Bleeding Time ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; Humans ; von Willebrand Diseases ; diagnosis

Humans ; Liver ; injuries ; surgery

In the trends of large-scale brain research projects around the world, the China Brain Project aims to promote the understanding of the basic principles of the brain, and use the basic research of neuroscience to serve some urgent social and economic needs at the same time.As we approach the launch of this effort aimed at revolutionizing our understanding of cognitive principles of the brain, early diagnoses of brain diseases and brain-like intelligence technologies, it is timely to review the new progress in recent international brain research projects, and the deployment and future trajectory of neuroscience research in China.

AIM To investigate whether the relaxation characteristics of phytoestrogens resveratrol and phloretin on contractile response of aortic strips are similar to that of estrogen and the mechanisms underground. METHODS Aortic strips from rabbits were suspended in organ baths containing Krebs solution, and then isometric tension was measured. RESULTS Resveratrol and phloretin inhibited the contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE), KCl and CaCl2, shifted their concentration-response curves rightward with pD2′ values of 2.89, 3.34, 3.37 for resveratrol and 3.23, 3.52, 3.77 for phloretin respectively. Also both of them concentration-dependently relaxed KCl-precontracted aortic strip. The relaxing response of resveratrol but not of phloretin in aortic strip was significantly reduced by removal of endothelium or incubation with Nω-L-nitro-arginine and methylthioninium chloride, however both their relaxant effects were not affected by indometacin and propranolol. In Ca2+-free Krebs solution containing 0.01 mmol·L-1 EGTA, resveratrol and phloretin inhibited NE-induced contraction which was caused by Ca2+ release from intracellular store, but did not affect the contraction which was induced by Ca2+ influx. CONCLUSION Resveratrol and phloretin can induce vasorelaxations which may relate to inhibition of Ca2+ influx through potential-dependent calcium channels and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and the relaxing response of resveratrol is endothelium-dependent in part, but of phloretin is not endothelium-dependent.

The basical structure of diketopiperazines is a cyclic dipeptide condensed by two amino acids. Because of the stable framework of the six-member ring structure, and having two hydrogen bond donor and two hydrogen bond receptor, DKPs have become important chemical pharmacophores, with strong biological activities and pharmacological activities in the drug. A series of cyclic compounds were found from marine organisms in recent years, research showed that their functions are not limited on anti-bacterial, cytotoxic activity, and so on, but also playing an important role in regulatory mechanism of quorum sensing as signal molecules, they have become research hot point in ecological chemistry. This paper reviewed the research progress of diketopiperazines found in the marine microbial metabolites, and the future study trends was discussed and outlooked.

Heterotopic ossification is a common complication after acetabular fractures and fractures of the elbow.Heterotopic ossification often leads to severe joint movement disorder,which brings great pain to the patient.This paper reviewed the clinical research,including pathogenesis,clinical diagnosis,prevention,treatment and future directions of heterotopic ossification to investigate the effective method in prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossification.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of renal involvement in Beh(c)et's disease (BD).Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in BD patients complicated with renal damage who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 1998 to July 2012.Results Twenty patients with renal involvement constituted 3.2％ of all the 618 hospitalized BD patients.The presentation of renal disease was chronic glomerulonephritis in 6 patients (1 with nephrotic syndrome),renal tubular acidosis in 1 patient,renal artery stenosis in 7 patients,renal vein thrombosis in 1 patient,and chronic renal failure of unknown etiology in 5 patients.Kidney biopsy was performed in 5 patients,3 of them revealed glomerular minor lesion,mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and chronic tubularinterstitial nephropathy,respectively.The other 2 patients underwent a second biopsy,one with glomerular minor lesion transforming into IgA nephropathy of grade Ⅲ on Lee's glomerular grading system after 6 years,and the other with IgA nephropathy of grade Ⅱ progressing to grade Ⅳ after 2 years.After the diagnosis of renal BD,one patient with uremia underwent peritoneal dialysis,while the remaining 19 patients received immunosuppressant (or with combination of glucocorticoid,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers.etc.) therapy.Among the 8 patients with renal vascular involvement,2 underwent surgery,and several received anticoagulant therapy.During the follow-up of 13 patients,the urine protein quantifications were reduced,and renal functions remained relatively stable.Conclusion Renal damage is relatively uncommon in BD patients.There are various clinical spectrums for renal BD.Routine screening with urinalysis,serum creatinine and imaging studies should be carried out for the early diagnosis of renal BD.

Objective:To investigate the effect of miR-150 gene deletion on the breeding and hematologic parameters of mice. Methods:The nest litter size,wean rate and weight changes of miR-150 knock out (miR-150ko) and C57BL/6J mice were com-pared. The hematology indexes were analyzed by automated blood cell counter, the serum biochemical parameters were analyzed by automatic biochemical analyzer. Results:The nest litter size and wean rate of miR-150ko mice were significantly decreased compared with that of C57BL/6J mice. The number of total white blood cells,intermediate cells,neutrophils,and the percentage of neutrophils and intermediate cells were significantly increased in miR-150ko mice compared with that of C57BL/6J mice. However,the number and per-centage of platelets and lymphocytes decreased significantly in miR-150ko mice. In addition,the levels of serum glucose and TC were in-creased significantly in miR-150ko mice compared with that of C57BL/6J mice. Conclusion: miR-150 gene deletion impairs the breeding and has complex impact on hematologic parameters of mice.

Objective: To observe the effect of complex reinforcing-reducing manipulations of acupuncture on flexion and extension angles of hip and knee in patients after surgical treatment of gluteus maximus contracture.
Methods: A total of 66 cases following surgery of gluteus maximus contracture were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group by the random digits table, 33 in each group. In addition to basic treatment, cases in the observation group were treated with reducing manipulation [Tou T ian Liang (Heaven-penetrating Cooling)] on Zhibian (BL 54), Huantiao (GB 30) and Juliao (GB 29) on the affected side and reinforcing manipulation [Shao Shan Huo (Mountain-burning Fire)] on Biguan (ST 31), Futu (ST 32), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Xuehai (SP 10), Diji (SP 8) and Yanglingquan (GB 34). Patients in the control group only received the same basic treatment as the observation group. The treatment was done once a day, 30 d for a course and a 1-week interval between two courses. Then the flexion and extension angles of hip and knee were evaluated using the Lokomat full automatic robot gait evaluation system after 3 courses of treatment.
Results:There were intra-group statistical differences in hip flexion angle on foot followed (HFA-FF), the maximum of hip flexion angle (MAX-HFA), the maximum of hip extension angle (MAX-HEA), knee flexion angle on foot followed (KFA-FF), the maximum of knee flexion angle on stance phase (MAX-KFA-TP) and the maximum of knee flexion angle on swing phase (MAX-KFA-WP) in the observation group and in HFA-FF, MAX-HEA and KFA-FF in the control group (P<0.05). There were between-group statistical differences in HFA-FF, MAX-HFA, MAX-HEA, KFA-FF and MAX-KFA-TP (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The complex reinforcing-reducing manipulations of acupuncture can effectively improve the hip/knee functions following surgery of gluteus maximus contracture.

We aroused students' learning interest,adjusted teaching contents,played the appropriate role of teachers,optimized teaching means and carried out comprehensive evaluation based on special characteristics of the optional course environmental eugenics and the knowledge structure of students to improve the teaching quality and teaching effect as well as make this course contribute to comprehensive ability of medical students.