Malnutrition is significantly correlated with the high mortality and other poor outcomes of stroke;in turn,stroke can increase the incidence of malnutrition.Old age and swallowing dysfunction are independent risk factors of post-stroke malnutrition.The sequential nutritional support with enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition can reduce or avoid the complications of both malnutrition and stroke,and therefore should be considered for stroke patients,especially those who are critically ill.

Risk factors related to malnutrition were prospectively studied in 82 cases with acute ischemic stroke in our hospital during December 1,2007 and December 31,2008. The incidences of malnutrition on the first and ( 14 ± 1 )th day were 18% (15/82) and 30% (25/82). Study showed that age ( P = 0. 007 ), dysphagia ( P = 0. 043 ), malnutrition on admission ( P = 0. 003 ) were risk factors related to malnutrition on the ( 14 ± 1)th day after admission; there was no interaction between dysphagia and the other two factors, dysphagia was an independent risk factor related to malnutrition after acute ischemic stroke.

Objective To study some sensitive electrophysiological parameters in surveillance of allograft rejection.Methods Forty rats underwent heterotopic heart transplantations.IMEG was re- corded by an epicardiac unipolar pacing lead fixed at the right ventricular outflow tract.QRS amplitude and heart rate were determed daily in 10 syngeneic and 30 allogeneic transplants.Syngeneic transplants were killed at 7 th postoperative day,and allogeneic transplants killed at 3 rd,5 th and 7 th postopera- tive day.Histopathologie studies were performed at every transplanted heart.Results In syngeneic group,QRS amplitude kept constant after the transplantation while no significant differences were ob- served at the 3 rd,5 th and 7 th postoperative day.QRS amplitude was dropped obviously in allogeneic group after the first two postoperative days whereas significant differences were observed at the rejec- ting and non-rejecting hearts.Conclusions IMEG is a valid method to monitor acute allograft rejec- tion.QRS amplitude is a more sensitive electrophysiological parameter to diagnose severe rejections than heart rate,while mild rejections were not detected by this method.

Objective: To study the effect of ecological factors on contents of gastrodine, preliminary discuss the relations between the soil ecological factor and the quality of gastrodine. Methods: To collected wild and cultivated gastrodia rhizome and growth soil sample from the different habitat in different harvesttime. To examine microorganism quantity, the contents of soil organic matter, the contents of soil metallic, the soil pH value and the contents of gastrodine in the soil, and analyze the relations between the soil ecological factor and the quality. Results: In collection samples, it’s showed negative correlation (P0.05). Conclusion: The bacteria/fungus constitution condition, the contents of soil organic matter and the soil pH value were important ecological factor that affect the gastrodia quality.

Balloon Occlusion ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Humans ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sclerotherapy

Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics,therapeutic modalities and prognosis of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LCNEC). Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with pulmonary LCNEC confirmed by surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Results No case was correctely diagnosed before surgery.The immunohistochemical amalysis of the specimens revealed the characters of endocrine carcinoma.Twelve cases received adjuvant chemotherapy of platinum agents,but recurrence or metastasis was found in 8 of them several months after surgery.The median survival time was 19 months.The 1-year,2-year and 3-year survival rate were 85.7%(12/14),21.4%(3/14) and not more than 14.3%(2/14),respectively.The statistical analysis showed that the stage,lymph node metastasis and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may have impacts on the prognosis of pulmonary LCNEC. Conclusion Pulmonary LCNEC is a carcinoma with poor prognosis,high tendency of invasion and metastasis.The stage of disease,lymph node metastasis,and adjuvant chemotherapy may be related to the prognosis.

This paper makes a tentative exploration in the feature and responsibility of blood-bank,ethical significance embodied in the without-payment blood donation system,and the three particular ethics-based practices in Beijing Red Cross Blood-bank including "Street Corner Donation Volunteers","Involvement of Competent Blood-bank Staff in the Blood Donation",and "Community of Rare Blood Types",thus providing an account of the blood-bank culture construction from the perspectives of ideological construction,scientific development,humanistic service,and connotation construction,etc.

Objective To optimize and establish the methodology for culturing and inducing differentiation of mouse preadipocytes 3T3-L1. Methods The mouse cells 3T3-L1 were incubated in DMEM medium contained with 10%FBS, during which the incubation medium was refreshed every 2 to 3 days. Two methods were used to introduce differentiation, including three-drug combination group and four-drug combination group. The protocol of mediumⅠin three-drug combination group including insulin 10 mg/L, IBMX 0.5 mmol/L and DEX 1.0μmol/L. The protocol of mediumⅠin four-drug combination group including indometacin 0.1 mmol/L based on those of three-drug combination group. Both of them were incubated for 2 days and continuous for 2 times. And medium Ⅱ included insulin 10 mg/L for 2-day culturing and continuous for 2 times. Oil red O staining was used to observe the morphological changes of two groups of cells before and after treatment under inverted microscope. Results Mouse preadipocytes 3T3-L1 appeared in good conditions and grew in a paving stone fashion. These cells covered homogeneously the bottom of incubators, the culture medium refreshed every 2 days. The results of four-drug combination group were better than those of three-drug combination group. After three-drug combination induced differentiation, there was no significant change in cell morphology. Comparing with three-drug combination induced differentiation, four-drug combination was successfully achieved in over 90% of the cell inducing, which were round-shaped, with jacinth ester droplets by oil-red O staining. Conclusion We have optimized the method for culturing and inducing differentiation of mouse preadipocytes 3T3-L1 by adding indometacin on the basis of the three-drug combination induced differentiation.

Objective To evaluate the mid-term tollow-up results of cervical artificial disc replacement (CADR) for cervical degenerative disc disease,and to explore whether it can reduce the occurrence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD).Methods A prospective comparative study of 93 patients who underwent CADR or anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for cervical degenerative disc disease were conducted.All patients were followed up for more than 6 years.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score,neck disability index (NDI),Odom's scale,X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results.Results Twenty eight patients who underwent CADR and 35 patients who underwent ACDF had complete follow-up data.At final follow-up,the JOA score and NDI improved significantly in both groups.Between the two groups,there was no significant difference in terms of JOA score,NDI and Odom's scale.The sagittal alignment was well maintained in both groups.The total cervical spine range of motion (ROM) had no significant change for the CADR group,whereas,it significantly decreased for the ACDF group.The ROM at the replacement level of CADR patients decreased from 9.5° ± 3.7° before operation to 7.0° ± 3.0° 3 months after operation,and it was maintained to 6.6° ± 4.1° at final follow-up without significant decrease.Lateral radiographs and T2-weighted MRI showed the incidence of ASD in CADR group was significantly lower than that in ACDF group.Conclusion The six-year follow-up results of CADR are basically satisfactory.Compared with ACDF,it could better preserve physiological motion and biomechanics of cervical spine,and reduce the incidence of ASD.

BACKGROUND:B-lymphocytes are an important participant in the immunity system. Currently, magnetic beads and complement methods are mainly used to isolate and purify B-lymphocytes. However, these methods are costly or cause large cel damage and low purity, which need further improvement. OBJECTIVE: To explore the isolation and culture methods of B-lymphocytes from mouse spleen and to study suitable conditions for B-lymphocyte isolation and culture in vitro by using interleukin-4, lipopolysaccharide, CD3 monoclonal antibody or their combination. METHODS:B-lymphocytes from mouse spleen were isolated and randomly divided into seven groups, respectively treated with interleukin-4, CD3 monoclonal antibody, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-4+CD3, interleukin-4+lipopolysaccharide, CD3+lipopolysaccharide, and no stimulation (control group). Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in the number and proportion of T-lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and their subpopulations under different culture conditions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of lymphocytes peaked at 3-5 days after addition of interleukin-4. In the lipopolysaccharide group, the number of lymphocytes began to increase at 3 days, and then peaked at 5 days. T-lymphocytes disappeared after addition of CD3 monoclonal antibody, so relatively pure B-lymphocytes could be obtained after 2 days and the number of B-lymphocytes reached the peak at 3 days. The number of mature B-lymphocytes (B220+IgD+) increased significantly after addition of CD3 antibody. In al the conditions we tested, transitional B cel subset (B220+CD93+) disappeared completely after 24 hours of culture. Experimental results indicate that after addition of CD3 monoclonal antibody and interleukin-4, T-lymphocytes can be removed in mouse spleen cels cultured, but mature B-lymphocytes remain to survive and proliferate.