP and the lung injuries are aggravated. MSCs could markedly inhibit TLR2/4 mRNA expression in the lungs in AHNP, which would lead to relief of lung injury.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of negative emotions on serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and neuropeptide Y (NYP) in hepatitis B liver cirrhosis (HBLC) patients.

METHODSTotally 617 HBLC patients were assigned to the negative emotion group (415 cases) and the non-negative emotion group (202 cases) judged by negative emotions. Case numbers of various grading Child-Pugh were recorded in the two groups. Their liver functions were compared between the two groups. Serum levels of ACTH and NPY were detected using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the two groups.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in Child-Pugh grading between the two groups (χ2 = 0.65, P = 0.72). Compared with the non-negative emotional group, serum ACTH levels decreased significantly in the negative emotion group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in serum ACTH levels between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe negative emotion of HBLC patients was not related to the serum ACTH level, but to relatively lower-concentration serum NPY levels.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Emotions ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; psychology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; psychology ; Neuropeptide Y ; Serum

To establish vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) as secretary biomarkers for cell growth on topographic substrates, we have evaluated the secretion and expression of these 2 factors by SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells on poly-L-lactide (PLLA) micropillar arrayed topographic substrates. We fabricated topographic substrates with UV lithography, silicon etching and polydimethylsiloxane-based replica molding, and interfaced SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with both the topographic substrates and PLLA flat substrates. Cell morphology and spreading were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The secretion and mRNA expression of VEGF and IL-8 were evaluated with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time qPCR, respectively, 24 hours after cell plating. We successfully achieved 4 topographic substrates with a nominal pillar diameter of 2 microm and 4 microm, and a nominal pillar spacing of 2 microm and 7 microm. We found that the secretion and mRNA expression of VEGF and/or IL-8 by SH-SY5Y cells on 2-2 microm (pillar diameter-spacing), 4-2 microm and 4-7 microm topographic substrates were upregulated in comparison to those by cells on PLLA flat substrate, 24 hours after cell plating. Furthermore, both cytokines were even more substantially upregulated on the 2-7 microm substrate than on the other 3 topographic substrates. Compared to those on PLLA flat substrate, cells on topographic substrates showed significant changes in morphology (spreading area, perimeter and roundness), and the increase in the secretion and mRNA expression of VEGF and IL-8 was accompanied with a decrease in cell spreading areas. These results provided evidence that pillar arrayed topography was an important microenvironmental factor in affecting VEGF and IL-8 expression or secretion, and VEGF and IL-8 might serve as important secretary biomarkers for growth on topographic substrates by SH-SY5Y cells.
Biomarkers ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cellular Microenvironment ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; genetics ; secretion ; Neuroblastoma ; secretion ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; secretion

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction on Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression.

METHODThirty-two NOD mice were randomly divided into the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine group (TCM group, orally given 0.4 mL nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction as per 100 g x kg(-1) everyday), the hydroxychloroquine group (given 0.4 mL hydroxychloroquine as per 60 mg x kg(-1) everyday), the traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine group (TCM WM group, given nourishing Yin, Strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction 50 g x kg(-1) and hydroxychloroquine 60 mg x kg(-1), 0.4 mL everyday), with eight mice in each group. Eight Balb/C mice were selected as the normal control group (normal group). All of mice were killed after eight weeks, and their submaxillary glands were dissected. The expression levels of Fas/FasL were examined by immunohistochemical method, and the FasL mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTThe expression levels of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of the model group were higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL of the normal group was much lower than that in the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of Fas mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in other groups, but the control group was notably lower than other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in TCM and TCM WM groups (P < 0.05). But the expression level in TCM WM group was notably lower than the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction could down-regulate the expression level of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression, and had a better efficacy after being combined with hydroxychloroquine. The nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction might treat the Sjogren's Syndrome by reducing apoptosis which is regulated by Fas/FasL

Animals ; Fas Ligand Protein ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Qi ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salivary Glands ; metabolism ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; blood ; genetics ; therapy ; Yin-Yang ; fas Receptor ; genetics

Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the change of serum Nogo-A protein in patients with acute closed brain injury, and explore its relationship with the severity of neuronal damage and prognosis. Methods Thirty-one patients with acute closed brain injury were enrolled. Venous blood samples (2 mL) were obtained 1, 3 and 5 d after injury. Serum concentrations of Nogo-A protein were determined by ELISA. Patients were divided into mild (n =7), moderate (n = 10) and severe (n = 14) injury groups according to Glasgow coma score (GCS), and were divided into favorable prognosis (n = 23) and poor prognosis (n = 8) groups according to Glasgow outcome score (GOS). Another 20 healthy adults were served as controls. Results The mass concentrations of serum Nogo-A protein in mild, moderate and severe injury groups 1, 3, 5 d after injury were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01), and the mass concentrations of serum Nogo-A protein in moderate and severe injury groups 1, 3, 5 d after injury were significantly higher than those in mild injury group (P <0.05, P <0.01). The mass concentrations of serum Nogo-A protein 1, 3, 5 d after injury were significantly higher in poor prognosis group than those in favourable prognosis group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Serum Nogo-A protein level significantly increases after brain injury, and is related to the degree of injury and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multiple bladder biopsies in the diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) during transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT).Methods The data of 408 NMIBC patients from January 2009 to December 2013 was analyzed retrospectively.There were 302 males and 106 females.The mean age of these 408 patients was 65 years old from 33 to 86 years.Bladder multipoint biopsies were performed in 216 patients (biopsy group),and were not performed in the other 192 patients (control group).The multipoint biopsies were taken from right and left bladder walls,anterior and posterior walls,dome,trigone,prostatic urethra and abnormal mucosa.There were 127 males and 89 females in the biopsy group,with a mean age of 64 years old (from 18 to 87 years).In the control group,118 males and 74 females aged between 15 and 92 years have an average age of 66 years old.There was no statistically significant difference in regard to gender and age between the two groups.The positive rate of biopsy and whether the diagnosis and treatment plan changed in the study group were recorded and the recurrence and progression rates were compared between study and control groups.Results Of these 216 multiple mucosa biopsies,the total abnormal detection rate was 48.1％ (104/216).There were urothelial carcinoma in 12.5％ (39/216),carcinoma in situ in 5.6％ (12/216),dysplasia in 9.7％ (21/216),cystitis in 20.4％.The final diagnosis were changed in fifteen patients (6.9％) due to the biopsy results,and 38 patients(17.6％) treatment plans were changed.The 1-,3-,and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates (RFS) of biopsy group and control groups were 96.3％ vs.85.4％(x2 =14.955,P=0.000),85.2％ vs.69.8％ (x2 =13.183,P =0.000) and 69.9％ vs.64.1％ (x2 =1.574,P =0.245);progression-free survival(PFS) were 99.1％ vs.96.3％ (x2 =8.253,P =0.006),94.0％ vs.87.0％ (x2 =5.901,P=0.017) and90.3％ vs.85.4％ (x2 =2.273,P=0.169).The 1-and 3-year RFS and PFS of biopsy group were higher than control group.There was no significant difference in the 5-year RFS and PFS between the two groups.Conclusions Multiple bladder biopsies could be helpful for pathological diagnosis and the post-TUR treatment of NMIBC.Furthermore,it may reduce the early recurrence and progression rates of NMIBC,but have no effect on long-term prognosis.

Objective To observe the synthesis of TLR2 protein and mRNA expression in Kupffer cells(KCs). Methods BALB/C mice were used to make model of partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. After injury, KCs were isolated with two-steps in situ perfusion technique. The synthesis of TLR2 protein was determined by flow cytometric analysis (FCM) and real time reverse transcription(polymerase) chain reaction (Real Time RT-PCR) was used to analyse its gene expression in KC. Results The expression of TLR2mRNA and synthesis of protein in KC were significantly higher in experimental group, compared with sham group (protein expression: 9.19?0.43 % vs 1.52 ?0.24%, P