ObjectivesTo explore the characteristic of different subtypes of depression on prefrontal lobe and hippocampus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS),and its relationship.Methods 46 patients of depression,which were met with the third edition of the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CC-MD-Ⅲ ) since December 2010 to March 2012 from Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute,were examined at prefrontal lobe and hippocampus by multi-voxel 1 H-MRS.They were divided into male ( n =25) and female ( n =21 ),early-onset subtype ( n =26) and late-onset subtype ( n =20 ),short-duration of illness ( n =23 )and long-duration of illness ( n =23 ) by different criteria.The N-acetylaspartate ( NAA),Choline-congtaining compounds (Cho),and Creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr were determined.ResultsOn left prefrontal lobe,the NAA/Cr ratios in patients of male ( 1.83 ± 0.19),late-onset subtype (1.86 ±0.16),and short-duration of illness ( 1.83 ±0.17) showed higher than those in female ( 1.70 ±0.12,t=2.711,P ＜ 0.01 ),early-onset subtype ( 1.70 ± 0.19,t =3.028,P ＜ 0.01 ),and long-duration of illness ( 1.71±0.20,t =2.192,P＜0.05).Both on left prefrontal and on left thalamus,the ratios of NAA/Cr were positively correlated with the age of onset ( r=0.493 and 0.478,P＜0.01 ),and were negatively correlated with the duration of illness ( r =- 0.482 and - 0.470,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsDifferent subtypes of depression maybe have different characteristics of 1H-MRS due to the age of onset and the duration of illness.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether myocardial bridging (MB) is independently associated with coronary atherosclerosis proximal to MB in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) identified by computed tomographic coronary angiography (CCTA).

METHODSFrom March 2011 to December 2012, patients (n=9 862) with suspected coronary disease underwent CCTA using dual-source CT scanner. The baseline clinical characteristics (age, gender, smoking history, presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, family history of heart attack, and body mass index) and the results of CCTA were reviewed. Two radiologists evaluated the coronary artery for MB and coronary atherosclerosis stenosis (CAS) in LAD and made a diagnosis by consensus. Significant independent risk factors for CAS were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSA total of 3 182 (32.3%) cases of MB and 3 359 cases of CAS of LAD were identified. No patient with CAS in the tunneled segment was found. The mean length of bridges and the mean thickness of the overlying myocardium was (17.3±5.2) mm and (1.2±0.9) mm, respectively. There were 1658 MB cases in 3 359 cases of LAD stenosis and 1 524 MB cases in 6 503 cases of no LAD stenosis (χ(2)=681.12, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that MB in the LAD were significantly associated with CAS in the proximal LAD (OR=3.07, 95%CI=2.81-3.37, P<0.001), and after final adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, family history of heart attack, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and resting heart rate (OR=2.86, 95% CI=2.60-3.16, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONMB in the LAD is independently associated with CAS in the proximal segment to MB.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Stenosis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Bridging ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; China ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the change in the activity of glucosylceramide synthase, the key enzyme in glycosphingolipid metabolism and synthesis, in Huh7 cells infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro. MethodsBlood samples were collected from nine previously untreated patients with acute hepatitis B who attended Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, from June to August, 2019, and the blood samples collected from seven healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were established as control. Huh7 cells were inoculated with the high-copy HBV particles (＞9.9×107 IU/ml) in the serum of patients with HBV infection (infection group), and Huh7 cells co-cultured with the serum of healthy individuals were established as control group. The expression levels of HBsAg and HBV DNA in the cytoplasm of HBV-infected Huh7 cells were measured, and the correlation between GCS activity and virus was analyzed. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups, and a Pearson correlation analysis was performed. ResultsCompared with the control group, the infection group had a significant reduction in the number of cells, an increase in cell volume, and cell membrane fragmentation. The infection group had a significant increase in the expression of HBsAg in cytoplasm at 4 hours, 8 hours, 2 days, and 5 days after infection (P＜0.05); the expression level of HBV DNA tended to increase significantly from 4 hours after infection to 8 hours, 2 days, and 5 days after infection (16.67±11.55 IU/ml vs 112.01±25.94 IU/ml/328.01±10350 IU/ml/101.60±49.84 IU/ml, P＜0.001), with the highest level at 2 days after infection. During HBV infection, the activity of GCS gradually increased with the increase in viral replication from 4 hours after infection (126.21±9.59 IU/ml) and reached a peak at 2 days after infection (226.53±36.27 IU/ml), with a significant difference between the infection group and the control group at 2 days after infection (226.53±36.27 IU/ml vs 136.50±1544 IU/ml, t=3.956, P=0.016 7). The activity of GCS was positively correlated with HBV DNA level (r=0.576 8, P=0047 1). ConclusionHuh7 cells are successfully infected with the high-copy HBV particles in the serum of patients with HBV infection, which mimics the characteristics of HBV infection in vitro to a certain degree. The activity of GCS may be associated with HBV infection, suggesting that glycosphingolipid synthesis and metabolism may be closely associated with HBV.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Desmodium blandum and their cytotoxic activity against the growth of several tumor cells.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography were employed for the isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures of compounds were elucidated by spectral analyses (IR, UV, NMR, MS). Their cytotoxic activity was then studied.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated from the stems of D. blandum and identified as N, N-dimethyltryptamine (1), 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (2), citrusinol (3), yukovanol (4), (Z)-1-(4-hydroxy-2, 3-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propene (5), (Z)-1-(3-hydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl) propene (6), methylprotocatechuate (7), katuranin (8).

CONCLUSIONAmong these compounds, compound 6 was isolated from D. blandum for the first time. In the MTT test, compounds 2 and 6 exhibit cytotoxic activities against the KB cell, and compounds 3 and 6 exhibit the same activities against the HepG2 cell.

Alkenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzene Derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; N,N-Dimethyltryptamine ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

OBJECTIVE: To compare the correlation between musculoskeletal ultrasound features, dysfunction and X-ray findings in patients with knee osteoarthritis, and to analyze the pathological mechanism of soft tissue inflammation in knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Cross-sectional method was performed in this research (Evidence level: III). The patients with knee osteoarthritis were collected according to the screening criteria from September 2016 to January 2017 in Orthopedic clinic in our hospital. Musculoskeletal ultrasound and X-ray images were obtained and measured, knee function was measured by Lysholm scale. Pearson coefficient, t test and Wilcoxon were applied to analyze the correlation between soft tissue inflammation, knee dysfunction and X-ray features. RESULTS: Total 123 patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited in this research. Soft tissue inflammation around knee had a high incidence in patients with knee osteoarthritis (infrapatellar fat pad inflammation 81%), and the synovial membrane thickness, joint effusion depth and meniscus bulging were beyond the normal range. Correlation analysis showed that the about Lysholm score and joint effusion depth had negative correlations with "Squat" score(=-0.21, =0.02). and Medial meniscus bulging had negative correlations with "Sustain" score(=-0.26, <0.01) and Lysholm total score (=-0.19, =0.04). Lateral meniscus bulging had a negative correlation with "Unstable" score (=-0.22, =0.02). The X-ray features, and medial joint space narrow had negative correlations with joint effusion depth(=-0.27, <0.01) and synovial membrane thickness(=-0.17, =0.007), and had a positive correlation with medial meniscus bulging. Medial joint space narrow was significantly correlated with patellar ligament inflammation and fat pad inflammation(<0.05). Lateral joint space narrow was significantly correlated with patellar ligament inflammation(=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Soft tissue inflammation around the knee-a major pathological manifestation of knee osteoarthritis, has significant correlations with knee dysfunction and bony structure lesions, and affects the progression of knee osteoarthritis by damaging knee joint function and promoting the destruction of articular cartilage.
Cartilage, Articular ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Menisci, Tibial ; Osteoarthritis, Knee

Objective: To explore a surgical method for the reconstruction of naturally dynamic double eyelid by fully reserving orbicularis oculi muscle. Methods: Incisional double eyelid blepharoplasty were performed on 352 patients. Orbicularis oculi muscle in incisional and pretarsal area were completely preserved. Muscle was elevated from plate by resecting deep muscular myolemma and muscles to form pretarsal myocutaneous flap. Thereafter, the orbital septum was completely exposed. The free end of muscle flap was fixed to a higher position of the levator aponeurosis. The orbital septum was repaired at the same time. Results: From June 2009 to December 2017, 352 patients were performed double eyelid blepharoplasty using above technique. They are 337 females and 15 males. Fifty-two patients were followed up for 6-60 months, with the mean time of 27 months. All the incisions were uneventfully healed. The new double eyelid presented smooth appearance, and the so-called " sausage" phenomena were not noticed. There was no concave groove or step-like deformity when eyes closed. Forty-five patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Two patients had shallower supratarsal folds on one side, and 1 patient underwent secondary repair. Two patients complained about asymmetry. Two patients suffered from mild unilateral eyelash eversion (without need of reparation). Conclusions The combined application of deep and superficial myolemma release of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and orbital septum reset, could create a double eyelid with natural and dynamic appearance.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of X-ray and spiral computed tomography (SCT) in the diagnosis of Swyer-James syndrome (SJS).

METHODSA total of 28 patients, 12 males and 16 females, were studied retrospectively. Ages ranged from 11 to 57 years, the mean age was 32 years. All patients underwent inspiratory chest X-ray films, 5 with expiratory chest films and 1 with bronchogram. Furthermore, inspiratory and expiratory SCT scans were performed. The SCT findings were analyzed and compared with X-ray films.

RESULTSSCT demonstrated 56 lobes with hyperlucency and diminished vascularity. The size of 51 lobes were smaller and 5 were normal. X-ray films showed that hyperlucency was only in 29 lobes, in which 19 lobes were small-sized and the other 10 lobes normal. There were 56 lobes with air-trapping on expiratory SCT scans, but only 5 lobes with air-trapping on expiratory X-ray films. Bronchogram in 1 case demonstrated bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans. SCT showed 24 patients with bronchiectasis, 9 patients with tuberculosis, 10 patients with bronchiolitis, and 2 with segmental collapse.

CONCLUSIONSCT scan is superior to chest radiography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SJS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bronchiectasis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Bronchiolitis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lung, Hyperlucent ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; complications ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVETo provide an ideal method for flap prefabrication.

METHODSThe superficial temporal fascial flap has been elevated based on the superficial temporal vessels during the first-stage procedure. A subcutaneous tissue pocket with appropriate site was formed in the retroauricular and mastoid process region. The fascial flap was transferred into the pocket and fixed properly. The tissue expander was placed under the fascial flap. When the expanding process has been finished, the expander was removed and the expanded induced prefabricated skin flap of the retroauricular and mastoid process region pedicled on the superficial temporal vascular bundle was elevated and transferred to repair the facial skin defect.

RESULTSThere were nine cases in the group. Facial defects after resection of the melanotic nevus was repaired in 2 cases and facial defects after resection of the facial haemangioma and scar were repaired in 2 and 5 cases respectively. Pedicle length of the superficial temporal fascial flap was ranged from 5.5 cm to 7 cm (mean length 6.2 cm). The size of the fascial flaps was ranged from 4 cm x 3 cm to 7 cm x 7 cm (mean size 5.7 cm x 4.9 cm). The size of the prefabricated skin flaps was ranged from 5 cm x 5 cm to 8.0 cm x 7.5 cm (mean size 6.4 cm x 6.1 cm). The average time of the tissue expansion process is 16.1 weeks. All flaps survived postoperatively and the donor sites of the flaps were appropriated directly in 5 cases. The split-thickness skin grafting was used to recover the donor site defects in 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe superficial temporal fascial flap owns the following advantages: the vascular pedicle is much longer and vascular supply is plentiful, and it is convenient to transfer. Meanwhile, the skin of the retroauricular and mastoid process region is most similar to that of the face in texture, color and depth. For the patients selected strictly, the technique mentioned above is somewhat an ideal method for facial defect repair.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Ear, External ; surgery ; Facial Injuries ; surgery ; Fascia ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Expansion ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo apply the scapular free flap extended to the upper arm for resurfacing the face and neck, as well as the upper lip in one stage.

METHODSThe scapular free flap was designed with extended portion to the posterior and interior part of the upper arm. Then the free flap was transferred to resurface the face and neck with the routine portion and to resurface the upper lip with the extended portion.

RESULTS6 cases with extensive upper lip, facial and cervical burn scar were treated with the extended scapular free flaps. The flap size ranged from 22 cm x 11 cm to 40 cm x 9.5 cm (36.57 cm x 10.20 cm in average) for the routine portion and from 7 cm x 4 cm to 12 cm x 4 cm (10.32 cm x 3.67 cm in average) for the extended portion. All flaps survived completely.

CONCLUSIONSThere are direct communicating branches ("choke vessel") between the circumflex scapular artery (CSA) and the posterior humeral circumflex artery (PHCA). When the blood supply of PHCA is cut off, the CSA can provide blood supply through the communicating branches to the upper arm skin area previously nourished by PHCA. So the blood supply of the extended portion of the scapular free flap is not only from the branches of CSA, but also from the direct communicating branches between the CSA and PHCA. The extended scapular free flap has a reliable blood supply and can be applied to construct the facial and cervical scar contraction with the extended portion to resurface the upper lip. The satisfactory result can be expected.

Adult ; Arm ; surgery ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Scapula ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult