Objective:To establish the competency model for medical representatives in China. Methods:Firstly, the competen-cy elements for medical representatives were defined through the literature research and logic analysis, the importance of each element was then evaluated by a questionnaire, and the survey results were analyzed by a factor analysis approach. Lastly, the weight of each factor was confirmed by analytic hierarchy process. Results & Conclusion: The competency model, which consists of 5 dimensions ( professional quality, professional ethics, knowledge, personal characteristics and relationship management) , 26 competency elements and the weight of each factor, is established successfully.

Objective:To establish a new method of designing and fabricating a facial simulation model of infant cleft lip for lip repair simulation and surgery teaching. Methods: Using latest three-dimensional scanning, reversed engineering and rapid prototyping techniques to fulfill the individual design and rapid auto-manufacture for the facial model of the cleft lip infants. With the new chromatosis technique and special silicone material of Maxillofacial Prosthetics the simulative face of infant cleft lip were fabricated. The new simulation model was used for lip repair surgery teaching. Results: The vivid faical data was successfully acquired by scanner and then designed by software. The solid plastic partern of patient's face was fabricated by machine, which was eventually replaced by maxillofaical silicon. The surgeon applied it for pre-surgery simulation and surgery teaching. Conclusion: This study successfully designed and fabricated the new simulation model of cleft lip infant's face, which can be a ideal training model for lip repair surgery teaching.

Objective:To determine the proper dosage of ~(125)I seed for brachytherapy of malignant glioma.Methods: C6 malignant glioma cell line was implanted subcontaneously in 24 female BALB/c nude mice and mice were allowed to grow till the diameter of the tumor reached 11 mm(7 ml),and then the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group(without therapy),blank seed group,0.4 mCi(14.8 MBq) ~(125)I seed group and 0.8 mCi(29.6 MBq) ~(125)I seed group(seeds in the latter 3 groups were implanted into the center of the tumor).The growth of the tumor was observed and the growth curve was drawn.Mice were then killed and tumor specimen was obtained for H-E staining.Cell apoptosis was observed with flow cytometry and the expression of p53 protein was dectected with immunohistochemical method.Results: The tumor volume of 0.4mCi group was smaller than those of control group and blank seed group(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and to provide a clinical basis for reducing the occurrence of PDA in early preterm infants.

METHODSA total of 136 early preterm infants (gestational age≤32 weeks) who were hospitalized between January 2013 and December 2014 and diagnosed with hemodynamicalhy significant PDA (hs-PDA) were enrolled as the case group. Based on the matched case-control principle, 136 early preterm infants without hs-PDA were selected among those who were hospitalized within the same period at a ratio of 1:1 and enrolled as the control group. The two groups were matched for sex and gestational age. The basic information of neonates and maternal conditions during the pregnancy and perinatal periods were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for the development of PDA.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis showed that neonatal infectious diseases, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, decreased platelet count within 24 hours after birth, and low birth weight were associated with the development of hs-PDA (P<0.05). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that neonatal infectious diseases (OR=2.368) and decreased platelet count within 24 hours after birth (OR=0.996) were independent risk factors for hs-PDA.

CONCLUSIONSNeonatal infectious diseases and decreased platelet count within 24 hours after birth increase the risk of hs-PDA in early preterm infants.

Case-Control Studies ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Risk Factors

Mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of about 3 500 subjects derived from 17 studies of Himalayan highlanders (Tibetans, Sherpas, and Ladakhis) was compared with lowlanders (Chinese Han, Indian Tamils) lived in the Himalayas, and European climbers during Everest expeditions as well as Andean natives. The results found that Hb concentration in Himalayan highlanders was systemically lower than those reported for Andean natives and lowland immigrants. These comparative data demonstrated that a healthy native population may successfully reside at high altitude without a significant elevation in Hb, and the lower Hb levels of Himalayan highlanders than those of migrated lowlanders and Andean natives are an example of favourable adaptation over the generations. In addition, excessive polycythemia has frequently been used as a marker of chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Altitude populations who have a higher Hb concentration also have a higher incidence of CMS. The low Hb in Himalayans suggested as showing adaptation over many generations in Tibetan stock. Recent work in Tibet, suggested that Tibetans there may have adapted to high altitude as a result of evolutionary pressure selecting for genes which give an advantage at altitude. All of the population genomic and statistical analysis indicated that EPAS1 and EGLN1 are mostly likely responsible for high altitude adaptation and closely related to low Hb concentration in Tibetans. These data supported the hypothesis that Himalayan highlanders have evolved a genetically different erythropoietic response to chronic hypoxia by virtue of their much longer exposure to high altitude.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Altitude ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hemoglobins ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases ; genetics ; Tibet

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of AngongNiuhuang Pill(AGNH) on neurological function and intestinal mucosal barrier in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS Male CD-1 mice were randomly divided into sham, ICH, AGNH 0.1 g·kg-1, AGNH 0.2 g·kg-1, and AGNH 0.4 g·kg-1groups. The ICH mice models were prepared by intrastriatal injection with collage-nase using a stereotaxic frame.Garcia test was used to evaluate the neurological function of mice.The brain water content was measured with dry/wet weight method.The permeability of intestinal mucosa was detected by FITC-D method. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of intestine. The content of endotoxin in blood and the expressions of ZO-1,occludin in intestinewere also investigated.RESULTS After AGNH administration,the neurological score of mice was increased,and the brain water content was decreased(P<0.01).AGNH attenuated the ICH-induced increase of perme-ability of intestinal mucosa(P<0.01).Treatment with AGNHnot only alleviated the pathological changes of the intestine but alsoreduced the endotoxin content in blood (P<0.01).The expressions of ZO-1, occludinin AGNH groups were significantly increased compared with that of ICH group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION AGNH improves the neurological dysfunction in ICH mice and the mechanism of action is implicated in protecting the intestinal mucosa.

Objective To investigate the minimal invasive management of cystitis glandularis with invasion of the ureteric meatus.Methods The clinical data of 18 cases were reviewed.Among the 18 cystitis glandularis patients,12 cases were invasion of bilateral ureteric meatus and 6 of unilateral ureteric meatus.Operation or drug treatment was performed on the diseases that can cause cystitis glandularis such as bladder stone,bladder neck stegnosis,external urethral meatus stegnosis and benign prostate hyperplasia.Sensitive antibiotic was administrated in all cases.After placing ureter catheter,transurethral plasma electro-resection was carried out in five patients whose ureteric meatus could be identified.In addition,of thirteen patients with ureteral orifice unable to be identified,there were ten cases with normal renal function,mitomycin was injected under affected membrana mucosa,and then the patient with ureteral orifice identified underwent transurethral plasma electro-resection after placing ureter catheter.On the other hand,the patient whose ureteral orifice still could not be recognized undertaken transurethral electro-resection at first,during which the ureter catheter was put once ureteral orifice had been detected,otherwise,the ureter catheter should be placed through cystoscope if nephritic colic emerged and hydronephrosis aggravated after operation.In those patients with kidney dysfunction,the ureter catheter was put by ureter discission or ureter replantation at first,the transurethral electro-resection could not be executed until the renal function recovered.Following all these procedure above,bladder instillation of drugs regularly,anti-infection and symptomatic treatment were administrated.Results One patient combined with bladder adenocarcinoma received cystectomy,of the other patients,six cases recurred and underwent electrotomy again resulting in no relapse.All nephrohydrops vanished or relieved obviously,nevertheless,urinary tract infection,haematuria and bladder-ureter backstreaming as the cardinal complication developed in some cases.Conclusion In the management of cystitis glandularis encroaching ureteric meatus,total or partial cystectomy can be avoided if ureter draining freely can be ensured,motivation removal,antiinfection,injection of drug under mucosa and preoperative diuresis conduce to the achievement of ureter catheter placing,transurethral plasma electro-resection is still effective methods in treating these cystitis glandularis.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between cervical lesion development and histone acetylation that regulates RAR-β2 expression. Methods:Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to detect AcH3, RAR-β2, and involu-crin expression in normal cervical tissues as well as in tissues with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱ-Ⅲand squamous cell cer-vical carcinoma. The relationship among histone acetylation level, RAR-β2 expression, and cervical lesion severity were analyzed. Re-sults:AcH3, RAR-β2, and involucrin expression were reduced or absent with the progression of cervical lesions;significant differences were noted between the groups (P<0.05). Histone acetylation level and RAR-β2 expression were positively correlated (r=0.797, P<0.05). AcH3 and RAR-β2 expression, which were both associated with the cervical lesions, were negatively correlated [r=-0.547(AcH3), r=-0.585(RAR-β2), P<0.05]. Conclusion:Histone acetylation modification is associated with the regulation of RAR-β2 expression. This pro-cess is also likely to participate in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma.

Objective:To study the regulation of MSCs on the asthma;and to observe the expression of Notch signal in lung tissue of asthmatic rats.Methods:30 rats were randomly divided into 3 group :normal control group , asthma model group and MSC transplantation group.Making paraffin sections of lung tissue for pathological examination ,quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR) were used to identify the expression of Notch2 and Jagged1 mRNA in the rat lung tissue,and the expression of Notch2,Jagged1 were measured by Western blot.Results:Compared with normal control group and MSC transplantation group ,inflammatory cell infiltration and narrower airway were observed in asthma model group .The lever of Notch2,Jagged1 in asthma model group was higher than MSC transplantation group and normal control group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion:Mesenchymal stem cells can affect the expression of the Notch signaling pathway in asthmatic rats ,and play a role in the treatment of asthma.