Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Trichloroacetic Acid ; urine

Hemoperfusion is a kind of medical device which contacts directly with blood.In the application,fully considering the interaction between the blood and the sorbent material,so as to improve the blood compatibility is particularly important.With the development of medical science,chemistry and biomedical engineering,a variety of new materials of hemoperfusion have been studied and the blood compatibility of hemoperfusion sorbent has also been greatly improved,making the range of hemoperfusion clinical applications increasingly wide.This paper,combining related research results in recent years,reviews the research progress of the hemoperfusion adsorbent's blood compatibility in recent years.

Objective The aim of this article was to deeply study the effects of different molecular weight of proteins and different structures of chemical substances on the adsorption specificity of HB-H-6 resin.Methods HB-H-6 resin was adopted to adsorb 5 different molecular weight proteins and different structural chemical substances including proteins,saccharides,human serum albumin (HAS),dextran and lipid,and then underwent static adsorption experiments in vitro.The adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances were analyzed from two experiments and the results were compared.Results The experiment results of HB-H-6 resin adsorption showed that the average adsorption rates of 5 different molecular weight proteins,myoglobin (Myo,16 700),ovalbumin (OVA,44 000),HAS (66 200),β-gal (130 000) and IgG (150 000),were significantly different:(0.00±0.33)％,(8.02± 1.23)％,(43.19±2.31)％,(34.25±1.07)％ and (0.00±0.69)％.In the studies on adsorption of different structural chemical substances,the average adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances proteins,saccharides,lipid were significantly different:the absorption rates of plasma total protein,albumin,globulin,glucose,triglyceride and cholesterol groups were:(11.18±0.72)％,(10.74±0.66)％,(11.74± 1.22)％,(7.17±0.12)％,(1.06± 1.04)％,(3.05± 0.65)％.The absorption rates of HAS and dextran groups were:(43.19±2.31)％ and (5.44±1.46)％.Conclusion In conclusion,the proteins' molecular weight of best adsorption condition is from 66 Ku to 130 Ku.The average adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances proteins,saccharides,lipid are significantly different.The average adsorption rates of proteins are higher than that of saccharides and lipid.It shows that HB-H-6 resin has adsorption specificity on different molecular weight proteins and different structural chemical substances.

Objective To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced expres_sion of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in mouse cochlea .Methods Sixty BALB/c mice were ran_domly divided into 4 groups (15 mice in each group) and received introperitoneal injection once daily for 5 days:Control group (normol saline) ,UA group (80 mg/kg/day) ,CDDP group (4 .5 mg/kg/day) ,and CDPP (4 .5 mg/kg/day) plus UA group (80 mg/kg/day) .The expression of TRPV1 in mouse cochlea was determined by immuno_histochemistry ,microscope image analysis and western blot ,and auditory thresholds were evaluated by auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement .ResuIts The expression of cochlea TRPV1 and ABR threshold shift was significantly increased in the mice treated with CDDP (P< 0 .05) ,as compared with control mice .These effects were prevented by UA treatment (all P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,a linear relationship analysis revealed that the ex_pression of cochlea TRPV1 was significantly correlated with ABR threshold shift(|r|>0 .7 , P<0 .05) .ConcIusion UA effectively attenuated CDDP -induced ototoxicity and improved auditory function through inhibition of TR_PV1 .

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan" (PC 6) on ischemic myocardial injury, and to explain the response patterns and characteristics of the specific effect of acupoints along meridians in sodium channel in the level of cardiac organ.

METHODSA total of 60 SPF male rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a non-acupoint group, a Neiguan group and a Lieque group, 12 cases in each one. Except the blank group, rats in the remaining group were treated with subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline to establish the model of myocardial ischemia. Rats in the Neiguan group, Lieque group and non- acupoint group were treated with EA, dilatational wave, with a frequency of 2 Hz/20 Hz. The intensity was 2-3 mA. The needles were retained for 20 min per time, once a day for consecutive 7 days. In the blank group and control group, the rats were grasped and fixed at the treating time each day. The western-blot method was used to test the expression of voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit (Nav 1.5), protein tyrosine kinase (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs).

RESULTSThe expression of Nav 1.5 and PTKs in the model group was lower than that in the blank group (both P<0. 01); the expression in the Neiguan group and Lieque group was higher than that in the model group (all P < 0.01); the expression of Nav 1.5 and PTKs in the Neiguan group was higher than that in the Lieque group (both P < 0.01). The expression of PTPs in the model group and non-acupoint group was higher than that in the blank group (both P < 0.01); the expression of PTPs in the Neiguan group and Lieque group was significantly down-regulated, which was lower than the model group (both P < 0.01); the down-regulation in the Neiguan group was significantly different from that in the Lieque group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA at "Neiguan" (PC 6), by down-regulating the expression of PTPs, up-regulating the expression of Nav 1.5 and PTKs, is likely to achieve the aim of regulation on sodium channel activity and calcium overload, further to improve myocardial ischemia, which provides experimental basis for the theory of the specific effect of acupoints along meridians.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Channels ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the differences of biochemical and immunological indicators in gender or Lee′s classification of IgA nephropathy ( IgAN) to provide laboratory evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of IgAN.Methods Retrospective cohort study.The information of biochemical and immunological indicators of 213 in-hospital patients which were admitted in Chinese PLA General Hospital in June to December, 2012.The data were collected and analyzed with t-test, non-parameter analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, ROC curves analysis and Logistic regression analysis according to gender or Lee′s classification ( Lee′s≤3 group and Lee′s>3 group).Results In this study, the average age and sex ratio of patients with IgAN was ( 35.0 ±10.6 ) years old and 2.04∶1.00.T-test and non-parameter analysis indicated homocysteine(HCY), immunoglobulin E (IgE), immunoglobulin M (IgM), prealbumin (PA), ceruloplasmin ( CP) ,α1-acidoglycoprotein(α1-AGP) , albumin ( Alb) ,α2-globulin(α2-G) andγ-globulin (γ-G) had significant difference in gender (P<0.05).And cystantin-C (CYS-C), HCY, complement 4 (C4),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG), PA, α1-AGP, α1-globulin(α1-G), immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM and transferrin ( TF ) had significantly different in Lee′s classification ( P<0.05 ).ROC curves analysis showed that the areas under curves of CYS-C andβ2-MG were 0.891 and 0.839 respectively;the sensitivity was 90.2%and specificity was 75.3% when cutoff value of CYS-C was 1.56 mg/L; the sensitivity was 80.3%and specificity was 78.8% when cutoff value of β2-MG was 0.275 mg/dl.Logistic regression analysis showed that CYS-C ( OR: 31.380, 95% CI: 10.808 -91.113, P=0.000 ) and HCY ( OR:1.035, 95%CI:1.002-1.069, P=0.040) were introduced into the model after twice variable selections.ROC curve of CYS-C combined with HCY for classifying Lee′s classification showed that the sensitivity, specificity, Jorden index and AUC were 0.843, 0.862, 0.705 and 0.894 ( P=0.000 ) , respectively.Conclusions CYS-C,β2-MG, PA and HCY were valuable indicators for Lee′s classification.CYS-C andβ2-MG had high correlation with Lee′s classification, which indicated that these two tests were related to the severity of IgAN.CYS-C combined with HCY could improve the diagnostic efficiency of IgAN Lee′s classification.Combination of biochemical and immunological indicators could improve the accuracy of Lee′s classification and provide effective laboratory evidence for clinical treatment of IgAN.

Objective To develop a method of detecting dry blood spot (DBS) samples collected in the filter paper by using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERSp,also known as Raman molecular fingerprint spectrum) technology.The possibility and reliability of applying the technology to the newborn screening of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was investigated.Methods The case-control study was used.The results of CH-hTSH screening test based on the DBS samples collected in the filter paper,and the clinical diagnosis were all provided by neonatal screening center of Shanghai Children's Hospital.The results of SERSp analysis were provided by Dalian University of Technology.Six positive and six negative samples,which were confirmed respectively by CH-hTSH screening using time resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) were chosen.With the spectrum lines of 725 cm-1 as internal standard,the SERSp from the aqueous solution of these samples were analyzed.The specific spectrum line analysis,the principal component analysis (PCA) and the scatter diagram of PCA were used to compare the results of TSH test.Results With the spectrum lines of 725 cm-1 as internal standard,the CH specific spectrum lines of 1373 cm-1 and 1400 cm-1 were discovered.They showed the most significant difference of the peak height between the positive and negative samples of CH,while TSH specific spectrum lines of 785 cm-1,827 cm-1 and 853 cm-1 failed to distinguish positive from negative samples with distinct peak height.The consistency between the results of CH-Raman Screening and CH-hTSH Screening was 91.7％ (11/12),which was proven by PCA,the scatter diagram of PCA and the specific spectrum line analysis.The sensitivity of CH-Raman Screening was 100％ and the specificity was 83.3％.Conclusion There is a new CH-Raman Screening method using the SERSp analysis,which was proven to be a promising technology in the newborn screening of congenital hypothyroidism with the DBS in the filter paper.

Patch-clamp is used to study all sorts of ionic channels and their regulations with measuring pA current of cell ionic channel, but the fast capacitance (C-fast) compensation and slow capacitance (C-slow) compensation transient currents are caused by measuring objects and measuring instruments themselves which will change the properties of action potentials. The present paper firstly discusses the C-Fast transient currents affecting membrane capacitance and membrane potential, and then draws a conclusion that the changes of membrane potential affect the properties of action potential through analyzing the changes of membrane potential in H-H model. Based on this conclusion, we discuss the influence mechanisms mainly through the analysis of traditional C-fast compensation errors, and focus discussion on the shape of electrode capacitance affecting C-fast. This method can not only improve the compensation speed greatly, but also improve the compensation precision from the electrode shape as much as possible.
Action Potentials ; Electric Capacitance ; Ion Channels ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurons ; cytology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques

Objective: To observe clinical efficacy of oral folic acid (FA) intervene in hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy) patients combining coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF), to study the effect of blood level of Hcy on cardiac function. Methods: A total of 126 relevant patients with blood level of Hcy>15 μmol/L were randomly divided into 2 groups:Routine group, the patients received anti-platelet therapy, statins, beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor antagonist and FA group, in addition to above mentioned therapies, the patients also received FA 5 mg/day. n=63 in each group and all patients were treated for 3 months. Fasting blood levels of Hcy, BNP and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were compared between 2 groups at pre- and 3 months post-treatment. Results: ① Based on NYHA classification, the patients with cardiac function at II, III, IV had accordingly increased blood levels of Hcy, BNP and LVEDD, while decreased LVEF and 6MWT, all P<0.05. ② Blood levels of Hcy were positively related to BNP (r=0.733, P<0.001) and LVEDD (r=0.511, P<0.001), negatively related to LVEF (r=-0.382, P<0.001) and 6MWT (r=-0.410, P<0.001). ③ With 3 months treatment, FA group and Routine group showed decreased Hcy level as (8.43 ± 1.87) μmol/L vs (3.29 ±1.68) μmol/L and BNP (891.84 ± 456.10) pg/ml vs (682.24 ± 463.79) pg/ml, reduced LVEDD (4.33 ± 1.231) mm vs (2.06 ± 1.73) mm, while elevated LVEF (6.59 ± 2.28) % vs (2.52 ± 2.37) % and 6MWT (142.97 ± 55.15) m vs (86.35 ± 59.06) m, all P<0.05. Conclusion: Increased blood level of Hcy is risky for HF occurrence, FA may treat HHcy and further improve the cardiac structure and function in HF patients.

Objective To explore the effect and safety of transcranial approach for spheno-orhital meningioma. Design Retro- spective case series. Participants Thirty-two patients being operated with transcranial approach. Twenty-four cases were meningothelial meningiomas, 3 cases were fibrous meningiomas, 1 case was psammomatous meningioma, 2 cases were atypital meningiomas, 2 case were malignant meningiomas. Methods All patients underwent frontal-temporal craniotomy, the involved sphenoid wing bone and peri- orbit were removed to prevent recurrence. The superior orbital fissure and optic canal were decompressed, the dural and periorbital de- feet were repaired by autogenous temporal fascia or artificial dura. Main Outcome Measures Preoperative and postoperative exoph- thalmus and eyeball movement, the extent of tumor resection, the ratio of recurrence. Results The extent of tumor resection: 8 cases were Simpson gradeⅡ, 20 cases Simpson gradeⅢ, 4 cases Simpson grade IV. After surgery, proptosis were improved in all patients, ophthalmoplegia was found in 6 eases. There was no operation-related death or other significant complication. Tumor recurred in 6 cas- es. Conclusions Adequate exposure of the tumor and bony decompression of the cranial nerves can result from transcranial approach, all the involved bone should be removed in order to prevent recurrence. This approach is relatively safe and the ptoptosis are improved significantly. Complete surgical resection is difficult because of the involvement of the orbital apex, superior orbital fissure and cav- ernous sinus.