Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

Burn patients often suffer from different degrees of dysfunction, such as residual burn wounds, formation of hyperplastic scar, scar itching, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, limitation of motion, and psychological disorders, which exert severe impact on their daily life. This article reviews various rehabilitation treatments for dysfunction after burn injury to promote rehabilitation of burn patients.
Burns ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; China ; Humans ; Rehabilitation ; methods

Objective To investigate the influence of CT-guided thermochemotherapy for pig's healthy pancreas and in turn to discuss the feasibility and efficacy on pancreatic tumors.Methods 9 healthy pigs were undergone CT-guided 80℃themochemotherapy with 18 G fine meedle injecting individually of 5-Fu 750mg(10 ml)into the pancreatic tail within 2min.CT,MRI and serum analyses test were carried out as the follow up study at 1h,3rd,7th and 14th day after the procedure;since the 3rd day,3 pigs were sacrificed right after every follow up and together with comparative study between diagnostic imagings and pathologic changes. Results The pig pancreatic tail necrotic lesions appeared to be most conspicuous at the 3rd day after thermochemotherapy and shrank gradually from 7th day to 14th day.Serum amylase level reached the highest at 3rd day after the treatment and lowered down at 7th day;and near approximately normal at 14th day.The outcomings of diagnostic imagings and macroscopic pathology were in accordance.Obvious pancreatitis occurred only in one pig and all others were nearly uneventful without serious complications of pancreatitis,intestinal adhesion and mortaligy.Conclusion CT-guided themochemotherapy can induce pancreatic,focal necrosis in healthy pig but with no serious complications;and these can further more establish the foundation for clinical practiee.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:844-846)

Objective:To explore the effect of laparoscopic minimally invasive on anorectal dynamics and serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in patients with rectal cancer.Methods:38 cases of rectal cancer patients were selected as the research group from March 2014 to March 2016 and 40 cases of non neoplastic intestinal polyps as control group,Preoperative anorectal dynamics index (anal resting pressure (ARP),rectal resting pressure (RRP)and anal maximal contraction pressure (MSP),rectal maximum tolerated volume (MTV) of two groups were compared,Preoperative and 3 d,1,2 weeks after operation of serum CEA and CA724 levels were detected in the research group and the clinical curative effect was observed.Results:There was no significant difference of ARP,RRP,MSP,MTV before operation in research group compared with the control group(P＞0.05),and was significantly reduced 2,4 weeks after operation(P＜0.05),then gradually restored,and basically recovered to the preoperative level 12 weeks after operation.There was no significant difference of serum CEA and CA724 levels 3 d after operation compared with preoperative in research group (P＞0.05),and were significantly lower 1,2 weeks after operation compared with preoperative (P＜0.05).The clinical effective rate was 65.8％.Conclusion:Efficacy of laparoscopic minimally invasive in treatment of rectal cancer is effective,can effectively reduce the levels of tumor markers,although there are some influence on anorectal dynamics,but it can be returned to normal in the short term.

This study investigated the effect of puerarin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) injured with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). HUVEC were divided into three groups: a control group, a model group (H₂O₂ 400 μmol·L^-1) and a puerarin-treated group (3, 10, 30 and 100 μmol·L^-1). HUVEC were cultured with varied concentration of puerarin for 2 h and treated with H₂O₂ for another 24 h. Cell proliferation was detected by a CCK-8 assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by a JC-1 fluorescent probe. A transwell chamber assay was adopted to observe cell migration ability. Mitochondrial respiratory function was measured in a two-chamber titration injection respirometer (Oxygraph-2k). The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of pyroptosis-mediated proteins, including cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), N-gasdermin D (N-GSDMD), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) was detected by Western blot. The results show that 400 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ treatment for 24 h causes obvious damage to HUVEC. Compared with the model group, puerarin protected against cellular injury in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest effect at a dose of 30 and 100 μmol·L^-1. Puerarin significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and improved mitochondrial function. Puerarin inhibited cell migration induced by H₂O₂, suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, and down-regulated the pyroptosis-mediated protein. These changes are statistically significant (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that puerarin has a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of HUVEC by inhibiting the migration of HUVEC cells. The mechanism may be related to improved mitochondrial respiratory function and inhibition of pyroptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer (CRC) Lovo cell line, and explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSMTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of Lovo cell growth by aminoguanidine. Apoptosis and cell cycle of Lovo cells were examined by flow cytometry (FCM). Morphologic change of Lovo cell treated by AG was observed with AO/EB staining.

RESULTSThere were significant differences in 0.5 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L AG groups as compared to the control group (P<0.05). The absorbance (A) values of Lovo cells in each time point were significantly different (P<0.05). Growth of Lovo cells was inhibited by aminoguanidine in a dose- and time-dependent manner. FCM analysis showed that the cell ratio of G(0)/G(1) phase increased with the increasing of the concentration of aminoguanidine, but the cell ratio of S-and G(2)/M phase decreased correspondingly (P<0.05). S phase fraction and proliferation index (PI) decreased remarkably, and the apoptotic rate of Lovo cells increased. After AG treatment, AO/EB staining revealed some apoptotic morphological features such as cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and formation of apoptosis bodies.

CONCLUSIONSAminoguanidine inhibits the proliferation and facilitates the apoptosis of human CRC Lovo cells. One of the mechanisms may be explained as blocking the progress of cell cycle of CRC Lovo cells by aminoguanidine.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Guanidines ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo establish a probabilistic model for evaluation of dietary exposure to lead and construct age-related exposure centiles for the residents in Jiangsu.

METHODSLead contamination data were obtained from the national food contamination monitoring program during 2001 - 2006 and 2791 samples from 232 food products in Jiangsu were included. Food consumption data were from the national diet and nutrition survey conducted in 2002, including 3938 subjects in Jiangsu. A non-parametric probabilistic model using Monte Carlo simulation was applied to derive the intake distribution. The intake data was then analyzed using the LMS method, which constructs exposure percentiles adjusted for the median (M), the coefficient of variation (S) and the skewness (L) of the intake distribution.

RESULTSThe median and P(99) of the lead exposure for the residents in Jiangsu were 1.02 µg×kg(-1)×d(-) and 9.29 µg×kg(-1)×d(-1), respectively.6.38% of the total population showed to have a lead intake exceeding the tolerable limit, which for the urban and rural population were 4.31% and 7.06%, respectively. The exceeding rate for children of 2 - 10 years old from the urban and rural areas were 13.17% and 17.70%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThere was a large variation in the lead exposure level of the population in Jiangsu; People in rural areas are in greater risk for higher lead exposure than urban people; The dietary exposure to lead for children and the high-end population was serious.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environmental Exposure ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Humans ; Lead ; analysis ; Risk Assessment

Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in the detection of leptomeningeal lesions.Methods Seventeen patients with a variety of leptomeningeal lesions were analyzed.The MRI protocol included un-enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR images and contrast-enhanced T_1WI,Comparisons between contrast-enhanced FLAIR images and T_1WI and between un-enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR images were made to determine which sequence better depicted the lesions.Results Leptomeningeal lesions showed as either diffusely or locally abnormal hyper-intensity along sulci or cistern on three sequences.Comparison between contrast-enhanced FLAIR and T_1WI showed that only contrast-enhanced FLAIR revealed the abnormalities in 7,both revealed the abnormalities but the former was superior in 2 ,and both were conspicuous in 7. In 1 patient of tuberculous meningitis,diffuse abnormalities of sulci were shown only on contrast-enhanced FLAIR, abnormalities of cisterns were shown on both sequences but the former was superior.Comparison between un- enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR showed that only contrast-enhanced FLAIR revealed the abnormalities in 9,both revealed the abnormalities but the former was superior in 3,and both were conspicuous in 4. In 1 patient of tuberculous meningitis,abnormalities of cisterns were shown only on contrast-enhanced FLAIR,diffuseabnormalities of sulci were shown on both sequences but the former was superior.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced FLAIR images were superior to un-enhanced FLAIR images and contrast-enhanced T_1WI in the detection of leptomeningeal lesions. Contrast-enhanced FLAIR images are helpful and should be considered when findings on un-enhanced FLAIR images and/or contrast-enhanced T,WI are inconclusive.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) on hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)/cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and H(2)S/mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) pathways in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

METHODSThirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 8), hypoxic group (n = 8), hypoxic + SO(2) group (n = 8) and hypoxic + hydroxamate (HDX) group (n = 8). After 21 days of experiment, the concentration and production of H(2)S in lung tissues were measured respectively for each rat. The protein expression of CSE and MPST in intima and media of small pulmonary arteries in rats was detected with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) in rats of hypoxic group was increased significantly [(33.38 ± 6.32) mm Hg vs. (16.74 ± 3.81) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. Compared with hypoxic group, the mPAP in rats of hypoxic + SO(2) group was decreased significantly [(29.65 ± 2.53) mm Hg vs. (33.38 ± 6.32) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. However, compared with hypoxic group, the mPAP in rats of hypoxic + HDX group was increased significantly [(39.44 ± 6.26) mm Hg vs. (33.38 ± 6.32) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. Compared with control group, the concentration [(2.02 ± 0.43) µmol/g vs. (3.11 ± 0.42) µmol/g, P < 0.01] and production [(19.64 ± 3.48) nmol/(g·min)vs. (28.20 ± 5.95) nmol/(g·min), P < 0.05] of H(2)S were decreased significantly in rats of hypoxic group, respectively. When treated with SO(2), hypoxic rats showed an increased concentration [(2.73 ± 0.20) µmol/g vs. (2.02 ± 0.43) µmol/g, P < 0.01] and production [(26.24 ± 1.92) nmol/(g·min) vs. (19.64 ± 3.48) nmol/(g·min), P < 0.01] of H(2)S in lung tissue compared with those without receiving SO(2) treatment. When treated with HDX, hypoxic rats showed a significant decrease in concentration [(1.64 ± 0.23) µmol/g vs. (2.02 ± 0.43) µmol/g, P < 0.05] and production [(13.94 ± 3.63) nmol/(g·min) vs. (19.64 ± 3.48) nmol/(g·min), P < 0.05] of H(2)S in lung tissue compared with those without receiving HDX treatment. As for the expression of CSE in small pulmonary arteries (SPAs), compared with control group, the expression of CSE in intima [(0.31 ± 0.02) vs. (0.36 ± 0.01), P < 0.01] and media [(0.27 ± 0.01) vs. (0.30 ± 0.01), P < 0.01] in rats of hypoxic group was decreased significantly. While compared with hypoxic group, the expression of CSE in intima [(0.35 ± 0.02) vs. (0.31 ± 0.02), P < 0.01] in SPAs of hypoxic + SO(2) group was increased significantly. With HDX treatment, the expression of CSE in intima [(0.26 ± 0.01) vs. (0.31 ± 0.02), P < 0.01] in SPAs of hypoxic group was lower than that without HDX treatment. As for the expression of MPST in SPAs, compared with hypoxic group, the expression of MPST in media [(0.32 ± 0.02) vs. (0.29 ± 0.01), P < 0.01] in SPAs of hypoxic + SO(2) group was increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONSO(2) might upregulate H(2)S/CSE and H(2)S/MPST pathways in pulmonary arteries of hypoxic rats.

Animals ; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sulfur Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Sulfurtransferases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of using plasma trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) and serum interleukin-6(IL-6) as early markers for predicting the severity of experimental acute pancreatitis.

METHODSNinety male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into five groups: edema pancreatitis group, treated with retrograde ductal infusion of 3% sodium taurocholate solution; necrosis pancreatitis group, treated with retrograde ductal infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate solution; treatment pancreatitis group, treated with retrograde ductal infusion of 3% sodium taurocholate solution and ulinastatin intravenous infusion half an hour later; control pancreatitis group, treated with 0.9% normal saline retrograde ductal infusion; and sham operation group, treated with sham operation. Rats in each group were equally randomized into three subgroups, which were killed by exsanguination 3, 6, or 24 hours after infusion, and blood specimens were obtained. Serum amylase, plasma TAP, and serum IL-6 were determined. The severity of pancreatitis was scored by two blinded pathologists under microscope.

RESULTSAt 3 and 6 hours after infusion, plasma TAP concentration of necrosis pancreatitis group [(4.798±0.169) and (3.999±0.299)nmol/L, respectively]were significantly higher than those of edema pancreatitis group [(2.416±0.148) and (3.356±0.211)nmol/L, respectively] (P<0.01); at 6 hours after infusion, serum IL-6 level of necrosis pancreatitis group [(1339.51±56.43)pg/ml]was significantly higher than that of edema pancreatitis group [(619.07±42.25)pg/ml] (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIn this acute pancreatitis model, the peak levels of plasma TAP and serum IL-6 may appear earlier in rats with severer disease. Serum TAP level may be used as a marker for the accurate early prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Oligopeptides ; blood ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley